Departamento de Psicología, Florida Atlantic University Davie, Florida,
TRASTORNOS ESPACIALES
Jamie Kirkpatrick (University of Tasmania, Australia) provided insights and constructive
criticism at all stages of this research. Andrew Silcocks and Mike Weston (BirdLife Australia) facilitated access to the Birds Australia ‘Atlas II’ database. Amy Hahs (Australian Research
Centre for Urban Ecology) provided access to her dataset of remotely sensed landscape metrics. Jukka Jokimäki (University of Lapland, Finland) for suggesting this line of enquiry.
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Conole•Fearfulness & bird urbanisation in an Australian metropolis Table: Correlation matrix — model terms.
Model term mFID σ Mass cvFID Incidence
mFID . . . . .
σ . . . . .
Mass . . . . –.
cvFID . . . . .
Incidence . . –. . .
Table: Relative importance of model terms —relaimpoanalysis. Proportion of variance explained by model =.%
Predictor lmg pmvd last first
mFID . . . .
σ . . . .
Mass . . . .
cvFID . . . .
Table: Linear regression model selection output ranked byAICc—best models.
Model AICc Weights
Incidence ~ +cvFID –. .
Incidence ~ +cvFID+ Mass –. .
Incidence ~ +cvFID+σ –. .
Incidence ~ +cvFID+mFID –. .
Incidence ~ +cvFID+mFID+ Mass –. .
Incidence ~ +cvFID+ Mass +σ –. .
Incidence ~ +cvFID+mFID+σ –. .
Incidence ~ +cvFID+mFID+ Mass +σ –. .
Incidence ~ +mFID+σ –. .
Incidence ~ +σ –. .
Table: Kruskal-Wallis test results on FID and bird mass by clade Variable Kruskal-Wallisχ DF p–value
cvFID . .
mFID . .
Conole•Fearfulness & bird urbanisation in an Australian metropolis Figure: Strip plots of model term values
(a) Mean Flight Initiation Distance (mFID) plotted by urban tolerance clade
(b) Flight Initiation Distance Coefficient of Variation (cvFID) plotted by urban tolerance clade
Figure: Relative importance of model terms (MFID =mFID, SD =σ, Mass = bird mass (g),
CVFID =cvFID).
Figure: Summarised multiple paired comparisons ofmFIDby Clade. Clades which share
Conole•Fearfulness & bird urbanisation in an Australian metropolis
Figure: Positive correlation between the Coefficient of Variation of FID,cvFID(= CVFID),
and relative abundance (= INCIDENCE), R=., F
,=., p=.. Regression plot
plus% confidence intervals.
“. . . We
papered the world with numbers and names, but things survived . . . ” ‘Ode to Numbers’
Pablo Neruda ‘Elemental Odes’ (–)