SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
8. Trigonia reticulata Lleras, sp nov
a. Ask the students to complete the following table summarizing the origins of months of the year and the days of the week. Include both the Latin/Italian and English origins.
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January Janus Two-faced
god looking to Latin root words, modified by the prefix and suffixes. Examples given are words for time, place, size, and shape: Anachronism, Antediluvian, Antipode, Primeval, and Archipelago. Geographical names include mesa, Delta, Estuary, Longitude, Latitude, and Cloud.
c. Provide them this “Lesson Supplement: On Etymologies:”
i. Etymology of a word as the origin of that Word: The word etymology is derived from the Greek word ἐτυμολογία, etymologia, itself from ἔτυμον, etymon, meaning "true sense,"
and the suffix -logia, denoting "the study of."
ii. Around seventy-five per cent of English words come from Greek and Latin roots. Hence, you can multiply your word bank a hundredfold if you are familiar with these roots. Below are thirty common root words from Greek and Latin.
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Thirty Useful Greek and Latin Roots
Greek and Latin Roots Meaning Examples
Bios Life Biography, biology
Capt Take, hold, seize Capture, Captive
Cede, Cess Yield, give away Concede, recede
Chron Time Chronology, chronic
Cred Believe Credit, credible
Culpare Blame Culpable
Cosm World, universe Cosmic, cosmos
Dem People Democracy, endemic,
pandemic
Dic, dict Speak, say Dictator dictate
Duc, duct Lead Induct, conduct
Fac, fec Do, make Factory
Gamos Marriage Bigamy
Geo Earth Geographic, geocentric
Graph Write Graphic, graphology
Metron Measure Metronome, geometry
Mit, miss Send Remit, dismiss
Logos Study of, science of Biology, astrology
Pon, pos, posit Place Postpone, position
Ped Foot Pedestrian, biped
Phobia Fear Hydrophobia
Por Carry Portable, transport
Psyche Mind, life, soul Psyche, psychology
Pyr, pyros Fire Pyrotechnic, anti-pyretic
Scrip, script Write Scripture, inscribe
Spec Look Spectator, inspect
Stat Stand, put in place Statue, stature
Vers, vert Turn Versatile, convert
Vid, vis See Video, visualize
Voc, vok Call Invoke, vocation
Vol Wish Voluntary, benevolent
Terra Earth Terrain, terrestrial
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Prefixes change the meaning of the root word. Hence, recognizing prefixes and their meanings would help the learners build bigger word stores.
Prefixes Meanings Examples
Ab Away from Absent, abdicate
Bene Good Benefactor
Circum Around Circumference
Equi Equal Equidistant
Extra Outside Extra-curricular
Intra Within Intramural
Inter Among Intercontinental
Intro Into Introduce
Mal Bad Maltreat
Multi Many Multimillionaire
Mis Wrong Mistake
Non Not Non-existent
Syn Together with synagogue
Pre Before Premarital
Poly Many Polygon
Post After Postgraduate
Dis Opposite of Disrespectful
Dis Depriving of, away Disappear, disrobe
In (ie/il/im) Not, in, towards Insignificant, inbreed, infer Pro Before, in favor, moving
forward Prophet, propel, pro-labor Sub Under, below, lower in rank Submarine, subordinate,
subhuman Super Over and above, beyond Superman, supersonic Hyper Over, above, excessive Hyperbolic, hyperacidic
Hypo Under, beneath, below Hypodermal, hypoglycemic Trans Across, beyond Transcontinental, transcendental
Un Not, the opposite of Unclear
Com, con With, together Compartment, committee
Ex Out of, former Export, ex-mayor
De Down, away Descend, deport
Re Back, again, anew Repay, restore, re-elect Anti Against, reverse, prevents,
cures, neutralizes
Anti-labor, antiperistalsis, antitoxin, antacid A, an Of, off, not, without Akin, amentia, agnostic
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Another affix, the suffix, changes the meaning and use of the word. It is usually placed after the root of the word. This chart could help the learners master how suffixes indicate the uses of the words.
Suffix Meanings Part of Speech
formed by Suffix Examples
-ate To become,
to produce Verb Vaccinate, salivate
-ment
-ian One skilled in Noun Pediatrician
-ly In the manner of Adverb Politely
-able -ible
Worthy of, capable
of Adjective Adorable
Sensible
-less Without Adjective Senseless
Ize, ise
Again, suggest that there are myriad possibilities of combining roots, prefixes, and suffixes.
Concluding Learning Activities
1. Breaking Down Words. Break down the following words into their prefixes, suffixes, and roots. Then guess their meanings. An example is provided for you.
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Words Roots Prefixes Suffixes Meaning
Microcosmic Cosm
For the Students in these Tracts:
a. Academic Track – Subterranean, predictability, biogenetical, pandemic, inscription, blitzkrieg
b. Art and design- chiaroscuro, iconography, kinetic art, mural, simulacra zoomorphic
c. Tech-Voc – apprenticeship, flexicurity, benchmarking, pan frying, infertility d. Sports – aquabatics, decathlon, eggbeater, flamme rouge, haute école e. IA and IT – intranet, metadata, wire framing, software, website,
2. Etymology Discovery. After consulting a dictionary or the internet for the history of each word, write a two-sentence description of the origin of each.
a. Academic- chauvinism, malapropism, forum, gerrymander, gargantuan, namby-pamby, cabal,
b. Art and design- tragedy, nasty, muse (noun), paparazzi, graffiti c. Sports- marathon, nutmegged, soccer, basketball, hat trick, pomme d. Voc Tech- sandwich, French fries, chickpea, hackneyed, boycott,
,devilling,
e. IA and IT- Omnigraffle, Axure, bug, Apache, spam, virus, Google
Summary
1. The etymological stories behind words, like those of the months of the year and days of the week, can be both entertaining and thought-provoking. These origin stories though may be very different from the present meanings and uses of the words.
2. As a strategy for clarifying terms, etymological narratives could form the introduction of a concept paper.
3. The study of words, their roots, prefixes, and suffixes, could help the learners understand polysyllabic words, or form new words from these building blocks of words.