TRILOGÍA ELEMENTAL “RAM” PARA MODERAR EL ESTRÉS DOCENTE.

51 Boylston, Tom

From sickness to history : evil spirits, memory and responsibility in an Ethiopian market village / Tom Boylston - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2017), vol. 87, no. 2, p. 387-406.

ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; spirits; world view; capitalism.

This article discusses contemporary anxieties about 'buda' spirit attacks around a marketplace in Amhara region, Ethiopia. It asks how we get from the immediate experience of a 'buda' attack, an emotionally intense scene of sickness, fear and uncertainty, to a reflexive situation in which 'buda' becomes a vehicle for discussing and understanding deep historic concerns about market exchange. The author makes two main arguments: first, that apparent connections between spiritual attack and the spread of capitalism in fact reflect a deeper-lying opposition, on the part of landed elites, between moral hospitality and immoral exchange. Second, he shows how this historical consciousness develops from processes of verification and questioning through which immediate experiences of sickness and fear become interpretable as 'buda' attacks associated with particular human agents and historical relationships. The author argues that only by following this local epistemological work that we can understand how spirits become identifiable as historical agents within a web of other social relations. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]

52 Boylston, Tom

From sickness to history : evil spirits, memory and responsibility in an Ethiopian market village / Tom Boylston - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2017), vol. 87, no. 2, p. 387-406.

ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; spirits; world view; capitalism.

This article discusses contemporary anxieties about 'buda' spirit attacks around a marketplace in Amhara region, Ethiopia. It asks how we get from the immediate experience of a 'buda' attack, an emotionally intense scene of sickness, fear and uncertainty, to a reflexive situation in which 'buda' becomes a vehicle for discussing and understanding deep historic concerns about market exchange. The author makes two main arguments: first, that apparent connections between spiritual attack and the spread of capitalism in fact reflect a deeper-lying opposition, on the part of landed elites, between moral hospitality and immoral exchange. Second, he shows how this historical consciousness develops from processes of verification and questioning through which immediate experiences of sickness and fear become interpretable as 'buda' attacks associated with particular human agents and historical relationships. The author argues that only by following this local epistemological work that we can understand how spirits become identifiable as historical agents within a

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web of other social relations. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]

53 Emmenegger, Rony

Decentralization and the local developmental state : peasant mobilization in Oromiya, Ethiopia / Rony Emmenegger - In: Africa / International African Institute: (2016), vol. 86, no. 2, p. 263-287 : fig., krt.

ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; decentralization; local politics; State-society relationship.

This article explores the politics of decentralization and state-peasant encounters in rural Oromiya, Ethiopia. Breaking with a centralized past, the incumbent government of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) committed itself to a decentralization policy in the early 1990s and has since then created a number of new sites for state-citizen interactions. In the context of electoral authoritarianism, however, decentralization has been interpreted as a means for the expansion of the party-state at the grass-roots level. Against this backdrop, this article attempts a more nuanced understanding of the complex entanglements between the closure of political space and faith in progress in local arenas. Hence, it follows sub-kebele institutions at the community level in a rural district and analyses their significance for state-led development and peasant mobilization between the 2005 and 2010 elections. Based on ethnographic field research, the empirical case presented discloses that decentralization and state-led development serve the expansion of state power into rural areas, but that state authority is simultaneously constituted and undermined in the course of this process. On that basis, this article contributes to an inherently political understanding of decentralization, development and their entanglement in local and national politics in rural African societies. Bibliogr., notes, ref., summary in English and French. [Journal abstract]

54 Kebede, Kassahun

Generations apart : pre-immigration experiences and transnationalism among Ethiopian immigrants in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area / Kassahun Kebede - In: African Diaspora: (2016), vol. 9, no. 1-2, p. 128-157 : krt.

ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; United States; immigrants; international migration; generations; social environment; images.

This study of Ethiopian immigrants in the Washington, d.c. metropolitan area suggests that the continued involvement of immigrants with their place of origin is significantly shaped by pre-immigration and migration experiences. From the author's historically informed ethnographic work as well as the analysis of informants' pre-migration class and political backgrounds and the reasons why they left Ethiopia since the 1960s, three generations

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article the author explores the multiple and often contradictory narratives and discourses that characterize these generations. He also explores the ways in which the heterogeneity between the generations is manifested in their way of experiencing the United States, in their relationship with the homeland, and in the inter-generational interactions that bind them to one another. He uses this case study to argue that attending to pre-migration intra- as well as inter-generational differences in immigrants' experiences and views of their home and receiving countries will yield a fuller and more accurate picture of transnational migration. Bibliogr., notes, sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]

55 Mains, Daniel

Making the city of nations and nationalities : the politics of ethnicity and roads in Hawassa, Ethiopia / Daniel Mains and Eshetayehu Kinfu - In: The Journal of Modern African Studies:

(2016), vol. 54, no. 4, p. 645-669.

ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; road construction; ethnic relations; urban society.

This article examines the relationship between the politics of ethnicity and road construction in Hawassa, Ethiopia. The Ethiopian state has recently invested unprecedented amounts of money in the construction of urban roads. These roads both undermine and reinforce longstanding ethnic hierarchies within Ethiopian cities. Contrary to the image promoted by the state of harmony among residents of different ethnic backgrounds, this research reveals a great deal of tension, particularly concerning the distribution of benefits from state-led infrastructural development. The experiences of residents in rapidly changing neighbourhoods, demonstrate that the benefits of recent road construction are not necessarily distributed according to the policies of the current regime. Instead, historical inequalities interact with contemporary urban development in ways that may actually disrupt the state's vision of unity through diversity. Stratification is built into the city and attempts to reshape the city necessarily interact with recent and long-standing inequalities. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

56 Mosley, Jason

Frontier transformations : development visions, spaces and processes in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia / Guest editors: Jason Mosley and Elizabeth E. Watson - In: Journal of Eastern African Studies: (2016), vol. 10, no. 3, p. 452-475 : ill.

ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; Kenya; development planning; development plans; development projects.

African approaches to development have shifted, particularly in north-eastern Africa. Donor-driven policies have given way to state-led development 'visions', often with a focus on large-scale infrastructure projects. In Kenya and Ethiopia, these visions include flagship projects in the geographical frontiers, areas previously viewed as buffer zones, whose

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people have been historically marginalised. The papers presented in this special collection explore different aspects of some of these real and projected schemes and their outcomes. Contributions: Frontier transformations: development visions, spaces and processes in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia (Jason Mosley & Elizabeth E. Watson); ‘The land does not like them’: contesting dispossession in cosmological terms in Mela, south-west Ethiopia (Lucie Buffavand); The road to Kenya?: Visions, expectations and anxieties around new infrastructure development in Northern Kenya (Hassan H. Kochore); Planning, property and plots at the gateway to Kenya’s ‘new frontier’ (Hannah Elliott); Land-use change, territorial restructuring, and economies of anticipation in dryland Kenya (Clemens Greiner); The promotion of pastoralist heritage and alternative ‘visions’ for the future of Northern Kenya (Zoe Cormack); The Kuraz Sugar Development Project (KSDP) in Ethiopia: between ‘sweet visions’ and mounting challenges (Benedikt Kamski). [ASC Leiden abstract] 57 Sansalvadore, Giovanna

The uses of 'orality' in an Italian post-colonial text: Gabriella Ghermandi's Queen of Flowers and Pearls (2007) / Giovanna Sansalvadore - In: English Academy Review: (2016), vol. 33, no. 2, p. 17-28.

ASC Subject Headings: Ethiopia; Italy; novels; oral literature; postcolonialism.

This article evaluates the contribution made by Gabriella Ghermandi's novel Queen of Flowers and Pearls (2007. Rome: Donzelli) to the ongoing changes brought about in the Italian literary scene by writers who reflect upon the experiences of migration, the colonial period and its aftermath. Ghermandi's fusion of the African oral literary tradition, influenced by her Ethiopian roots, and the more formal western writing style reflecting her Italian heritage, are used as literary techniques in the novel, which combines a number of levels of identity and literary experience. Her main character, the child Mahlet, who becomes the narrator of the book, is both 'cantor' of her people and writer in the western tradition, combining the roles of artistic creator and witness for both cultures and historical realities. Ghermandi's novel is Mahlet's bildungsroman, but it also contains a wide panorama of historical references and personal reflections from other figures, and it becomes the embodiment of a postcolonial perspective, offering thoughts on integration and identity to the broader Italian debate. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

58 Yimulaw Gebregeorgis, Mehari

Gender construction through textbooks: the case of an Ethiopian primary school English textbook / Mehari Yimulaw Gebregeorgis - In: Africa Education Review: (2016), vol. 13, no. 3-4, p. 119-140 : fig.

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The objective of the study was to explore how gender was constructed in the "English for Ethiopia : student's book" for grade four. In order to find out the discursive actions, representations and identifications by unpacking the employed genre, discourse and style, respectively, the case study was conducted using Fairclough's three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis. Despite Ethiopia's gender-sensitive education and training policy, the findings revealed that the texts in the book are a manifestation of the struggle of discourse that tries to maintain the existing social order on gender construction on the one hand and attempts to change the status quo on the other. While the discursive actions and identifications of characters promote egalitarian gender construction, the activity and attribute-based representations of characters reproduce the existing stereotypical gender constructions of the society that fall in line with the functionalists' perspective on gender roles. Bibliogr., note, sum. [Journal abstract]

SOMALIA

59 Ismail, Abdirashid A.

Maandeeq : the dilemma of the post-colonial state in Somalia / Abdirashid A. Ismail - In:

Nordic Journal of African Studies: (2016), vol. 25, no. 1, p. 1-22 : ill.

ASC Subject Headings: Somalia; State; political conditions.

Since its inception in 1960, the Somali Republic has had two main missions: socio-political unification of the Somalis in the Horn of Africa and socio-economic development of the new nation and, accordingly, these were the key issues to be addressed by the post-colonial state in Somalia. However, neither of the two objectives was achieved by the civilian regime in power during the first decade of post-colonial Somalia. By employing the contract theory of the state, I will investigate why the civilian regime failed to achieve meaningful national goals. Using the literature and surveying historical archives and oral traditions, I will compare the post-colonial state in Somalia with the ideal liberal democratic state developed in the social science literature. The article shows that the post-colonial state in Somalia was a distorted version of the liberal democratic state and the failure of the civilian regime could be associated with these distortions. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]

60 Urbano, Annalisa

'That is why we have trouble' : the 'pro-Italia' movement's challenge to nationalism in British-occupied Somalia (1946-9) / Annalisa Urbano - In: The Journal of African History:

(2016), vol. 57, no. 3, p. 323-344 : krt.

ASC Subject Headings: Somalia; decolonization; nationalism; UN; 1940-1949.

Postwar politics in British-occupied Somalia is usually reduced to the activities of the Somali Youth League, the foremost anticolonial nationalist movement. However, by 1947,