CAPÍTULO III RESULTADOS GENERALES
3.1 C UESTIONES IMPORTANTES DE LAS REDES NEURONALES PARA ENTORNOS VIRTUALES
Checking your connection
1. Check connectivity with the router with the ping command. Type ping -c4 10.0.1.1 and press Enter. Record the times listed in the last column of the output. What was the average round trip time (rtt) from your computer to the router and back?
2. Ask another group for their IP address. Check connectivity with that group's computer with ping. Run ping as shown above, substituting the new IP address for the one listed in the previous item. Record the times listed in the last column below.
What was the average round trip time (rtt)?
3. When you have completed the activity, shut down your computer and return to your seat.
184 Title: Networking with Static IPs
Purpose: While setting up a network with a Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) server is very convenient, it is sometimes preferable to use static IP addresses. In this activity, you will join the network using an IP address and netmask provided by your instructor. Once connected, you will check network connectivity with at least one other peer on the network.
Procedure
Getting connected
1. Before connecting your PC to the network, be sure the windows Operating system is running on your computer.
2. When the boot process is completed, connect your computer to the network switch using a patch cable. Did you get a light? What port number did you connect to on the switch?
3. Draw a diagram of the entire network in the space below.
4. To configure your network settings, click System->Administration->Network.
5. In the Network settings window, make sure the Connections tab is selected.
6. Click on Wired connection, and then click the Properties button.
7. In the Interface properties window, change the Configuration setting to Static IP address.
8. Enter the IP address provided by your instructor in the IP address field.
9. Enter 10.0.1.0 in the Gateway address field.
10. Finally, enter 255.255.255.0 in the Subnet mask field. Click OK to close the Interface
properties window.
11. Click OK to close the Network settings window.
Checking your connection
1. Open a terminal window on your computer, if one is not already open, by clicking Applications->Accessories->Terminal.
2. Type ipconfig and press Enter. Are your network setting correct? If not, repeat the steps 4–11 in the previous section
185 3. Ask another group for their IP address. Check connectivity with that group's computer with ping. For example, ping -c4 10.0.1.200. Record the times listed in the last column below. What was the average round trip time?
4. Ask a second group for their IP address. Check connectivity to that group's computer with ping. Record the times listed in the last column below. What was the average round trip time?
CRITERIA
Evaluation:
Passed Failed 1. Sequence of steps in diagnosing is followed.
2. Safety precaution are observed.
3. Appropriate tools are used in diagnosing.
4. Diagnostic plan for troubleshooting is created.
Remarks
186 Computer System and Network Configurations
Computer Networks
Networks are collections of computers, software, and hardware that are all connected to help their users work together. A network connects computers by means of cabling systems, specialized software, and devices that manage data traffic. A network enables users to share files and resources, such as printers, as well as send messages electronically (e-mail) to each other.
The most common networks are Local Area Networks or LANs for short. A LAN connects computers within a single geographical location, such as one office building, office suite, or home. By contrast, Wide Area Networks (WANs) span different cities or even countries, using phone lines or satellite links.
Network System Configuration
All networks go through roughly the same steps in terms of design, rollout, configuration, and management.
Designing Your Network
Plan on the design phase to take anywhere from one to three working days, depending on how much help you have ad how big your network is.
Here are the key tasks:
Settle on a peer-to-peer network or a client/server network.
Pick you network system software.
Pick a network language.
Figure out what hardware you need.
Decide on what degree of information security you need.
Choose software and hardware solutions to handle day-to-day management chores.
Rolling Out Your Network
Rolling out your network requires the following steps:
Run and test network cables.
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Install the server or servers if you’re setting up a client/server network. (If you are setting up a peer-to-peer network, you typically don’t have to worry about any dedicated servers.)
Set up the workstation hardware.
Plug in and cable the Network Interface Cards (NICs – these connect the network to the LAN).
Install the hub or hubs (if you are using twisted-pair cable).
Install printers.
Load up the server software (the NOS, or Network Operating System) if your network is a client/server type.
Install the workstation software.
Install modem hardware for remote dial-up (if you want the users to be able to dial into the network).
Install the programs you want to run (application software).
Configuring Your Network
Network configuration means customizing the network for your own use.
Creating network accounts for your users (names, passwords, and groups).
Creating areas on shared disk drives for users to share data files.
Creating areas on shared disk drives for users to share programs (unless everyone runs programs from their own computer).
Setting up print queues (the software that lets users share networked printers).
Installing network support on user workstations, so they can "talk" to your network.
Managing Your Network
The work you do right after your LAN is up and running and configured can save you huge amounts of time in the coming months.
Mapping your network for easier management and troubleshooting.
Setting up appropriate security measures to protect against accidental and intentional harm.
Tuning up your LAN so that you get the best possible speed from it.
Creating company standards for adding hardware and software, so you don’t have nagging compatibility problems later.
Putting backup systems in place so that you have copies of data and programs if your hardware fails.
Installing some monitoring and diagnostic software so that you can check on your network’s health and get an early warning of impleading problems.
Figuring out how you plan to handle troubleshooting – educating your LAN administrator, setting up a support contract with a software vendor, and so on.
188 Smooth Setup
One key advantage of a peer-to-peer network is that it’s easy to setup. With the simplest sort of peer-to-peer network, you just use the built-in networking that comes with your operating system (Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8 and so on) and you have very little software to set up – even less if you have computers that have the operating system preinstalled, as most computers do these days.
For Windows XP and Windows 7, the basic steps to setting up a peer-to-peer network are as follows:
(Review for Cabling) UTP Cable
A UTP cable (category 5) is one of the most popular LAN cables. This cable consists of 4 twisted pairs of metal wires (that means there are 8 wires in the cable).
Adding RJ45 connectors at both ends of the UTP cable it becomes a LAN cable they usually use.
Preparation
You need a UTP Cable, Crimping Tool, RJ45, and Cutter
Figure24. Materials for Cabling
Making Cable
Follow the steps below.
189 1. Remove the outmost vinyl shield for 12mm at one end of the cable (we call this
side A-side).
2. Arrange the metal wires in parallel (refer the each section's wire arrangement table). Don't remove the shield of each metal line.
3. Insert the metal wires into RJ45 connector on keeping the metal wire arrangement.
4. Set the RJ45 connector (with the cable) on the pliers, and squeeze it tightly.
5. Make the other side of the cable (we call this side B-side) in the same way.
6. After you made it, you don't need to take care of the direction of the cable. (Any cable in this page is directionless --- that means you can set either end of the cable to either device.)
How to see the wire arrangement
Take the UTP cable with your left hand and a RJ45 connector with your right hand. Hold the RJ45 connector in the way you can see the contact metal face of the RJ45 connector.
The tables below are for the case where the UTP cable consists of green/green-white, orange/orange-white, blue/blue-white, brown/brown-white twisted pairs.
10 Base T / 100 Base T Straight
10BaseT and 100BaseT are most common mode of LAN. You can use UTP category-5 cable for both modes. (You can use UTP category-3 cable for 10BaseT, in which there are only 3 wires inside the cable.)
A straight cable is used to connect a computer to a hub. You can use it to connect 2 hubs in the case one of the hubs has an uplink port (and you use normal port on the other hub).
190 10 Base T / 100 Base T Cross
A cross cable for 10BaseT and 100BaseT is used to connect 2 computers directly (with ONLY the UTP cable). It is also used when you connect 2 hubs with a normal port on both hubs. (In other words, the cross cable is used relatively in a rare case.)
Pin ID side A side B 1 orange-white green-white 2 orange green
3 green-white orange-white 4 blue blue
5 blue-white blue-white 6 green orange 7 brown-white brown-white 8 brown brown
To create a peer network, you must have the following components:
Pin ID side A side B
1 orange-white orange-white 2 orange orange 3 green-white green-white 4 blue blue
5 blue-white blue-white 6 green green
7 brown-white brown-white 8 brown brown
191
• A network interface or Local Area Network (LAN) adapter for each computer. The same manufacturer and model of network card is preferred.
• Cabling that is supported by the network cards.
• Windows XP or 7 drivers for the network cards.
• A common network protocol.
• A unique computer name for each computer.
Task. Creating Peer to Peer Network
To create a peer network, follow these steps for each computer connected to the network:
1. Shut down the computer and install the network card and appropriate cabling for each computer.
2. Start Windows and install the network drivers. Windows may detect your network card and install the drivers when you start the computer. If the network card drivers are not included with Windows, follow the manufacturer's instructions about how to install the network drivers.
3. Choose a client and a common protocol for each computer. To do this, follow these steps:
a. Click Start, point to Settings, click Control Panel, and then double-click Network.
b. Click Add, click Client, and then click Add.
c. In the Manufacturers box, click the appropriate manufacturer, click the appropriate client in the Network Clients box, and then click OK.
d. Click Add, click Protocol, and then click Add.
NOTE: For information about how to configure your network adapters and physically connect your computers, consult the documentation included with your network adapters or contact the manufacturer(s) of your network adapters.
192 e. In the Manufacturers box, click the appropriate manufacturer, click the appropriate protocol in the Network Protocol box, and then click OK.
4. Configure a peer server. Each computer that is configured for File and Printer Sharing can act as a server. To configure a computer for File and Printer Sharing, use the following steps:
a. Click Start, point to Settings, click Control Panel, and then double-click Network.
b. Click File and Print Sharing, click one or both options to share files and printers, click OK, and then click OK again.
c. Click Yes when you are prompted to restart your computer.
1. Give each computer a unique computer name. To do this, use the following steps:
a. Click Start, point to Settings, click Control Panel, and then double-click Network.
b. On the Identification tab, type a unique name in the Computer name box.
c. Click OK, and then click Yes when you are prompted to restart your computer.
:
Task. Setting Windows Network Connection Equipment, Tools and Materials Required:
- UTP cables - 4 Computer units - 1 hub
NOTE: The computer name must be unique for each computer on the network and should be no more than 15 characters in length. In small networks, the workgroup name should be the same for each computer so that all computers are visible in the same workgroup when browsing. You should not use spaces or the following characters in computer and workgroup names
193 Given the following materials, set-up a network connection on four computers.