1 IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Technology, (the ‘‘Gold Book’’), ed. A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 2nd edn, 1997; XML on-line corrected version: http://goldbook.iupac.org, created by M. Nic, J. Jirat and B. Kosata, updates compiled by A. Jenkins, 2006.
2 (a) W. Ostwald, Lehrbuch der Allgemeinen Chemie, 1. Aufgabe, 2. Band, Leipzig, 1887; (b) W. Ostwald, Handbuch der Allgemeinen Chemie, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 1919; (c) T. Pierce, Mechanochemistry and the colloid mill, including the practical applications of fine dispersion, Chemical Catalog Company, New York, 1928; (d) G. F. Hu¨ttig, in Handbuch der Katalyse IV, Springer, Verlag, Wien, 1943, pp. 318–331; (e) K. Peters, in Proceedings of 1st European Symposium ‘‘Zerkleinern’’, ed. H. Rumpf, Weinheim, Frankfurt, 1962, pp. 79–98; ( f ) P. Yu. Butyagin, Usp. Khim., 1971, 40, 1935; ( g) G. Heinicke, Tribochemistry, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1986. 3 W. Ostwald, Die Welt der Vernachla¨ssigten Dimensionen,
Verlag von Theodor Steinkopff, Dresden, 1927.
4 (a) A. Sme´kal, Naturwissenschaften, 1942, 30, 224; (b) P. Yu. Butyagin, Usp. Khim., 1984, 53, 1769; (c) N. Z. Lyachov, in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mechanochemistry INCOME’93, ed. K. Tka´cˇova´, Cambridge Interscience Publishing, Cambridge, 1993, vol. 1, pp. 59–65; (d) V. V. Boldyrev, Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., Part A, 1986, 52, 400; (e) A. Z. Juha´sz and B. Kolla´th, Acta Chim. Hung., 1993, 130, 725; ( f ) V. V. Boldyrev and K. Tka´cˇova´, J. Mater. Synth. Process., 2000, 8, 121; (g) U. Hoffmann, Ch. Horst and U. Kunz, in Integrated Chemical Processes, ed. K. Sundmacher, A. Kienle and A. Seidel-Margenstern, Wiley, Weinheim, 2005, pp. 407–436; (h) A. Z. Juha´sz, Aufbereit. Tech., 1974, 10, 558; (i) A. Z. Juha´sz, Sprechsall, 1985, 118, 110; ( j) A. Z. Juha´sz, Part. Sci. Technol., 1998, 16, 145; (k) E. Turianicova´, PhD thesis, Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosˇice, 2009.
5 (a) L. Takacs, J. Met., 2000, 12; (b) G. Agricola, De Natura Fossilicum, 1546 (Latin); (c) G. Agricola, De Re Metallica, 1556 (Latin); (d) F. Bacon, in Opuscula Varia Posthuma, ed. X. X. Rawley, 1658. See P. Shaw, The Philosophical Works of the Hon. R. Boyle, 1st edn, 1733, vol. 1, p. 149; (e) C. F. Wenzel, Lehre von der chemischen Verwandtschaft, Dresden, 1777.
6 P. Bala´zˇ, Extractive Metallurgy of Activated Minerals, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000.
7 P. Bala´zˇ, Mechanochemistry in Nanoscience and Minerals Engineering, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2008.
8 (a) I. J. Lin and S. Nadiv, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1970, 393, 193; (b) P. G. Fox, J. Mater. Sci., 1975, 10, 340; (c) R. Roy, J. Solid State Chem., 1994, 111, 11; (d) P. Bala´zˇ, Acta Metall. Slovaca, 2001, (Spec.4), 23; (e) L. Takacs, J. Mater. Sci., 2004, 39, 4987; ( f ) M. K. Beyer and H. Clausen-Schaumann, Chem. Rev., 2005, 105, 2921; (g) V. V. Boldyrev, Russ. Chem. Rev., 2006, 75, 177; (h) L. Takacs, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2007, 90, 90. 9 (a) F. P. Bowden and A. Yoffe, Initiation and Growth of Explosion in Liquids and Solids, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1952; (b) F. P. Bowden and A. Yoffe, Fast Reactions in Solids, Butterworths, London, 1958; (c) F. P. Bowden and D. Tabor, The Friction and Lubrication of Solids, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1958; (d) R. Weichert and K. Scho¨nert, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1974, 22, 127; (e) V. V. Boldyrev, Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., 1986, 52, 400; ( f ) V. V. Boldyrev, N. Lyakhov, Y. Pavlyuchin, Y. Boldyreva, E. Ivanov and E. G. Avvakumov, Russ. Chem. Rev., 1990, 14, 105; ( g) F. Delogu and G. Cocco, J. Alloys Compd., 2008, 465, 540.
10 P. A. Thiessen, K. Meyer and G. Heinicke, Grundlagen der Tribochemie, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1967.
11 (a) E. M. Gutman, Mechanochemistry of Metals and Protec- tion against Corrosion, Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1974 (in Russian); (b) G. M. Bertenev and I. V. Razumovskaya, Fiz. Chim. Mech. Mater., 1969, 5, 60; (c) P. Yu. Butyagin, Vses. Chim. obsˇcˇ. D. Mendelejeva, 1973, 18, 90; (d) V. V. Boldyrev, Kinet. Catal., 1972, 13, 1411; (e) V. K. Smolyakov, O. V. Lapshin and V. V. Boldyrev, Int. J. Self-Propag. High- Temp. Synth., 2007, 16, 1; ( f ) V. K. Smolyakov, O. V. Lapshin and V. V. Boldyrev, Int. J. Self-Propag. High-Temp. Synth., 2008, 17, 20; ( g) N. Z. Lyachov, Folia Montana, 1984, 40–49; (h) K. Tka´cˇova´, G. Paholicˇ, V. Sˇepela´k and F. Sekula, in Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium ‘‘Theoretical and Technological Aspects of Disintegration and Mechanical Activation’’, Part I, ed. K. Tka´cˇova´ and F. Sekula, Mining Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Tatranska´ Lomnica, 1988, pp. 70–79.
12 D. L. Zhang, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2004, 49, 537.
13 S. Rosenkranz, S. Breitung-Faes and A. Kwade, Powder Technol., 2011, 212, 224.
14 C. Suryanarayana, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2001, 46, 1.
15 P. R. Sooni, Mechanical Alloying: Fundamentals and Applications, Cambridge International Science Publishing, Cambridge, 2001.
16 E. Avvakumov, M. Senna and N. Kostova, Soft Mechano- chemical Synthesis: A Basis for New Chemical Technologies, Kluwer Academic Publischers, Dordrecht, 2001.
17 P. Billik and M. Cˇaplovicˇova´, in Advances in Nanotechnol- ogy, ed. Z. Bartul and J. Trenor, Nova Publishers, New York, 2012, vol. 8, pp. 111–164.
18 H. Heegn, F. Birkender and A. Kamptner, Cryst. Res. Technol., 2003, 38, 7.
19 E. L. Fokina, N. I. Budim, V. G. Kochnev and G. G. Chernik, J. Mater. Sci., 2004, 39, 5217.
20 P. P. Chattopadhyay, I. Manna, S. Talapatra and S. K. Pabi, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2001, 68, 85.
21 J. Alkebro, S. Be´gin-Colin, A. Mocellin and R. Warren, J. Solid State Chem., 2002, 164, 88.
22 K. S. Venkataraman and K. S. Narayanan, Powder Technol., 1998, 96, 190.
23 L. Lu and M. O. Lai, Mechanical Alloying, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1998.
24 C. Suryanarayana, Mechanical Alloying and Milling, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2004.
25 L. Takacs, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2002, 47, 355.
26 Y. Ogino, T. Yamasaki, M. Miki, N. Atsumi and K. Yoshioka, Scr. Metall. Mater., 1993, 28, 967.
27 Z. H. Chin and T. P. Perng, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1997, 70, 2380. 28 G. Mulas, L. Schiffini, G. Tanda and G. Cocco, J. Alloys
Compd., 2005, 404–406, 343.
29 F. Delogu and G. Mulas, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34, 3026.
30 M. D. Chio, L. Schiffini, S. Enzo, G. Cocco and M. Baricco, Renewable Energy, 2008, 33, 237.
31 G. Mulas, L. Schiffini and G. Cocco, J. Mater. Res., 2004, 19, 3279.
32 P. Unifantowicz, Z. Oksiuta, P. Olier, Y. de Carlan and N. Baluc, Fusion Eng. Des., 2011, 86, 2413.
33 M. I. Flores-Zamora, C. A. Martinez-Pe´rez, M. Garcia- Guaderrama, I. Estrada-Guel, F. Espinoza-Magana and R. Martı´nez-Sa´nche´z, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 2008, 18, 301. 34 A. Morales-Rodriguez, A. Gallardo-Lo´pez, A. Dominguez-
Rodriguez, J. M. Co´rdoba, M. A. Avile´s and F. J. Gotor, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2011, 31, 299.
35 E. Chicardi, J. M. Co´rdoba, M. J. Sayague´s and F. J. Gotor, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2012, 31, 39.
36 L. Takacs and J. S. McHenry, J. Mater. Sci., 2006, 41, 5246. 37 M. Abdellaoui and E. Gaffet, Acta Mater., 1996, 44, 725. 38 R. M. Davis and C. C. Koch, Scr. Metall., 1987, 21, 305. 39 (a) L. Opoczky, Powder Technol., 1977, 17, 1; (b) B. Beke, in
Proceedings of International Symposium on Powder Technol- ogy, Hemisphere Publishing Co., Washington, 1981, pp. 373–379; (c) A. Z. Juha´sz and L. Opoczky, Mechanical Activation of Minerals by Grinding: Pulverizing and Morphol- ogy of Particles, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1990.
40 E. M. Gutman, Mechanochemistry of Materials, Cambridge International Science Publishing, Cambridge, 1998. 41 V. I. Levitas, in High Pressure Surface Science and Engineer-
ing, ed. Y. Gogotsi and V. Domnich, Institute of Physics, Bristol, 2004, pp. 159–292.
42 L. Onsager, Phys. Rev., 1931, 37, 405.
43 S. R. Berry, S. A. Rice and J. Ross, Matter in Equilibrium: Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2nd edn, 2004.
44 Physical Metallurgy, ed. R. W. Cahn and P. Haasen, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 4th edn, 1996.
45 P. Bellon and R. S. Averback, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1995, 74, 1819.
46 J. E. Hammerberg, B. L. Holian, J. Ro¨der, A. R. Bishop and S. J. Zhou, Phys. D, 1998, 123, 330.
47 X.-J. Fu, M. L. Falk and D. A. Rigney, Wear, 2001, 250, 420–430.
48 A. C. Lund and C. A. Schuh, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2003, 82, 2017.
49 A. C. Lund and C. A. Schuh, J. Appl. Phys., 2004, 95, 4815. 50 F. Delogu and G. Cocco, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter
Mater. Phys., 2005, 71, 144108.
51 F. Delogu and G. Cocco, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2005, 72, 014124.
52 S. Odunuga, Y. Li, P. Krasnochtchekov, P. Bellon and R. S. Averback, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, 95, 045901.
53 F. Delogu, J. Appl. Phys., 2008, 104, 073533.
54 N. Q. Vo, S. Odunuga, P. Bellon and R. S. Averback, Acta Mater., 2009, 57, 3012.
55 Y. Ashkenazy, N. Q. Vo, D. Schwen, R. S. Averback and P. Bellon, Acta Mater., 2012, 60, 984.
56 F. Delogu and G. Cocco, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2006, 74, 035406.
57 F. Delogu, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2009, 80, 014115.
58 F. Delogu, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2010, 82, 205415.
59 F. Delogu, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2012, 521, 125. 60 D. A. Rigney, Wear, 2000, 245, 1.
61 J. Song and D. Srolovitz, Acta Mater., 2006, 54, 5305. 62 J. Song and D. Srolovitz, J. Appl. Phys., 2008, 104, 124312. 63 A. Fortini, M. I. Mendelev, S. Buldyrev and D. Srolovitz,
J. Appl. Phys., 2008, 104, 074320.
64 H. Kim and A. Strachan, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2010, 104, 215504. 65 H. Kim and A. Strachan, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter
Mater. Phys., 2011, 83, 024108.
66 F. Delogu, J. Appl. Phys., 2011, 110, 103505.
67 M. Nosonovsky and B. Bhushan, Multiscale Dissipative Mechanisms and Hierarchical Surfaces, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2008.
68 R. Chattopadhyay, Surface Wear. Analysis, Treatment, and Prevention, ASM International, Materials Park, 2001. 69 D. A. Rigney and J. E. Hammerberg, in The 1999 Julia R.
Weertman Symposium on Advanced Materials for the 21st Century, ed. Y. W. Chung, D. C. Dunand, P. K. Liaw and G. B. Olson, TMS (OH), Cincinnati, 1999, pp. 465–474. 70 H.-J. Kim, W. K. Kim, M. J. Falk and D. A. Rigney, Tribol.
Lett., 2007, 28, 299.
71 H.-J. Kim, S. Karthikeyan and D. A. Rigney, Wear, 2009, 267, 1130.
72 S. Karthikeyan, A. Agrawal and D. A. Rigney, Wear, 2009, 267, 1166.
73 A. Emge, S. Karthikeyan and D. A. Rigney, Wear, 2009, 267, 562.
74 D. Rigney and S. Karthikeyan, Tribol. Lett., 2009, 39, 3. 75 Abrasion Resistance of Materials, ed. M. Adamiak, InTech,
Rijeka, 2012.
76 R. W. Hertzberg, Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995. 77 Fracture of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures,
ed. E. Gdoutos, Springer, Dordrecht, 2006.
78 G. Heinicke, Tribochemistry, C. H. Verlag, Munich, 1985. 79 T. E. Fisher, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1988, 18, 303.
80 J. M. Thomas and W. J. Thomas, Principles and Practice of Heterogeneous Catalysis, VCH Publishers, New York, 2005. 81 P. Meloni, G. Carcangiu and F. Delogu, Mater. Res. Bull.,
2012, 47, 146.
82 J. A. Harrison and D. W. Brenner, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 10399.
83 S. M. Hsu, J. Zhang and Z. Yin, Tribol. Lett., 2002, 13, 131. 84 C. L. Rountree, R. K. Kalia, E. Lidorikis, A. Nakano, L. Van Brutzel and P. Vashishta, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 2002, 32, 377.
85 K. Muralidharan, J. H. Simmons, J. H. Deymier and K. Runge, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2005, 351, 1532.
86 M. J. Buehler, Atomistic Modeling of Materials Failure, Springer, New York, 2008.
87 F. Musso, P. Ugliengo, X. Solans-Monfort and M. J. Sodupe, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2010, 114, 16430.
88 S. Giordano, A. Mattoni and L. Colombo, in Reviews in Computational Chemistry, ed. K. B. Lipkowitz, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2011, pp. 1–83.
89 F. Delogu, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, 115, 21230.
90 V. V. Boldyrev, Experimental Methods in the Mechano- chemistry of Inorganic Solids, Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1983 (in Russian).
91 E. G. Avvakumov, Mechanical Methods for Activation of Chemical Processes, Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1986 (in Russian). 92 P. Yu. Butyagin, Usp. Khim., 1994, 63, 1031.
93 Advances in Mechanochemistry: Physical and Chemical Processes under Deformation, ed. P. Yu. Butyagin and A. Dubinskaya, Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, 1998.
94 F. Kh. Urakaev and V. V. Boldyrev, Powder Technol., 2000, 107, 93.
95 F. Kh. Urakaev and V. V. Boldyrev, Powder Technol., 2000, 107, 197.
96 I. F. Vasconcelos and R. S. de Figuereido, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2003, 107, 3761.
97 P. L. Houston, Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics, Dover, New York, 2006.
98 G. S. Chodakov, Physics of Milling, Nauka, Moscow, 1972 (in Russian).
99 V. Klika and F. Marsˇı´k, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2009, 113, 14689. 100 V. I. Levitas, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.,
2004, 70, 184118.
101 P. Yu. Butyagin, Russ. Chem. Rev., 1971, 40, 901.
102 V. I. Levitas, Y. Ma, J. Hashemi, M. Holtz and N. Guven, J. Chem. Phys., 2006, 125, 044507.
103 V. I. Levitas and O. M. Zarechnyy, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2007, 91, 141919.
104 V. I. Levitas and O. M. Zarechnyy, Europhys. Lett., 2009, 88, 16004.
105 V. I. Levitas, Y. Ma, E. Selvi, J. Wu and J. A. Patten, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2012, 85, 054114. 106 A. P. Zhilyaev and T. G. Langdon, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2006,
53, 893.
107 F. Delogu, Scr. Mater., 2012, 67, 340. 108 F. Delogu, Acta Mater., 2008, 56, 905.
109 Experimental and Theoretical Studies in Modern Mechano- chemistry, ed. F. Delogu and G. Mulas, Transworld Research Network, Trivandrum, 2010.
110 High-Energy Ball Milling. Mechanochemical Processing of Nanopowders, ed. M. Sopicka-Lizer, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2010.
111 B. Leory, Am. J. Phys., 1985, 53, 346.
112 F. Delogu and G. Cocco, J. Alloys Compd., 2007, 436, 233. 113 F. Delogu, Scr. Mater., 2008, 58, 126.
114 F. Delogu, Acta Mater., 2008, 56, 2344. 115 F. Delogu, Acta Mater., 2011, 59, 2069.
116 M. J. Buerger, Phase Transformations in Solids, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1951.
117 C. N. R. Rao and K. J. Rao, Phase Transitions in Solids, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1978.
118 G. L. Clark and R. Rowan, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 1302. 119 F. Dachille and R. Roi, Nature, 1960, 186, 34.
120 D. Lewis, D. O. Northwood and R. C. Reeve, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 1969, 2, 156.
121 I. J. Lin and S. Niedzwiedz, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1973, 56, 62. 122 M. Senna and H. Kuno, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1971, 54, 259. 123 M. Senna, Cryst. Res. Technol., 1985, 20, 209.
124 J. H. Burns and M. A. Breding, J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 25, 1281.
125 J. C. Jamieson and J. R. Goldsmith, Am. Mineral., 1960, 45, 818.
126 N. Kawashima and K. Meguro, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1975, 48, 1857.
127 J. M. Criado and J. M. Trillo, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1975, 71, 961.
128 G. Martı´nez, J. Morales and G. Munuera, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1980, 81, 500.
129 R. B. Gammage and D. R. Glasson, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1976, 55, 396.
130 T. Isobe and M. Senna, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1988, 84, 1199.
131 Y. Iguchi and M. Senna, Powder Technol., 1985, 43, 155. 132 (a) J. M. Criado, M. J. Dia´nez and J. Morales, J. Mater. Sci.,
2004, 39, 5189; (b) P. Bala´zˇ, A. Calka, A. Zorkovska´ and M. Bala´zˇ, Mater. Manuf. Processes, 2012, DOI: 10.1080/ 10426914.2012.709294.
133 I. J. Lin and P. Somasundaran, Powder Technol., 1972, 6, 171.
134 J. J. Lin, S. Nadiv and D. J. M. Grodzian, Miner. Sci. Eng., 1975, 7, 313.
135 K. A. Gross, Philos. Mag., 1965, 12, 805.
136 R. Schrader and B. Hoffmann, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1969, 369, 41.
137 P. G. Fox and J. Soria-Ruiz, Proc. R. Soc., 1970, A314, 429. 138 A. W. Momber, J. Mater. Sci., 2010, 45, 750.
139 J. M. Criado, F. Gonza´lez and J. Morales, Thermochim. Acta, 1979, 32, 99.
140 G. Martinez, J. Morales and G. Munuera, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1981, 81, 500.
141 J. M. Criado and C. Real, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1983, 79, 2765.
142 J. M. Criado, C. Real and J. Soria, Solid State Ionics, 1989, 32–33, 461.
143 S. Begin-Colin, T. Girot, G. Le Ca¨er and A. Mocellin, J. Solid State Chem., 2000, 149, 41.
144 X. Pan and M. Xueming, J. Solid State Chem., 2004, 177, 4098.
145 S. Begin-Colin, A. Gadalla, G. Le Ca¨er, O. Humbert,
F. Thomas, G. Barses, F. Villieras, L. F. Toma,
G. Bertrand, O. Zahraa, M. Gallart, B. Honerlage and P. Gilliot, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2009, 113, 16589.
146 E. Arca, G. Mulas, F. Delogu, J. Rodriguez-Ruiz and S. Palmas, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, 477, 583.
147 J. Sˇubrt, J. M. Criado, L. Szatmary, M. J. Dia´nez, N. Murafa, L. Pe´rez-Maqueda and V. Brezova´, Int. J. Photoenergy, 2011, 156941.
148 S. Palmas, A. M. Polcaro, J. Rodriguez-Ruiz, A. Da Pozzo, A. Vacca, M. Mascia, F. Delogu and P. C. Ricci, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34, 9662.
149 F. Delogu, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, 468, 22.
150 G. Liu, X. Wang, Z. Chen, H. M. Cheng, G. Qing and M. Lu, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2009, 329, 331.
151 G. W. Lee, S. Y. Bsng, C. Lee, W. M. Kim, D. Kim, K. Kim and N. G. Park, Curr. Appl. Phys., 2009, 9, 900.
152 M. Rezaee and S. M. M. Khoie, J. Alloys Compd., 2010, 507, 484.
153 T. P. Ang, J. Y. Law and Y. F. Han, Catal. Lett., 2010, 139, 77. 154 M. Rezaee, S. M. M. Khoie and K. H. Liu, CrystEngComm,
2011, 13, 5055.
155 J. Li, S. Yin, Y. Wang and T. Sato, J. Catal., 2012, 286, 273. 156 M. Senna, N. Myers, A. Aimable, V. Laporte, C. Pulgarin, O. Baghriche and P. Bowen, J. Mater. Res., 2012, 28, 354. 157 S. Yin, Q. Zhang, F. Saito and T. Sato, in High Energy Ball
Milling, ed. M. Sopicka-Lizer, CRC Press, Washington DC, 2010, pp. 304–330.
158 J. Judes and V. Kamaraj, Mater. Sci.-Pol., 2009, 27, 407. 159 J. M. Criado, M. Gonza´lez, M. J. Dia´nez, L. A. Pe´rez-
Maqueda and J. Ma´lek, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2007, 68, 824. 160 C. Frondel and C. Palache, Science, 1948, 107, 602. 161 H. Kuwamoto, J. Mater. Sci., 1985, 4, 940.
162 M. Farkas-Jahnke and P. Ga´cs, Krist. Tech., 1979, 14, 1475. 163 E. T. Allen, J. L. Crenshaw and H. E. Merwin, Am. J. Sci.,
1912, 34, 341.
164 M. A. Schort and E. G. Steward, Z. Phys. Chem., 1957, 13, 298.
165 K. Imamura and M. Senna, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1982, 78, 1131.
166 M. Senna, in Proceedings of International Symposium on Powder Technology, Kyoto, 1981, pp. 457–464.
167 P. Bala´zˇ, Z. Bastl, J. Briancˇin, I. Ebert and J. Lipka, J. Mater. Sci., 1992, 27, 653.
168 (a) J. Y. Huang, H. Yasuda and H. Mori, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2000, 83, 403; (b) Z. P. Xia and Z. Q. Li, J. Alloys Compd., 2006, 436, 170; (c) Y. J. Du, F. Q. Guo and K. Lu, Nanostruct. Mater., 1996, 7, 579; (d) A. N. Streletskii, D. G. Permenov, K. A. Streletzky, B. B. Bokhonov and A. V. Leonov, Colloid J., 2010, 72, 544.
169 A. N. Streletskii, D. G. Permenov, B. B. Bokhonov, I. V. Kolbanev, A. V. Leonov, I. V. Berestetskaya and K. A. Streletzky, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, 483, 313.
170 (a) G. Mestl, B. Herzog, R. Schlogl and H. Knozinger, Langmuir, 1995, 11, 3027; (b) G. Mestl, N. F. D. Verbruggen, E. Bosch and H. Knozinger, Langmuir, 1996, 12, 2996; (c) V. A. Polubojarov, S. N. Kiselevich, O. A. Kirichenko, I. A. Pauli, Z. A. Korotaeva, S. P. Dektjarev and A. I. Ancharov, Inorg. Mater., 1998, 34, 1365.
171 A. N. Streletskii, I. V. Kolbanev, A. Ju. Dolgoborodov and A. B. Borunava, Combustion and Explosion, ed. S. M. Frolov, Torus Press, Moscow, 2011, vol. 4, pp. 166–171 (in Russian).
172 (a) F. Salver-Disma, J.-M. Taraskon, C. Clinard and J.-N. Rouzaud, Carbon, 1999, 37, 1941; (b) H. Hermann, T. Schubert, W. Gruner and N. Mattern, Nanostruct. Mater., 1997, 8, 215; (c) N. J. Welham, V. Berbenni and P. G. Chapman, J. Alloys Compd., 2003, 349, 255; (d) Y. Chen, J. Fitz Gerald, L. T. Chadderton and L. Chaffron, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1999, 74, 2782; (e) T. D. Shen, W. Q. Ge, K. Y. Wang, M. X. Quan, J. T. Wang, W. D. Wei and C. C. Koch, Nanostruct. Mater., 1996, 7, 393.
173 A. N. Streletskii, I. V. Kolbanev, A. B. Borunova and P. Yu. Butyagin, in Experimental and Theoretical Studies
in Modern Mechanochemistry, ed. F. Delogu and
G. Mulas, Transworld Research Network, Trivandrum, 2010, pp. 169–182.
174 (a) E. Gaffet and M. Harmelin, J. Less Common Met., 1990, 157, 201; (b) B. B. Bochonov, I. J. Konstanchuk and V. V. Boldyrev, J. Alloys Compd., 1993, 191, 239;
(c) T. D. Shen, C. C. Koch, T. L. McCormick,
R. J. Nemanich, J. V. Huang and J. G. Huang, J. Mater. Res., 1995, 10, 139; (d) C. C. Koch, T. D. Shen and Y. Fahmy, Mater. Sci. Forum, 1997, 235, 487; (e) T. D. Shen, I. Shmagin, C. C. Koch, R. M. Kolbas, Y. Fahmy, L. Bergman, R. J. Nemanich, M. T. McClure, Z. Sitar and M. X. Quan, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1997, 55, 7615; ( f ) N. Sˇtevulova´, V. Sˇepela´k and K. Tka´cˇova´, Chem. Sust. Develop., 1998, 6, 243.
175 (a) A. N. Streletskii, A. V. Leonov, I. V. Berestetskaja, S. N. Mudretsova, A. F. Maiorova and P. Yu. Butyagin,
J. Metastable Nanocryst. Mater., 2002, 13, 187;
(b) A. N. Streletskii, A. V. Leonov and P. Yu. Butyagin, Colloid J., 2001, 63, 630.
176 (a) A. N. Streletskii, I. V. Kolbanev, V. A. Radzig and A. B. Borunava, Programme and the Book of Abstracts of 13th Annual Conference Yucomat, Herceg Novi, 2011, p. 14; (b) A. N. Streletskii, I. V. Kolbanev and A. B. Borunava, Colloid J., 2013, in press.
177 K. L. Da Silva, D. Menzel, A. Feldhoff, C. Kubel, M. Bruns, A. Paezano, A. Duvel, M. Wilkening, M. Ghafari, F. J. Litterst, P. Heitjans, K. Becker and V. Sˇepela´k, J. Phys. Chem., 2011, 115, 7209.
178 (a) D. Oleszak and P. H. Shingu, J. Appl. Phys., 1996, 79, 2975; (b) C. C. Koch, Nanostruct. Mater., 1997, 9, 13; (c) E. P. Elsukov, G. A. Dorofeev, A. I. Ul’janov,
A. V. Zagajnov and A. N. Maratkanova, Phys. Met. Metallogr., 2001, 91, 258; (d) E. P. Yelsukov, G. N. Konygin, V. E. Porsev and E. V. Voronina, Czech. J. Phys., 2006, 56(S3), E31. 179 (a) H. J. Fecht, Nanostruct. Mater., 1995, 6, 33; (b) N. R. Tao,
Z. B. Wang, W. P. Tong, M. L. Sui and K. Lu, Acta Mater., 2002, 50, 4603; (c) S. Li, K. Wang, L. Sun and Z. Wang, Scr. Metall. Mater., 1992, 27, 437.
180 L. S. Vasil’ev and I. L. Lomaev, Phys. Met. Metallogr., 2006, 101, 386.
181 J. Eckert, J. Holzer, C. E. Krill and W. L. Johnson, J. Mater. Res., 1992, 7, 1751.
182 J. Eckert, Nanostruct. Mater., 1995, 6, 413. 183 P. Yu. Butyagin, Dokl. Khim., 1993, 331, 311. 184 F. A. Mohamed, Acta Mater., 2003, 51, 4107.
185 (a) P. Yu. Butyagin, I. V. Berestetskaya, I. V. Kolbanev and I. K. Pavlyshev, Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1986, LX, 343; (b) K. Awasthi, R. Kamalakaran, A. K. Singh and O. N. Srivastava, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2002, 27, 425; (c) S. Hynek, W. Fuller and J. Bentley, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1997, 22, 601.
186 R. A. Andrievski, Usp. Fiz. Nauk, 2007, 177, 721.
187 P. Wang, S. Orimo, T. Matsushima and H. Fujii, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2002, 80, 318.
188 P. Yu. Butyagin, A. N. Streletskii, I. V. Berestetskaja and A. B. Borunava, Colloid J., 2001, 63, 639.
189 (a) A. N. Streletskii, D. G. Permenov, B. B. Bokhonov, A. V. Leonov and S. N. Mudretsova, Colloid J., 2010, 72, 553; (b) J. Kim, S. Lee, Y. R. Uhm, J. Jun, C. K. Rhee and G. M. Kim, Acta Mater., 2011, 59, 2807; (c) Y. Lin, T. V. Williams, W. Cao, H. E. Elsayed-Ali and J. W. Connell, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2010, 114, 17434.
190 E. Gaffet, F. Faudot and M. Harmelin, Mater. Sci. Forum, 1992, 88–90, 375.
191 E. Gaffet, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 1991, 136, 161.
192 E. Gaffet, F. Faudot and M. Harmelin, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 1991, 149, 85.
193 E. Gaffet and J. P. Gaspard, J. Phys., Suppl. Coll. C, 1990, 4, 205.
194 E. Gaffet and G. Le Cae¨r, in Encyclopaedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, ed. H. S. Nalwa, American Scientific Publishers, New York, 2004, vol. 5, pp. 91–129.
195 B. J. Pawlak, T. Gregorkiewicz, C. A. J. Ammerlaan, W. Takkenberg, F. D. Tichelaar and P. F. A. Alkemade, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 2001, 64, 115308.
196 T. D. Shen, I. Shmagin, C. C. Koch, R. M. Kolbas, Y. Fahmy, L. Bergman, R. J. Nemanich, M. T. McClure, Z. Sitar and M. X. Quan, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1997, 55, 7615. 197 A. N. Streletskii, S. N. Mudretsova, A. F. Maiorova, J. C. van Miltenburg and P. Yu. Butyagin, Colloid J., 2001, 63, 635. 198 A. N. Streletskii, A. V. Leonov, I. V. Beresteskaya, S. S. Mudretsova, A. F. Majorova and P. Yu. Butyagin, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2002, 187, 386.
199 C. Diaz-Guerra, A. Montone, J. Piqueras and F. Cardellini, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 2002, 17, 77.
200 V. Sˇvrcˇek, J.-L. Rehspringer, E. Gaffet, A. Slaoui and J.-C. Muller, J. Cryst. Growth, 2005, 275, 589.
201 F. Q. Guo and K. Lu, Philos. Mag. Lett., 1998, 77, 181. 202 G. J. Fan, F. Q. Guo, Z. Q. Hu, M. X. Quan and K. Lu, Phys.
Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1997, 55, 11010.
203 Y. H. Zhao, Z. H. Jin and K. Lu, Philos. Mag. Lett., 1999, 79, 747.
204 A. Caro and H. Van Swygenhoven, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 2001, 63, 134101.
205 T. Nasu, F. Araki, O. Uemura, T. Usuki, Y. Kameda, S. Takahashi and K. Tokumitsu, J. Metastable Nanocryst. Mater., 2001, 10, 203.
206 Y. Tani, Y. Shirakawa, A. Shimosaka and J. Hidaka, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2001, 779, 293.
207 J. Y. Huang, Acta Mater., 1999, 47, 1801.
208 N. J. Welham and J. S. Williams, Carbon, 1998, 36, 1309. 209 T. D. Shen, W. Q. Ge, K. Y. Wang, M. X. Quan, J. T. Wang,
W. D. Wei and C. C. Koch, Nanostruct. Mater., 1996, 7, 393.
210 F. Salver-Disma, J.-M. Tarascon, C. Clinard and
J.-N. Rouzaud, Carbon, 1999, 37, 1941.
211 F. Disma, L. Aymard, L. Dupont and J.-M. Tarascon, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1996, 143, 3959.
212 F. Salver-Disma, C. Lenain, B. Beaudoin, L. Aymard and J.-M. Tarascon, Solid State Ionics, 1997, 98, 145.
213 R. Janot and D. Guerard, Carbon, 2002, 40, 2887.
214 (a) R. Janot and D. Guerard, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2005, 50, 1; (b) J. P. Boudou, P. A. Curmi, F. Jelezko, J. Wrachtrup, P. Aubert, M. Sennour, G. Balasubramanian, R. Reuter, A. Thorel and E. Gaffet, Nanotechnology, 2009, 20, 235602. 215 I. J. Lin and S. Nadiv, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1979, 39, 193. 216 J. M. Criado and C. Real, Solid State Ionics, 1989, 32–33, 461. 217 M. Senna, Cryst. Res. Technol., 1985, 20, 209.
218 A. M. Flank, P. Lagarde, J.-P. Itie´, A. Polian and G. R. Hearne, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2008, 77, 224112.
219 V. Swamy, A. Kuznetsov, L. S. Dubrovinsky, P. F. McMillan, V. B. Prakapenka, G. Shen and B. C. Muddle, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 96, 135702.
220 T. Isobe and M. Senna, J. Solid State Chem., 1991, 93, 358. 221 T. Isobe and M. Senna, J. Solid State Chem., 1991, 93, 368. 222 C. C. Zyryanov, Russ. Chem. Rev., 2008, 77, 105.
223 V. Sˇepela´k, S. M. Becker, I. Bergmann, S. Indris, M. Scheuermann, A. Feldhoff, C. Ku¨bel, M. Bruns, N. Stu¨rzl, A. S. Ulrich, M. Ghafari, H. Hahn, C. P. Grey, K.-D. Becker and P. Heitjans, J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22, 3117. 224 T. Rojac, B. Malicˇ, M. Kosec, M. Połomska, B. Hilczer, B. Zupancˇicˇ and B. Zalar, Solid State Ionics, 2012, 215, 1. 225 (a) V. Sˇepela´k, D. Baabe, D. Mienert, D. Schultze,
F. Krumlich, F. J. Litterst and K. D. Becker, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2003, 257, 377; (b) V. Sˇepela´k, I. Bergmann, S. Kipp and K. D. Becker, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 2005, 631, 993; (c) V. Sˇepela´k, P. Druska and U. Steinike, Mater. Struct., 1999, 6, 100; (d) V. Sˇepela´k, S. Wibmann and K. D. Becker, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1999, 203, 135; (e) T. Verdier, V. Nachbaur and M. Jean, J. Solid State Chem., 2005, 178, 3243.
226 (a) M. Menzel, V. Sˇepela´k and K. D. Becker, Solid State Ionics, 2001, 141–142, 663; (b) A. M. Bolarin-Miro,
P. Vera-Serna, F. S. De Jesus, C. A. Cortees-Escobedo and A. Martinez-Luevanos, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., 2011, 22, 1024.
227 (a) O. Helgason and J. Z. Jiang, Hyperfine Interact., 2002, 139/140, 325; (b) G. F. Goya and H. R. Rechenberg, Mater. Sci. Forum, 1999, 302–303, 406.
228 Z. H. Zhou, J. M. Xue, J. Wang, T. Yu and Z. X. Shen, J. Appl. Phys., 2002, 91, 6015.
229 C. Jovalekic, M. Zdujic, A. Radakovic and M. Mitric, Mater. Lett., 1995, 24, 365.
230 (a) Y. Shi, J. Ding, X. Liu and J. Wang, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1999, 205, 249; (b) N. Guigue-Millot, S. Begin-Colin, Y. Champion, M. J. Hytch, G. Le Cae¨r and P. Perriat, J. Solid State Chem., 2003, 170, 30.
231 J. Ding, X. Y. Liu, J. Wang and Y. Shi, Mater. Lett., 2000, 44, 19.
232 (a) Y. Sui, W.-H. Su, F.-L. Zheng and D.-P. Xu, Mater. Sci. Eng., 2000, A286, 115; (b) E. Manova, B. Kunev, D. Paneva, I. Mitov, L. Petrov, Cl. Estournes, C. D’Orleans, J.-L. Rehspringer and M. Kurmoo, Chem. Mater., 2004, 16, 5689. 233 H. M. Widatallah, C. Jonhson, S. H. Al-Harthi, A. M. Gismelseed, A. D. Al-Rawas, S. J. Stewart, M. E. Elzain, I. A. Al-Omari and A. A. Yousif, Hyperfine Interact., 2008, 183, 87.
234 M. Niyaifar Ramani, M. C. Radhakrishna, A. Hassnpour, M. Mozaffari and J. Amighian, Hyperfine Interact., 2008, 184, 161.
235 A. Gonza´lez-Angeles, J. Lipka, A. Gruskova´, V. Jancˇa´rik, I. To´th and J. Sla´ma, Hyperfine Interact., 2008, 184, 135. 236 R. A. Borzi, J. Stewart, G. Punte, R. C. Mercader,
G. Cernicchiaro and F. Garcia, Hyperfine Interact., 2003, 148/149, 109.
237 F. J. Berry, X. Ren, J. R. Gancedo and J. F. Marco, Hyperfine Interact., 2004, 156/157, 335.
238 (a) S. C. Zanatta, L. F. Co´tica, A. Paesano Jr., S. N. de Medeiros, J. B. M. da Cunha and B. Hallouche, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2005, 88, 3316; (b) A. Piesano, S. C. Zanatta, S. N. de Medeiros, L. F. Cotica and J. B. M. da Cunha, Hyperfine Interact., 2005, 161, 211; (c) B. Dong, H. Yang, L. Yu, Y. Cui, W. Jin and S. Feng, J. Mater. Sci., 2007, 42, 5003.
239 (a) L. B. Kong, J. Ma, H. T. Huang, W. Zhu and O. K. Tan, Mater. Lett., 2001, 50, 129; (b) V. V. Zyryanov, Sci. Sintering, 2005, 37, 77; (c) M. Alguero, C. Alemany, B. Jimenez, J. Holc, M. Kosec and L. Pardo, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2004, 24, 937.
240 V. V. Zyryanov, Inorg. Mater., 2000, 36, 54.
241 (a) V. V. Zyryanov, Russ. Chem. Rev., 2008, 77, 105; (b) J. Xue, D. Wan, S.-E. Lee and J. Wang, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1999, 82, 1687; (c) Z. Brankovic, G. Brankovic and J. A. Varela, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2004, 24, 1945; (d) V. P. Isupov, L. E. Chupakhina and R. P. Mitrofanova, J. Mater. Synth. Process., 2000, 8, 251; (e) V. V. Boldyrev, Russ. Chem. Rev., 2006, 75, 203.
242 I. Odeh, A. Fatah, D. Lehlooh and S. H. Mahmood, Hyperfine Interact., 2008, 183, 25.
243 H. M. Widatallah, A. M. Gismelseed, K. Bouziane, F. J. Berry, A. D. Al Rawas, I. A. AL-Omari, A. A. Yousif and M. E. Elazain, Hyperfine Interact., 2004, 156/157, 223. 244 G. F. Goya, H. R. Rechenberg and J. Z. Jiang, Mater. Sci.
Forum, 1999, 312–314, 545.
245 L. C. Sa´nchez, A. M. Calle, J. D. Arboleda, J. J. Beltran, C. A. Barrero, J. Osorio and K. Nomura, Hyperfine Interact., 2008, 183, 117.
246 M. R. Goldwasser, M. E. Rivas, E. Perez-Zurita,
M. L. Cubeiro, A. Grivobal-Constant and G. Leclercq, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 2005, 228, 325.
247 R. G. Shetkar and A. V. Salker, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2010, 26, 1098.
248 A. Rajarabar-Darvishi, W.-L. Li, O. Sheikhejad-Bishe, L.-D. Wang, X.-L. Li, N. Li and W.-D. Fei, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2011, 21, s400.
249 W. Q. Ni, X. H. Zheng and J. C. Yu, J. Mater. Sci., 2007, 42, 1037.
250 M. Senna, T. Kinoshita, Y. Abe, H. Kishi, C. Ando, Y. Doshida and B. Stojanovic, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2007, 27, 4301.
251 B. D. Stojanovic, A. Z. Simoes, C. O. Paiva-Santos, C. Jovalekic, V. V. Mitic and J. A. Varela, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2005, 25, 1985.
252 K. Wieczorek-Ciurowa and K. Gamrat, Mater. Sci.–Poland, 2007, 25, 219.
253 P. Dulian and K. Wieczorek-Ciurowa, Proceedings of 54th PTChem and SITPChem Meeting, Lublin, 2011, p. 347. 254 C.-M. Wang, S.-Y. Lin, K.-S. Kao, Y.-C. Chen and
S.-C. Weng, J. Alloys Compd., 2010, 491, 423.
255 W.-X. Yuan and S. K. Hark, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2012, 32, 465.
256 Y. Yan, L. Jin, L. Feng and G. Cao, Mater. Sci. Eng., B, 2006, 130, 146.
257 K. Wieczorek-Ciurowa, P. Dulian, A. Nosal and
J. Domagała, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2010, 101, 471. 258 A. F. L. Almeida, R. S. de Oliveira, J. C. Go´es, J. M. Sasaki,
A. G. Souza Filho, J. Mendes Filho and A. S. B. Sombra, Mater. Sci. Eng., B, 2002, 96, 275.
259 S. K. Manik and S. K. Pradhan, Phys. E., 2006, 33, 160. 260 P. Dulian, K. Wieczorek-Ciurowa, W. Ba˛k and C. Kajtoch,
Program and the Book of Abstracts 10th Young Researchers’ Conference Materials Science and Engineering, Belgrade, 2011, p. 12.
261 P. Dulian, K. Wieczorek-Ciurowa, W. Ba˛k, C. Kajtoch and T. Sikora, Book of Abstracts 10th International Conference Solid State Chemistry, Pardubice, 2012, p. 136.
262 K. Wieczorek-Ciurowa, P. Dulian, W. Ba˛k and C. Kajtoch, Przem. Chem., 2011, 90, 1400.
263 P. Dulian, K. Wieczorek-Ciurowa, W. Ba˛k, C. Kajtoch and T. Sikora, Book of Abstracts 10th International Conference Solid State Chemistry, Pardubice, 2012, p. 63.
264 E. A. Patterson, S. Kwon, C.-C. Huang and D. P. Cann, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2005, 87, 182911.