Toposintaxis de segundo nivel

price whi ch vrould be paid to dairy farme rs in the t1ana•,..ratu , in the

1970/7 1

dairying s e ason . Al l co s t curves presented in this chapter,

are based upon an int erest rate for the Group One re sour c e s of six per cent and an int are s t rate of s even per c ent for the Group Two re sourc e s .

8 . 3 ::>HOR'l' RuN .�.J LONG .:i.UJ'f AVE!U\G::; COS'l' CURV?�::; - CONS'l'A:.\'T MI LKFAT PER CO'vl

1 �

_I Co s t Curve s derived from the First Seri e s o f Co s t Revenue Ratios Figure 8 . 2 shovts the fi f t e en short run avera&e co st curve s and the long r�� average c o s t Clrrve cons t ructe d from the fi rst s erie s of c o s t revenue ratio s

.

Hi th one except i o n ,

_2/

the co st revenue ratios of al l short run

avera�e cost curves , decl ine cont inuously as gro3 s farm income increases .

Consequent ly , with o ne exception , the lowest co st revenue of e ach sub­

class i s re co rded at the cut-off po int.

:E'urther , for comparable cut -off IJOi nt s , the co st revenue ratio s

increa3e as one _moves from plant s i z e one to !Jlant si z e five . 'l'hi s is

due to t he increase in the per uni t costs o f '.i'o t al �os t

(A)

a3 one move s

from plant s i z e one t o plant s i z e five o nd the fact t hat p e r unit gro s s farm income a1;proxima t e s l H l do l lars per co1' , over the complete range of plant and h erd s i z es studi e d . As di scus s e d in s e c t i on 7 . 6 , the increase in the per unit co s t s of 'l'o tal 1 ;o s t ( A ) is du e to the increas e

in the per unit cost o f e::'I£lloyed labour b.-jine o f suffi ci ent magnitude to dffset all o ther cash co st decrease s .

In the case of p lant s i z e s two to five , wi thin each o f the three sub­ c las s e s of e ach plant s i z e , the c o s t revenue ratios decl ine as one move s

from the cut -off point o f subclas s

(

a

)

to the cut -off point o f subc lass

(

c

)

. Such a reduction is due t o the ctecreas e in the per unit co s t s of Total Co s t ·

(

A

)

. In t he case of p lant si � e one , hovtever , the l owest co st revenue ratio i s recorded at t he cut -off po int o f subclass ( b ) . In the

case of plant s i ze one subclass

(

c

)

, the per unit increase in t he cost s

of casual and contract labour on farms o f herd s i ze in exces s of

120

cows ,

i s of suffici ent magni tude to offset al1 o ther cash co s t decreas es and

cons�quent ly the cost revenue rati o at t i l e cut -o ff point i s ereater than

that at the cut-off point of subclass

(

b

) .

5 .

'rhe exception i s the short run average co st curve . o f p lant s i z e one

subclass

(

c

)

. The loHest co s t revenue ratio of this parti cular short

As tpe re sources which comprise the fixed ylrillt are no t c ontinuous ly divi sible , the long run avera5e co s t curve is set�ented. It i s important to not e that the l ong run averaGe co st r, J_trve compri s es s egment s of al l fift e en

_2./

short run averag-e c o s t curve s. Thus each subclass of each p lant s i z e , repre s ent c; the l e c:. s t cost wa:r and hence mo s t profi tab l e Hay

of pro ducin£ parti cular range s o f gro s s farm incowe . AlthOUGh i t i s

not possib:i.e t o dra\.; an envel ope curve tan,:;ent t o the short run average

co s t curves , the nature o f the l ong run average co s t curve can be examine d oy :

a ) Dravring a line '.vhi ch i s t angen t to the sho r t run average

cost curve of plant size one su bclas s

(

a

)

.

b ) Extending such a line throu.::;h t h e cut-off p o int s of

comparab l e subclasse s.

_2/

1 70

A line o f thi s nature , Hil l for the remainder o f the di s cus sion , be termed

a t race _curve. In Figure 8 . 2 , the t race curve i s dravm through the cut-

off point s of subclass

(

c

)

and i s repre sented by the l ine 'l'C - 'l'C ' . The

trace curve in }

,

ieure 8 . 2 is "u " shar,e a. The ini t i al point i s the

s tart point o f the short run avera.:;e eo,; t curve o f p l ant s i z e one , sub­

C l a.:; s ( a ) ,

_!i/

the loH point i s the low po int of the short run ave rage

cost curve of p lan t size one subclass

(

c

)

a:'ld. the fir.al point i s the

cut-o ff point o f plan t s i z e five subcl<h:s

( c) .

2 ) Co st Curve s Derived frorr. the :1e co::1d Seri e s o f' _{Co s t Revenue Rat i o s} Figure 8 . ) shoHs the sho rt run averase c o s t curves and t he long run averar:;e c o s t curve cons truct e d from the second serie s o f co s t revent:.e

rat i o s •

. Again Hith the except ion o f the short run avera8"e c o s t curve of

plant s i z e one subcla::os ( c ) , the cost revenue rat i o s of al l short run

6 . }'or each o f tne t en L.R.A.C. curves ·wh i ch can be d rawn fo r e ach level of m i lkfat pri ce , the L . R . A . C . curve is s egmented and compri s e s s eg­ ment s of all fift een

S .R . A . C .

curves . Further in a l l case s , the

L . R . A . C . incl ude s the ent ire S.R.A.C. curve o f p lant si ze one subclas s ( a ) . 7 . In c ircumstan c e s when a

.S.R.A.G.

curve i s "u" shaped , the l ine shoul d

be drawn t angent to the 10\v _{point of t he}

S . R . A . C .

_{curve in que st ion}

rat h e r than through the cut -off point . The l i ne should be such that

it t races out the shortest di stance between comparabl e cut -off point s .

8 ,

l<'or a l l trace curves , the ini tial point i s the start point o f plant s i z e one , subclas s ( a) .

In document Krzysztof Wodiczko, arte y discurso visual: apuntes semióticos a una apuesta artística crítica (página 90-96)