PRIME COAT, BITUMEN etc.31, 32, 33, 3431, 32, 33, 34
Refer to footnote Refer to footnote
14.8.1
14.8.1 Field Density andField Density and Pavement Thickness Pavement Thickness (using cores)
(using cores)3535
ASTM D3549, ASTM D3549,
BS EN 12697-29, BS EN 12697-29, BS EN 12697-36 BS EN 12697-36
1 test per 200t per 1 test per 200t per layer for Base Course layer for Base Course
1 test per 100t per 1 test per 100t per layer for Wearing layer for Wearing Course
Course
Refer to footnote Refer to footnote
14.8.2
14.8.2 Extraction Extraction andand Gradation of Gradation of Bituminous
Bituminous
Concrete Mix and Concrete Mix and Determination of Determination of Binder Content (or Binder Content (or Asphalt Content) Asphalt Content) Also known as Also known as Mechanical Analysis Mechanical Analysis of Extracted of Extracted Aggregate
Aggregate
AASHTO T
AASHTO T30, T37,30, T37, T164, T168, T308, T164, T168, T308, ASTM C136, D546, ASTM C136, D546,
D2172, D5444, D6307, D2172, D5444, D6307, BS EN 933-1,
BS EN 933-1, BS EN 12697-1, BS EN 12697-1, BS EN 12697-2, BS EN 12697-2, BS EN 12697-39 BS EN 12697-39
Every change in Every change in Job Job Mix Formula (JMF) Mix Formula (JMF)
14.8.3
14.8.3 Maximum Maximum SpecificSpecific Gravity (GMM, ST) Gravity (GMM, ST)
ASTM D2041, ASTM D2041, BS EN 12697-5 BS EN 12697-5
Every change in Job Every change in Job Mix Formula (JMF) Mix Formula (JMF)
31
31 Footnote 37: The terms Bitumen and/or Asphalt refers to any material with the similar characteristic as theFootnote 37: The terms Bitumen and/or Asphalt refers to any material with the similar characteristic as the common bitumen and/or asphalt.
common bitumen and/or asphalt. Hence all tests Hence all tests mentioned regarding bitumen and/or mentioned regarding bitumen and/or asphalt shall be carriedasphalt shall be carried out for any material with the similar characteristics as bitumen and/or asphalt at the specified frequency.
out for any material with the similar characteristics as bitumen and/or asphalt at the specified frequency.
32
32 Footnote 38 Bitumen testing will have to be carried out by the Contractor at the specified frequency, Footnote 38 Bitumen testing will have to be carried out by the Contractor at the specified frequency, irrespective of the fact whether the same tests have been carried out by the bitumen manufacturer or supplier.
irrespective of the fact whether the same tests have been carried out by the bitumen manufacturer or supplier.
33
33 Footnote 39: Sampling of material and preparation of samples shall be in accordance with AASHTO T2, T40, Footnote 39: Sampling of material and preparation of samples shall be in accordance with AASHTO T2, T40, T168, T248, ASTM C702, D140, D979, BS EN 58 (BS 2000-474), BS EN 12594 (BS 2000-461), BS EN T168, T248, ASTM C702, D140, D979, BS EN 58 (BS 2000-474), BS EN 12594 (BS 2000-461), BS EN 12697-27, BS EN 12697-28, BS EN 12697-29, BS EN 12697-30, BS EN 12697-33 or equivalent as applicable.
27, BS EN 12697-28, BS EN 12697-29, BS EN 12697-30, BS EN 12697-33 or equivalent as applicable.
34
34Footnote 40: Materials conforming to Asphalt Binder (ASTM D946), Prime Coat Cutback AsphaltFootnote 40: Materials conforming to Asphalt Binder (ASTM D946), Prime Coat Cutback Asphalt – – Slow Curing Slow Curing Type (ASTM D2026), Medium Curing Type (AASHTO M82, ASTM D2027), Rapid Curing Type (AASHTO M81, Type (ASTM D2026), Medium Curing Type (AASHTO M82, ASTM D2027), Rapid Curing Type (AASHTO M81, ASTM D2028), Tack Coat Emulsifie
ASTM D2028), Tack Coat Emulsifie d Asphalt (AASHTO M140, ASTM M208, D977, D2397, d Asphalt (AASHTO M140, ASTM M208, D977, D2397, BS 434-1), BS 434-1), Viscosity- Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cement (AASHTO M226, ASTM D3381), Penetration Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cement (AASHTO M20), Graded Asphalt Cement (AASHTO M226, ASTM D3381), Penetration Graded Asphalt Cement (AASHTO M20), Prime Coat, Bitumen Binder of all penetration grades, Paving Grade Bitumens (BS EN 12591), Hard Paving Prime Coat, Bitumen Binder of all penetration grades, Paving Grade Bitumens (BS EN 12591), Hard Paving Grade Bitumens (BS EN 13924), Cutback Bitumen (BS EN 15322), Polymer Modified Bitumens (BS EN 14023), Grade Bitumens (BS EN 13924), Cutback Bitumen (BS EN 15322), Polymer Modified Bitumens (BS EN 14023), Oxidised Bitumens (BS EN 13304), Hard Industrial Bitumens (BS EN 13305) etc or equivalent as applicable.
Oxidised Bitumens (BS EN 13304), Hard Industrial Bitumens (BS EN 13305) etc or equivalent as applicable.
35
35 Footnote 41: 1 test (or 1 sample) refers to a pair of adjacent cores (150 mm diameter for intermediate and Footnote 41: 1 test (or 1 sample) refers to a pair of adjacent cores (150 mm diameter for intermediate and base course and 100 mm diameter for wearing course).
base course and 100 mm diameter for wearing course). If asphalt is layed in two or If asphalt is layed in two or more layers for any of more layers for any of thethe course, the coring and testing shall be completed for the first layer before the commencement of asphalt laying course, the coring and testing shall be completed for the first layer before the commencement of asphalt laying for the subsequent layer(s).
for the subsequent layer(s).
Material /Section / Activity Material /Section / Activity1, 21, 2 & &
the Required
the Required TTestsests MethodMethod33 MinimumMinimum Frequency
Frequency4, 54, 5 RemarksRemarks 14.8.4
14.8.4 Marshall PropertiesMarshall Properties of Bituminous of Bituminous Concrete Mix Concrete Mix (Stability, Flow, Air (Stability, Flow, Air Voids, VMA) & Loss Voids, VMA) & Loss of Marshall Stability of Marshall Stability
AI MS-2,
AI MS-2, AASHTO TAASHTO T166,166, T209, T245, T269, T209, T245, T269, T275,
T275, ASTM D1
ASTM D1188, D2041,188, D2041, D2726, D3203, D6926, D2726, D3203, D6926, D6927,
D6927,
BS EN 12697-5, BS EN 12697-5, BS EN 12697-6, BS EN 12697-6, BS EN 12697-8, BS EN 12697-8, BS EN 12697-29, BS EN 12697-29, BS EN 12697-34, BS EN 12697-34, BS EN 12697-35 BS EN 12697-35
14.8.5 Bitumen Bitumen (Prime(Prime Coat, Tack Coat etc) Coat, Tack Coat etc) –
– Rate of Application Rate of Application
ASTM D2995
ASTM D2995 Each source Each source
Change in material Change in material
1 per 250 m 1 per 250 m22
1 1 every 75m every 75m per per lanelane 14.8.6
14.8.6 Penetration Penetration ofof Bitumen &
Bitumen &
Penetration of Penetration of Residue (Also Residue (Also known as Needle known as Needle Penetration)
Penetration)
ASTM D5
ASTM D5 Each source Each source
Each batch Each batch
Change in material Change in material
AASHTO T48,48, ASTM D92, D3143, ASTM D92, D3143,
BS EN ISO 2592 (BS
Each source Each source
Change in material Change in material
1 test per 450 t of 1 test per 450 t of bitumen
bitumen
14.8.8
14.8.8 Solubility of BitumenSolubility of Bitumen AASHTO T AASHTO T44,44, ASTM D2042, ASTM D2042, BS EN 12592 BS EN 12592
Each source Each source
Change in material Change in material
1 test per 450 t of 1 test per 450 t of bitumen
bitumen 14.8.9
14.8.9 Ductility of BitumenDuctility of Bitumen
& Ductility of
& Ductility of Residue
Residue
ASTM D1
ASTM D11313 Each source Each source
Change in material Change in material
Film of Asphalt) Film of Asphalt)
ASTM D2872
ASTM D2872 Each source Each source
Change in material Change in material
1 test per 450 t of 1 test per 450 t of bitumen
bitumen
It is sufficient to carry It is sufficient to carry out either TFOT or out either TFOT or RTFOT.
RTFOT.
Material /Section / Activity Material /Section / Activity1, 21, 2 & &
the Required
the Required TTestsests MethodMethod33 MinimumMinimum Frequency
Frequency4, 54, 5 RemarksRemarks 14.8.11
14.8.11 Softening Point ofSoftening Point of Bitumen (Ring &
Bitumen (Ring &
Ball)
Ball) – – Temperature Temperature Susceptibility
Susceptibility
ASTM D36
ASTM D36 Each source Each source
Each batch Each batch
Change in material Change in material
1 test per 75 t of 1 test per 75 t of bitumen
bitumen 14.8.12
14.8.12 Kinematic ViscosityKinematic Viscosity of Bitumen
of Bitumen
AASHTO T AASHTO T201,201, ASTM D445, D2170, ASTM D445, D2170,
BS EN 12595 (BS BS EN 12595 (BS 2000-319)
319)
Each source Each source
Change in material Change in material
1 test per 500 t of 1 test per 500 t of bitumen
bitumen 14.8.13
14.8.13 Determination Determination ofof Water in Bitumen Water in Bitumen
AASHTO T AASHTO T55,55, ASTM D95 ASTM D95
Each source Each source
Change in material Change in material
1 test per 500 t of 1 test per 500 t of bitumen
bitumen 14.8.14
14.8.14 Compaction Compaction andand Shear Properties Shear Properties of Bituminous of Bituminous Mixtures
Mixtures
ASTM D3387
ASTM D3387 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
Strength of
Strength of
Bituminous Mixtures Bituminous Mixtures (Also known as Loss (Also known as Loss of Stability Test) of Stability Test)
AASHTO T AASHTO T165,165,
ASTM D1075 ASTM D1075
As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.16
14.8.16 Layer Layer ThicknessThickness Verification (Falling Verification (Falling Weight
Weight
Deflectometer -Deflectometer -FWD)
FWD)3636
AASHTO R32, AASHTO R32,
ASTM D4694, D5858 ASTM D4694, D5858
Minimum of 3 tests per Minimum of 3 tests per site
site
1 test every 3000 m 1 test every 3000 m22 after compaction of the after compaction of the final layer
final layer
Refer to footnote Refer to footnote
14.8.17
14.8.17 Layer Layer ThicknessThickness Verification (Ground Verification (Ground Penetrating Radar) Penetrating Radar)4242
AASHTO R37, AASHTO R37,
ASTM D6087, D6432 ASTM D6087, D6432
Minimum of 3 tests per Minimum of 3 tests per site
site
1 test every 3000 m 1 test every 3000 m22 after compaction of the after compaction of the final layer
final layer
Refer to footnote Refer to footnote
14.8.18
14.8.18 Layer Layer ThicknessThickness Verification (Trial Verification (Trial Pit)
Pit)3737
BS 5930 or In situ test BS 5930 or In situ test method approved by the method approved by the Engineer
Engineer
As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
Refer to footnote Refer to footnote
14.8.19
14.8.19 Layer Layer ThicknessThickness Verification (Cone Verification (Cone Penetrometer Test) Penetrometer Test)4343
ASTM D3441, D5778
ASTM D3441, D5778 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
Refer to footnote Refer to footnote
36
36 Footnote 42: The Contractor may carry out any one of the tests deemed suitable for theFootnote 42: The Contractor may carry out any one of the tests deemed suitable for the site in consultation with the
site in consultation with the EngineerEngineer..
37
37 Footnote 43: Should the Engineer decide to conduct any of these tests, the frequency of Footnote 43: Should the Engineer decide to conduct any of these tests, the frequency of testing shall be ‘Minimum of 3 tests
testing shall be ‘Minimum of 3 tests per site’ or ‘1 test everyper site’ or ‘1 test every 3000 m3000 m22 after compaction of the after compaction of the final layer’
final layer’ whichever comes first. whichever comes first.
Material /Section / Activity Material /Section / Activity1, 21, 2 & &
the Required
the Required TTestsests MethodMethod33 MinimumMinimum Frequency
Frequency4, 54, 5 RemarksRemarks 14.8.20
14.8.20 Layer Layer ThicknessThickness (Volumetric Patch (Volumetric Patch Technique)
Technique)4343
BS EN 13036-1
BS EN 13036-1 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
Refer to footnote Refer to footnote
14.8.21
14.8.21 Layer Layer ThicknessThickness Verification (Light Verification (Light Weight Deflector Weight Deflector (LWD)
(LWD)4343
ASTM E2583
ASTM E2583 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
Refer to footnote Refer to footnote
14.8.22
14.8.22 InternationalInternational
Roughness Index Roughness Index -IRI (Ride Quality) IRI (Ride Quality) using Multi Laser using Multi Laser Profiler (MLP)
Profiler (MLP)
ASTM E950, E1 ASTM E950, E1170,170,
E1926
E1926 Each lane of the road Each lane of the road throughout the full throughout the full length of the road length of the road
14.8.23
14.8.23 Ride Ride Quality,Quality, Smoothness (using Smoothness (using 3m straight edge) 3m straight edge)
AASHTO R40
AASHTO R40 1 test every 15 m per 1 test every 15 m per lane (longitudinal and lane (longitudinal and transverse)
transverse)
Measurements are to be Measurements are to be taken longitudinally and taken longitudinally and transversely
transversely
14.8.24
14.8.24 Rolling Rolling StraightStraight Edge Test (Also Edge Test (Also
known as
known as
Measurement of Measurement of Pavement
Pavement Deflection) Deflection)
AASHTO T AASHTO T256,256, ASTM D4695 ASTM D4695
1 complete lane (full 1 complete lane (full length of the road) per length of the road) per carriage way in each carriage way in each traffic direction traffic direction
14.8.25
14.8.25 Slip/Skip ResistanceSlip/Skip Resistance of Surface
of Surface
ASTM E2340
ASTM E2340 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.26
14.8.26 Water Water SensitivitySensitivity Test (Lottman Test) Test (Lottman Test) Also known as Also known as Tensile Strength Tensile Strength Ratio Test
Ratio Test
AASHTO T AASHTO T283,283, ASTM D4867 ASTM D4867
As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.27
14.8.27 Elastic Recovery ofElastic Recovery of Modified Bitumen Modified Bitumen (Ductility)
(Ductility)
AASHTO T AASHTO T301,301, ASTM D6084 ASTM D6084
Each source Each source
Each batch Each batch
Change in material Change in material
1 test per 450 t of 1 test per 450 t of bitumen
bitumen
Specific for elastomer or Specific for elastomer or blend of blend of elastomer-plastomer polymers plastomer polymers
14.8.28
14.8.28 Accelerated Accelerated AgingAging Using Pressure Using Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Aging Vessel (PAV) for Modified Bitumen for Modified Bitumen –
Each source Each source
Each batch Each batch
Change in material Change in material
1 test per 450 t of 1 test per 450 t of bitumen
bitumen
Specific for plastomer Specific for plastomer type polymers
type polymers
Material /Section / Activity Material /Section / Activity1, 21, 2 & &
the Required
the Required TTestsests MethodMethod33 MinimumMinimum Frequency
Frequency4, 54, 5 RemarksRemarks 14.8.29
14.8.29 Flexural Flexural CreepCreep Stiffness of Modified Stiffness of Modified Bitumen
Bitumen – – Bending Bending Beam Rheometer Beam Rheometer (BBR) Also known (BBR) Also known as Low Temperature as Low Temperature Flexibility
Flexibility
AASHTO T AASHTO T313,313, ASTM D6648 ASTM D6648
Each source Each source
Each batch Each batch
Change in material Change in material
1 test per 450 t of 1 test per 450 t of bitumen
bitumen
Specific for plastomer Specific for plastomer type polymers
type polymers
It is sufficient to carry It is sufficient to carry out either
out either BBR or DTT.BBR or DTT.
14.8.30
14.8.30 Fracture PropertiesFracture Properties of Modified Bitumen of Modified Bitumen –
– Direct Direct TensionTension Test (DTT)
Test (DTT)
AASHTO T
AASHTO T314314 Each source Each source
Each batch Each batch
Change in material Change in material
1 test per 450 t of 1 test per 450 t of bitumen
bitumen
Specific for plastomer Specific for plastomer type polymers
type polymers
It is sufficient to carry It is sufficient to carry out either
out either BBR or DTT.BBR or DTT.
14.8.31
14.8.31 RheologicalRheological
Properties of Properties of Modified Bitumen Modified Bitumen – – Dynamic Shear Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) Rheometer (DSR)
AASHTO T AASHTO T315,315, ASTM D7175 ASTM D7175
Each source Each source
Each batch Each batch
Change in material Change in material
1 test per 450 t of 1 test per 450 t of bitumen
bitumen
14.8.32
14.8.32 Storage Stability ofStorage Stability of Modified Bitumen Modified Bitumen
AASHTO T AASHTO T316,316, ASTM D4402 ASTM D4402
As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.33
14.8.33 Dynamic Viscosity ofDynamic Viscosity of Bitumen
Bitumen
AASHTO T AASHTO T316,316, ASTM D4402 ASTM D4402
As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
ASTM D93 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.35
14.8.35 Specific Gravity ofSpecific Gravity of Semi-Solid
Semi-Solid
Bituminous Material Bituminous Material (Pycnometer
(Pycnometer Method) Method)
AASHTO T AASHTO T228,228, ASTM D70 ASTM D70
As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
BS 598-1 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.37
14.8.37 Viscosity - Bitumen,Viscosity - Bitumen, Asphalt (Vacuum Asphalt (Vacuum Capillary
Capillary
Viscometer, Saybolt, Viscometer, Saybolt, Saybolt Fural, Cone Saybolt Fural, Cone
& Plate)
& Plate)
AASHTO T AASHTO T202,202, ASTM D88, D2171, ASTM D88, D2171,
D3205, E102 D3205, E102
As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.38
14.8.38 Sealants and FillersSealants and Fillers for Joints and
ASTM D5329 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
Material /Section / Activity Material /Section / Activity1, 21, 2 & &
the Required
the Required TTestsests MethodMethod33 MinimumMinimum Frequency
Frequency4, 54, 5 RemarksRemarks 14.8.39
14.8.39 Quality Control forQuality Control for Asphalt
Asphalt
Manufacturing Manufacturing Plants
Plants
ASTM D4561
ASTM D4561 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.40
14.8.40 Requirements Requirements forfor Agencies Testing Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials and Paving Materials
ASTM D3666
ASTM D3666 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.41
14.8.41 Spot Spot Test Test ofof Asphaltic Materials Asphaltic Materials
AASHTO T
AASHTO T102102 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.42
14.8.42 Determination Determination ofof Cement Content in Cement Content in Cement-Treated Cement-Treated Aggregate Aggregate
AASHTO T
AASHTO T211211 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.43
14.8.43 Testing Testing Lime Lime forfor Chemical
Chemical
Constituents and Constituents and Particle Sizes
Particle Sizes
AASHTO T
AASHTO T219219 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.44
14.8.44 TemperatureTemperature
Measurement -Measurement -Asphalt Mix
Asphalt Mix
BS EN 12697-13
BS EN 12697-13 Each Truck Each Truck3838 Refer to footnoteRefer to footnote
14.8.45
14.8.45 Resistance Resistance toto Plastic Flow
Plastic Flow
ASTM D5581
ASTM D5581 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.46
14.8.46 Determination of aDetermination of a Volatile Distillate Volatile Distillate Fraction - Cold Fraction - Cold Asphalt Mixtures Asphalt Mixtures
ASTM D6627
ASTM D6627 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.47
14.8.47 Moisture or VolatileMoisture or Volatile Distillates -Distillates -Bituminous Paving Bituminous Paving Mixtures
Mixtures
ASTM D1461
ASTM D1461 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
14.8.48
14.8.48 Asphalt Content -Asphalt Content -Bituminous Mixtures Bituminous Mixtures by the Nuclear by the Nuclear Method
Method
ASTM D4125
ASTM D4125 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
38
38 Footnote 44: The temperature of the hot asphalt shall be measured for each truck load before the asphalt is Footnote 44: The temperature of the hot asphalt shall be measured for each truck load before the asphalt is deposited into the hopper.
deposited into the hopper. The temperature for the The temperature for the same asphalt truck load shall be checked again same asphalt truck load shall be checked again before thebefore the compaction (ie, after it has been through the feeder and on the ground ready for compaction).
compaction (ie, after it has been through the feeder and on the ground ready for compaction).
Material /Section / Activity Material /Section / Activity1, 21, 2 & &
the Required
the Required TTestsests MethodMethod33 MinimumMinimum Frequency
Frequency4, 54, 5 RemarksRemarks 14.8.49
14.8.49 AcceleratedAccelerated
Weathering -Weathering -Bituminous
Bituminous Materials Materials
ASTM D4798, 4799
ASTM D4798, 4799 As per the Engineer’s As per the Engineer’s request
request
Material /Section / Activity
Material /Section / Activity1, 21, 2 & the & the Required Tests
Required Tests MethodMethod33 MinimumMinimum Frequency
Frequency4, 54, 5 RemarksRemarks
14.9
14.9 REINFORCING REINFORCING STEEL, STEEL, COUPLERS, COUPLERS, WELDEDWELDED