4.2. Transporte Internacional
4.2.3. Transporte Aéreo
Adam—(1) A character in the Bible; also in ‘Paradise Lost’ by Milton.
(2) In Shakespeare’s ‘As You Like It’–an aged servant of Orlando.
(3) In Shakespeare’s ‘Comedy of Errors’–Officer known by his dress, a skin coat.
Aladdin—A well-known character in the ‘Arabian Nights’, in possession of the magic ring and lamp.
Alice—A little girl in ‘Alice in Wonderland’ and ‘Through the Looking Glass’ by Lewis Carrol.
Ariel—In‘The Tempest’ by William Shakes- peare, an airy Spirit which is controlled by Prospero.
Anna Karenina—The heroine of the novel of the same name by Leo Tolstoy.
Ancient Mariner—A character in the poem of the same name by S. T. Coleridge, who describes his supernatural experiences to the wedding guests.
Antonio—A character in ‘The Merchant of Venice’ by Shakespeare, Shylock the cruel money lender, is bent on taking one pound of flesh from his body.
Bassanio—A friend of Antonio in ‘The Merchant of Venice.’
Beatrix—Heroine in W.M. Thackeray’s novel ‘Henry Esmond.’
Beatrice—Heroine of Shakespeare’s ‘Much Ado About Nothing.’ She plays a delightful role and is famous for her witty dialogues.
Christian—An allegorical character and hero of ‘The Pilgrim’s Progress’ of John Bunyan.
Hyde—The mysterious character in ‘Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ by R. L. Stevenson.
Macbeth—A model of overweening ambition in Shakespeare’s play of the same name.
Micawber—A comic character in Charles Dicken’s novel ‘David Copperfield.’ He is a type of the optimist for whom something may turn up.
Oliver Twist—A poor orphan boy and hero of Charles Dicken’s novel of the same name.
Dr. Zhivago—The hero of the novel of the same name by Boris Pasternak. He is shown as a critic of Bolshevism.
TIGER RESERVES OF INDIA
(As on January 1, 2012)
S.N. Name of Park State Year of
Estab- lished Total Area (sq. km.) 1. Achanakmar Chhattisgarh 2009 553·286
2. Annamalai Tamil Nadu 2.4.2007 958·59
3. Bandhavgarh Madhya
Pradesh
1993-94 1161·471
4. Bandipur Karnataka 1973-74 880
5. Bhadra Karnataka 1998-99 451·69
6. Buxa West Bengal 1982-83 760·92
7. Corbett Uttarakhand 1973-74 1318·54 8. Dampa Mizoram 1994-95 500 9. Dandeli-Anshi Karnataka 2007 875 10. Dudhwa Uttar Pradesh 1987-88 883·739 Katerniaghat Extension Uttar Pradesh 1999- 2000 551 11. Indravati Chhattisgarh 1982-83 2799·086 12. Kalakad- Mundathurai Tamil Nadu 1988-89 895 13. Kanha Madhya Pradesh 1973-74 1945 14. Kaziranga Assam 2006 859 15. Manas Assam 1973-74 2837 16. Melghat Maharashtra 1973-74 1676·49
17. Mudumalai Tamil Nadu 2007 321
18. Nagarhole Karnataka 1999- 2000 643·39 19. Nagarjunsagar- Srisailam Andhra Pradesh 1982-83 3568·09 20. Namdapha Arunachal Pradesh 1982-83 1985·245 21. Nameri Assam 1999- 2000 344 22. Pakhui Arunachal Pradesh 1999- 2000 861·95 23. Palamau Jharkhand 1973-74 1026 24. Panna Madhya Pradesh 1994-95 542·67 25. Parambikulam Kerala 2007 648·5 26. Pench (Maharashtra) Maharashtra 1992-93 664·3 27. Pench (M.P.) Madhya Pradesh 1992-93 757·86 28. Periyar Kerala 1978·79 777 29. Ranthambhore Rajasthan 1973-74 1334·64
30. Sanjay Dubri Madhya
Pradesh 2008 831 31. Satkosia Odisha 2007 964 32. Satpura Madhya Pradesh 1999- 2000 1486 33. Sariska Rajasthan 1978-79 866 34. Shahyadri Maharashtra 2008-09 741·22 35. Simlipal Odisha 1973-74 2750
36. Sunderbans West Bengal 1973-74 2585
37. Tadoba-Andhari Maharashtra 1993-94 575·78
38. Udanti-Sitanadi Chhattisgarh 2008 1580
39. Valmiki Bihar 1989-90 840·26
MOSQUES OF INDIA
S.N. Mosques Places
1. Adina Mosque Pandua (Malda
West Bengal)
2. Atala Masjid Jaunpur
3. Alai Darwaja Delhi
4. Adhai-Dinka Jhopra Ajmer
5. Andu Mosque Bijapur
6. Bara-sona Mosque, Gaur West Bengal
7. Begapuri Mosque Delhi
8. Bara-Gumbad-Mosque Delhi
9. Chamkati Mosque, Gaur West Bengal
10. Jami Masjid Jaunpur
11. Jami Masjid Mandu
12. Jama Masjid Delhi
13. Jami Mosque Hyderabad
14. Jamali-Kamali Mosque Delhi
15. Jami Mosque Bidar
16. Jami Masjid Fatehpur Sikari
17. Zanjiri Mosque Bijapur
18. Kamal Maula Mosque Dhar
19. Kali Masjid Delhi
20. Kalam Mosque Delhi
21. Khirki Mosque Delhi
22. Lal Mosque Dhar
23. Lal Masjid Jaunpur
24. Maloh Muglis Mosque Mandu
25. Moti Masjid Agra
26. Moth ki Masjid Delhi
27. Makka Masjid Hyderabad
28. Madani Masjid Srinagar
29. Qala-L-Kuhin-Mosque Delhi
30. Sdidi Said Masjid Ahmedabad
31. Sayyid Muhammad Ghaus Masjid
Ahmedabad
32. Shah Alam-Mosque Delhi
33. Sola Khamba Mosque Bidar
34. Shat Hamadam Masjid Srinagar
35. Tahtipara Mosque, Gaur West Bengal
36. Toli Mosque Hyderabad
FIRST IN DIFFERENT FIELDS
FIRST IN SPACE
The first cosmonaut to spend about 171
2 days in
space endurance flight
Adrin Nikolayev and Vitaly Sevastyanosov in Soyuz-9 (June 1, 1970) The first person in the
world to land on the moon
Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. of U.S.A.Armstrongwasthe first to set foot on the moon followed by Aldrin. July 21, 1969.
Thefirstman toenter space
Major Yuri Gagarin (Russian)
The first woman cosmo- naut of the world
Velentina Tereshkova
ThefirstAmerican astro- naut to float in space
Edward White
The first unmanned space ship to have soft-landed and lifted off from the moon to return to the earth
Luna–16 (U.S.S.R.) Sept. 21, 1970
The first manned space vehicletolandonthe moon
Lunar Exploration Mo’dule (LEM) nick- named ‘Eagle’ The first space ship which
carried three American astronauts to land two of them on the moon
Apollo–11
The first country to send man to the moon
U.S.A.
The first space-vehicle to orbit the moon
Luna–10 (U.S.S.R.)
The first unmanned moon buggy to explore surface of the moon
Lunakhod-1 (U.S.S.R.)
The first space rocket brought back to earth after orbiting the moon
Zond-5
First crew transfer between the orbiting spaceships
Soyuz T-15 with Mir Space Station
The first mission of a link-up in space by manned spaceships of U.S.A.and Soviet Union
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Mission (ASTP) (launched on July 15 and linked up in space on July 17, 1975)
India’s first scientific satellite
Aryabhatta
The first man to fly into space belonging to a country other than Russia or the U.S.A.
Vladimir
Russia’s first space ship with international crew on board.
Soyuz–28
The first country to send nuclearpoweredspace craft to explore Jupiter
U.S.A.
The First Indian to go into space
Sq. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma
The first to launch earth satelliteorartificial baby moon
U.S.S.R.
ThefirstRussiancosmo- naut to make two space flights
Late Col. Vladimir Komarov
The first American as- tronaut to make two space flights
Gordon Cooper (U.S.A.)
The first country to launch a cosmic space rocket towards moon
U.S.S.R.
The first space rocket to hit the moon
Lunik II
The first spaceship in the world to sample moon’s crust
Surveyor–3 (U.S.A.)
The first space vehicle to soft land on moon
Luna 9 (U.S.S.R.)
The first manned space ship to perform the longeststayinspace(11 days)
Apollo–7 (U.S.A.)
The first manned space- ship to perform space flight round the moon
Apollo–8 (U.S.A.)
The first American manned spaceship to perform crew transfer in space
Apollo–9 (U.S.A.)
The first woman of Indian origin in space
Kalpana Chawla
The first residents on the International Space Station
BillShepherd(USA), Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev(Russia) The first space tourist in
the world
Dennis Tito (U.S.A.) The second space tourist
in the world and the first of South Africa
Mark Shuttleworth
The first space shuttle of the USA exploded in the mid air a few minutes before landing killing all the seven astronauts
Columbia
China’s first man in space Yang Liwei
European Space Agency’s first moon probe craft
SMART-I
India’s first educational satellite
Edusat (launched on Sept. 20, 2004)
India’s first prospective moon mission
Chandrayaan
The first mapping satellite
CARTOSAT-1 (India, 2005) NASA first spacecraft
which brought Comet dust samples to earth
Stardust (January 15, 2006)
The first satellite in the European Union’s Galileo satellite navigation programme launched
Giove-A (Dec. 28, 2005)
India’s first space capsule recovered safely to the earth
SRE–I (Jan. 2007)
FIRST IN SPORTS
The first Indian (among women) to swim across the English Channel
Miss Aarati Saha (Now Mrs. Aarati Gupta)
The first Indian (among men) to swim across the English Channel
Mihir Sen
The first person to ski down Mount Everest
Yuichiro Miura of Japan
The first Indian to win World Billiards Trophy
Wilson Jones
The first black player to win the Wimbledon men’s singles title
Arthur Ashe (U.S. 1975)
First Indian woman to climb Mount Everest
Bachhendri Pal
First Indian Grand Mas- ter (in Chess)
Vishwanathan Anand
The first man to win 4 Olympic Gold Medals
Alvin Kranzein (U.S.A.) in 1900
The first lawn tennis player who won the Wimbledon champion- shipforfiveyears conse- cutively
Bjorn Borg
The first batsman in the world to score centuries against all the other 8 test playing nations
Steve Wough (Australia)
The first country whose cricket team won 15 test matchesinarowand makes history in the history of cricket
The youngest Cricketer to score a century
Mohammad Asharful of Bangladesh
The first woman cricketer of India to score double century and making world record
Mithali Raj
The first Indian lady to register a win in the Wimbledon Tennis
Sania Mirza (July 2003)
The first Indian Woman athlete to win a medal in world Athletics Cham- pionship
Anju B. George (Aug. 2003)
The first woman cricketer to score double century
Mithali Raj (India)
The first woman cricketer to score the highest ever runs
Kiran Baloch (Pakistan)
The Indian cricketer earning the distinction of taking the highest number of test wickets
Anil Kumble (435 Dec. 2004)
The first woman to swim across the seven seas and five continents
Bula Chaudhary (India, 2005) 2006 FIFA World Cup’s
Best Young Player
Lukas Podolski (Germany) First person from Africa
to be appointed as the new President of the ICC (International Cricket Council)
Percy Sonn (South Africa). July 7, 2006
First Batsman who scored double century in One Day International Cricket
Sachin Tendulkar
First Cricket who has taken 800 wickets in Test cricket
Muttiah Muralitharan
First Indian Cricketer who scored fifty one century in Test cricket
Sachin Tendulkar
FIRST EXPEDITIONERS
The first person to reach the North Pole by over- land Journey
Robert Peary
Thefirstpersontoreach theSouth Pole
Amundsen
The first person to have climbed Mount Everest
SherpaTenzing(19th May,1953)
The first person to sail round the world
Magellan
The first woman to con- quer Mount Everest
Mrs. Junko Tabei (of Japan)
Thefirstmantohave climbed Mount Everest twice
Nawang Gombu
The first vessel ever to reach the North Pole by sailing through the thick Arctic ice
Soviet Arktika Atomic- powered (ice-breaker)
The leader of the ex- pedition ‘Ocean to Sky’
Sir Edmund Hillary The first two moun-
taineers who reached the summit of Everest without using oxygen
Peter Habeler (Austrian) and Reinhold Messner (Italian)
The first person to reach North Pole by 7 dogs sledge
Naomi Uemura (Japanese) The leader of the 1st
Indian Antarctica Expe- dition
Z. A. Kasim
The first Pakistani to scale Mt. Everest
Nazir Sabir The first youngest per-
son to scale Mt. Everest
Tsembe Tseri (May 2001) The first blind man to
reach Mt. Everest
Eric Weihenmayer (U.S.A., May 25, 2001) Thefirstmantoflyacross
the English Channel without an aircraft
Felix Baumgartner (Austrian : July 2003) The first to climb Mt.
Everest the largest number of times
Appa Sherpa of Nepal (14 times)
The first woman ever to climb Mt. Everest four times
Lakpa Sherpa of Nepal (4th time, May 19, 2004) The first person to
circumnavigate the globe on a solo, non-stop, non- refuelled flight
Steve Fossett (USA) (March, 2005)
The first person to fly in a hot air balloon to the highest height ever attained
Vijaipat Singhania (India) Nov. 2005. Height : 69852 ft.
FIRST / LAST HEADS OF STATE
The first woman Prime Minister of a country
Mrs. S. Bhandarnaike (Sri Lanka)
The first President of the U.S.A.
George Washington The first President of the
Chinese Republic
Sun Yet Sen The first Governor
General of Pakistan
Mohd. Ali Jinnah The last king of France Napolean III The first scientist
President of India
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam The first democratically
elected Head of State of Iraq
FIRST VISITORS AND INVADERS
The first European to visit China
Marco Polo The first Chinese pilgrim
to visit India
Fahien The first European in- vader on Indian soil
Alexander, the Great
POLITICS
The first woman Presi- dent of Republic of India
Smt. Pratibha Patil The first U.S. President
to resign Presidency
Richard Nixon The first woman ambas-
sador of Britain
Anne Warburton The first woman Prime
Minister of a European Country
Margaret Thatcher
The first woman Prime Minister of France
Mrs. Edith Cressan The first Prime Minister
of Pakistan who is depo- sed and exiled
Nawaz Shariff
The first labour Prime Minister of England to join this office twice in succession
Tony Blair
The first woman Prime Minister of South Korea
Ms. Chang Sang The first US President
to invade a sovereign country unilaterally
George W. Bush (inva- sion of Iraq on March 20, 2003).
The Chief U.S. Civilian Administrator in Iraq
Paul Bremer The first democratically
elected Prime Minister of Iraq
Ibrahim-el-Jaafari (7th April, 2005) The first U.S. lady to be
elected as the speaker of the House of Represen- tatives
Nancy Pelosi (Jan., 2007)
The first Dalit to takeover as Chief Justice of India
K. G. Balakrishnan (Jan. 14, 2007)