6 MÉTODOS
6.2. Diseño de los estudios y métodos estadísticos
6.2.1. Validación de los criterios ACR/EULAR de clasificación de la esclerosis sistémica en la cohorte de la Consulta de Capilaroscopia del Hospital Universitario 12 de octubre
xabcdefghy
33...Rxc6?
A time-trouble blunder, although Black’s position is not rosy also after the relatively
best 33...a5 34.a4 Rf7 35.Rc5 Rhf6 36.Ne4 Rf4 37.Re5 ±.
34.Nf5!
Black resigned due to heavy material losses:
34...Rhe6 35.Rxc6 Rxc6 36.Ne7+.
1-0
Tripled Pawns
This is a quite rare bird, which doesn’t come so ‘easily’ as the ‘pure’ doubled cases.
But actually what is the reason for tripling (and crippling) our pawn structure? Well, the answer if of course quite simple, as always: When we are on the procedure of tripling our pawns, we will have to correctly assess that our superior piece play will force a favorable transformation of the game (either by change of structure or win of material) before the long-term, static dif-ficulties with our pawns ever come into effect.
This is of course easier said than done, but that’s why we have examples in this book!
□ Vladimirov Evgeny
■ Vaganian Rafael E05 Moscow 1990
1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 d5 3.c4 e6 4.g3 Le7 5.Lg2 0-0 6.0-0 dxc4 7.Ne5 (D)
XABCDEFGHY 8rsnlwq-trk+(
7zppzp-vlpzpp' 6-+-+psn-+&
5+-+-sN-+-%
4-+pzP-+-+$
3+-+-+-zP-#
2PzP-+PzPLzP"
1tRNvLQ+RmK-!
xabcdefghy
7...Nc6!
The Austrian GM Karl Robatsch invented the text move back in the '70s and it was quickly adopted by the top players all over the world. Black accepts the tripling of his pawns and the possibility to lose at least one (in the short or long run) in exchange for
47 quick development.
8.Nxc6
The other option is 8.Lxc6 bxc6 9.Nxc6 Qe8 10.Nxe7+ Qxe7 11.Qa4 and now Black has got a decent position with either 11...e5, or 11...c5, or, finally, 11...a5, as his better development usually sufficiently compensates for his minimal material or positional deficit.
8...bxc6
This is a typical, well-known position to chess players who have been armed with the 'Catalan', with either colour of course.
9.Na3!?
As 9.Lxc6 Rb8 has been analysed as satisfactory for Black (10.Nc3 Lb7 11.Lxb7 Rxb7 12.e3 c5 13.Qf3 Rd7 14.dxc5 Lxc5), White is willing to take on a pair of doubled pawns as well!
9...Lxa3 10.bxa3 (D)
XABCDEFGHY 8r+lwq-trk+(
7zp-zp-+pzpp' 6-+p+psn-+&
5+-+-+-+-%
4-+pzP-+-+$
3zP-+-+-zP-#
2P+-+PzPLzP"
1tR-vLQ+RmK-!
xabcdefghy
And a very instructive position has arisen.
Despite his doubled a-pawns, White has an extra central pawn and the bishop pair - classical advantages that should make any serious player happy. But Black is not without chances. The tripled pawns yield him play on the b- and d-files, which is critical, and he also gets time as White must recover his material.
10...La6! 11.Lxc6
11.Lg5?! h6 12.Lxf6 Qxf6 13.Lxc6 Rab8 14.Qa4 Rb6 was already much better for Black in the game Antunes,A-Karpov,A Tilburg 1994.
11...Rb8 12.Qa4 Rb6 13.Lg2
The alternatives are 13.Lf3 and 13.Ld2.
13...Nd5 14.Qc2?!
A dubious move, and extra dubious is 14.e4?
Nc3 15.Qc2 Qxd4 (15...Nb5 16.d5 Nd4 17.Qd1 c5 μ) 16.Le3 Qd3 17.Qxd3 cxd3 18.Lxb6 axb6 –+. But White should try 14.Qa5!? Qc8 15.e4 Rb5 16.Qa4 Nb6 17.Qc2 Qd7 18.Rd1
÷
Liptay,L-Mathe,G Hungary 1989.14...f5!
The Greek GM Vasilios Kotronias, rightly praises the text move, which prevents White from kicking the knight away from its powerful post on d5.
15.e4 fxe4 16.Lxe4 h6!
The other option is the naive 16...Nf6?!
17.Lg2 Nd5 18.Re1 (18.Le4 =) 18...Qf6 19.Re5 h6 20.f4 Ne7 21.Ld2
÷
Palatnik,S -Kruppa,Y Kherson 1989.17.Lg2?!
Now, this is just losing time. White had to opt for 17.Le3!? although after 17...Qf6 18.Rfb1 Rfb8 ³ Black should feel happy.
17...Qf6 18.Le3 c3! 19.Rfb1 Lc4!
A good move, which allows Black to maintain his strong c3-pawn. 19...Rfb8?
20.Rxb6 Rxb6 21.Lxd5 exd5 22.Qxc3 Le2 (22...Rc6 23.Qd2 Qf3 24.Rb1 [24.Rc1? Lc8! –+] 24...Rb6 25.Re1
÷
) 23.Qxc7 Qf5 (23...Lf3 24.Qf4 =) 24.Rc1= would only please White.
20.Rxb6 cxb6 21.Re1 b5!
Now ...a5 and ...b4 is threatened.
22.f4 (D)
XABCDEFGHY 8-+-+-trk+(
7zp-+-+-zp-' 6-+-+pwq-zp&
5+p+n+-+-%
4-+lzP-zP-+$
3zP-zp-vL-zP-#
2P+Q+-+LzP"
1+-+-tR-mK-!
xabcdefghy
48 22...Nxe3!
Black is not carried away by his plan. He sensed the danger after the 'natural' 22...a5?
23.Lf2 b4 24.Lh3! Ne7 (24...Nb6? 25.d5!
±) 25.axb4 axb4 26.a3
÷
.23.Rxe3 Qxd4 24.Qxc3 Rd8 25.Lf3 Black wins a pawn after 25.Qxd4 Rxd4 26.Re1 Rd2 and probably the game.
25...a5
White's compensation would be excellent after 25...Qxc3?! 26.Rxc3 Rd2 27.a4!
Rxa2 (27...a6 28.axb5 axb5 29.a4 =) 28.axb5 Lxb5 29.Lh5! Kf8 30.Rc7. But it must be noted that Black could immediately play 25...Lxa2! - he was obviously not in a hurry!
26.Qxd4
Alternatives fail to save White: 26.Kf2?!
Qd2+ –+ and 26.Qe1 Lxa2 (26...Qd2 27.Lg4 Qxe1+ 28.Rxe1 Kf7 μ) 27.Kg2 Qd2+ μ.
26...Rxd4 27.Le2 Kf7 28.Lxc4 bxc4 29.Rc3
29.Re5 Rd5 30.Re4 Rc5 μ.
29...e5
29...g5! 30.fxg5 hxg5 was even better.
30.fxe5 Ke6 (D)
XABCDEFGHY 8-+-+-+-+(
7+-+-+-zp-' 6-+-+k+-zp&
5zp-+-zP-+-%
4-+ptr-+-+$
3zP-tR-+-zP-#
2P+-+-+-zP"
1+-+-+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
Black is clearly on top. Ironically it was White's doubled a-pawns that allowed Black's passed c3-pawn to become a major force.
31.Kf2 Kxe5 32.Ke2 Kf5
Black starts to lose his way. Bad was of course 32...Re4+? 33.Kd2 Kd4 34.Rf3
c3+ (34...a4 35.Rf7 c3+ 36.Kd1 ³) 35.Rxc3! Re2+ 36.Kxe2 Kxc3 37.a4!
Kb4 (37...Kb2 38.Kd3 Ka3 39.Kc3 =) 38.Kd3 Kxa4 39.Kc2 = but he could preserve his great plus with 32...g5! 33.h3 a4 34.Ke3 h5.
33.h3
There was no need for White to weaken his kingside pawns, but after 33.Ke3 Ke5!
34.Ke2 Black can continue with the correct 34...g5!.
33...g5 34.Rf3+ Ke5 35.a4 35.Rf7 Rd3 –+.
35...Rd6!
Ready to penetrate via the b- or the f-file.
36.g4
36.Rf7 Rd3 –+.
36...Rf6 37.Re3+
37.Rxf6 Kxf6 38.Kd2 Ke5 –+.
37...Kd5 38.Kd2
38.Rc3 Kd4 39.Re3 Rb6 –+.
38...Rf2+ 39.Kc3 Rxa2 40.Re8 Rxa4 41.h4 gxh4 42.Rd8+ Ke5 43.Rf8 h3 44.Rf5+ Ke4
Black wins after 45.Rh5 Kf4 46.Rxh6 Kxg4.
0-1
http://trainers.fide.com
Another opening in which tripled pawns routinely arise is the ‘French Defence’ and especially the ‘Winawer Variation’.
Probably the most famous example of tripled pawns is the following masterpiece by the ex-World Champion Vassily Smyslov:
□ Smyslov Vassily
■ Uhlmann Wolfgang C19 Mar del Plata 1966
1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Lb4 4.e5 Ne7 Smyslov had played before with tripled pawns against Botvinnik, in his 20th match game of the 1957 FIDE World Champion-ship: 4...c5 5.a3 Lxc3+ 6.bxc3 Qc7 7.Qg4 f6 8.Nf3 Nc6 9.Qg3 Qf7?! 10.dxc5!
Nge7 11.Ld3 fxe5 12.Nxe5 ± Smyslov,V-Botvinnik,M Moscow 1957.
5.a3 Lxc3+ 6.bxc3 c5 7.Nf3 Ld7 8.a4 Qa5 9.Qd2 Nbc6 10.Le2 Rc8 (D)
49
XABCDEFGHY 8-+r+k+-tr(
7zpp+lsnpzpp' 6-+n+p+-+&
5wq-zppzP-+-%
4P+-zP-+-+$
3+-zP-+N+-#
2-+PwQLzPPzP"
1tR-vL-mK-+R!
xabcdefghy
11.dxc5
So, here it is! John Watson states: 'Thus the tripled pawns arise, and on an already-occupied open file (10...Rc8) to boot!
What's more, the e5-pawn is irrevocably weakened and will almost certainly fall. It is a tribute to both Smyslov's imagination and modern pragmatism that such a line was discovered after years of Winawer practice.
White's point is that rather than defend his centre, he will use d4 as a pivot post for his knight and open as many lines as possible for his bishops. Up to this move, Black was ready for ...cxd4 and simplification, but now he has to reorganize.
Having said that, Black has some advantages here which White lacked in our “Catalan”
example:
1. He has plenty of active pieces developed.
2. He has a strong grip on the light squares.
So, that the move c4 by White tends to activate Black's pieces at least as much as White’s. These dynamic features lead to a complex and balanced struggle.'
11...Ng6! 12.0-0 0-0
It seems that it is possible to capture the e-pawn immediately: 12...Ncxe5 13.Nd4 0-0 14.La3 Lc6 15.Nb5 Ra8 16.Nd6 Nc4 17.Lxc4 dxc4 18.Qd4
÷
Morovic Fernandez,I-Shaked,T Groningen 1997.13.Qe3! Qc7 14.Nd4! Qxe5!
White should feel happy after 14...Ncxe5 15.La3 Ne7 16.Nb5 ².
15.Nb5 Qxe3 16.Lxe3 a6?!
It seems that Black can equalize by some delicate yet rather simple moves: 16...Rb8 17.a5 a6 18.Nd6 Nce7 19.Rab1 Lc6 20.Ld3 Nc8.
17.Nd6 Rc7 18.a5!
A better continuation than 18.Rfb1 Na5 19.Rb4 Ne5 where the black knights are guarding important squares.
18...e5
More or less, Black has to take advantage of his centre.
19.Rfb1 Nd8 20.Rd1?!
20.Rb6! f5 21.f3 looks more to the point.
20...Lc6! 21.Lg4 Ne6 22.Rab1! Ne7 23.g3 f5 24.Lh3 g6 (D)
XABCDEFGHY 8-+-+-trk+(
7+ptr-sn-+p' 6p+lsNn+p+&
5zP-zPpzpp+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3+-zP-vL-zPL#
2-+P+-zP-zP"
1+R+R+-mK-!
xabcdefghy
25.f4!
A good move, which is fighting for the dark squares, as Black cannot oppose any piece to the white dark-squared bishop.
25...d4
25...exf4!? 26.gxf4 Nc8 was Black's main option.
26.cxd4 Nd5 27.Lf2 exd4!?
Black could also play 27...exf4 28.Re1 Ng5 29.Lg2 ² but not winning the ex-change with 27...Nc3?! as after 28.fxe5 ± White's compensation would be excellent.
28.Lxd4 Nxd4 29.Rxd4 Re7
Black sacrificed a pawn but this material has limited value for White. Obviously Black's compensation is good.
30.Kf2 Nc3 31.Re1 Rxe1 32.Kxe1 Ne4 33.Nxe4 Lxe4
33...fxe4? 34.Ke2 Kg7 35.Ke3 g5
50 36.Ld7! was curtains for Black.
34.c3 Rf6?
Black does not handle the endgame with accuracy. He should have gone for 34...Re8 35.Kf2 Re7 where he would be able to hold equal chances. But here comes a question: If White was able to play so many exclamation marks why can’t he present an advantage? The answer lies in Black’s solid pawn structure - do not forget that the doubled and tripled pawns in the endgame cannot be considered as a great power!
35.Rd8+ Kg7 36.Rd7+ Rf7?!
36...Kh6 37.Rc7 ± was Black's only chance.
37.Rxf7+ Kxf7
The ending should be won for White, as Black's pawns are placed on his bishop's colour and the white king can be centralized and penetrate into Black's camp.
38.Kd2 Ke6 39.c4 Kd7 40.Ke3 Kc6 41.Kd4 Kd7 42.Ke5 Lf3
42...Kc6 43.g4 fxg4 44.Lxg4 Lc2 45.Kd4 Kc7 46.Le6 +–.
43.Kf6 Kc6 44.Kg7 Kxc5 45.Kxh7 Lh5 46.Lf1?!
46.Kh6! b5 47.axb6 Kxb6 48.Lxf5 gxf5 49.Kxh5 a5 50.g4 +– was not that difficult.
46...Kb4 47.Lg2 Kxa5 48.Lxb7 Kb6 49.Lc8 a5 50.Ld7 Kc5 51.h3 Lf3
51...Kd6 52.Le8 Kc5 53.Lb5 Kb4 54.Kh6 +–.
52.Kxg6 Lc6 53.Lxf5
Or 53.Lxc6 Kxc6 54.g4 fxg4 55.hxg4 a4 56.f5 a3 57.f6 a2 58.f7 a1Q 59.f8Q +–.
53...a4 54.Lb1 a3 55.f5 Le4 56.La2 Ld3 57.h4 Kd4
57...Lxc4 58.Lxc4 Kxc4 59.f6 a2 60.f7 a1Q 61.f8Q +–.
58.h5 Ke4 59.g4 Kf4 60.Kg7 1-0
Doubled or tripled pawns can arise in any opening, as the following game proves. A chess player must be ready to play with or against them, according to the evaluation that he has concluded.
□ Waterfield John
■ Kitson Peter C33 Bristol 2008
1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nc3 Qh4+ 4.Ke2 A typical case of an early king develop-ment...
4...Nc6
The alternative is 4...c6 5.Nf3 Qh5 6.d4 d5 7.Lxf4 dxe4 8.Nxe4 Qg6 9.Ke3
÷
Macieja,B-Karpov,A Warsaw 2003.
5.Nf3 Qh5 6.d4 g5 7.Nd5 Kd8 8.Kf2 Lg7 9.Le2 Qg6 10.Qd3 h6
Too optimistic but still not critical. Black could have an acceptable position after 10...Nf6 11.Nxf6 Lxf6 12.e5 Le7
÷
. 11.h4 Nge7 12.hxg5 Nxd5?Black is obsessed with the possibility of creating doubled pawns for White. He had to go for 12...hxg5 13.Rxh8+ Lxh8 where nothing is clear yet.
13.exd5 Qxd3 14.Lxd3 Nb4 15.gxh6!
15.Le4 would have given an advantage as well: 15...hxg5 16.Rxh8+ Lxh8 17.c3 f5 18.Lxf5 Nxd5 19.Nxg5 Lf6 20.Nh3 d6 21.Lxc8 Rxc8 22.Nxf4 ± but the text move is even stronger.
15...Nxd3+ 16.cxd3 Rxh6 17.Lxf4
White's tripled pawns restrict Black's development and control important squares, and this more or less seals his opponent's fate, as White will soon penetrate into his opponent's camp.
17...Rg6
17...Rxh1 18.Rxh1 Ke7 19.Lxc7 d6 20.Rh7 Lf6 21.Rh6 also seems quite difficult for Black.
18.Ne5 Lxe5
18...Rf6 19.Ke3 Ke8 (19...d6 20.Lg5 +–) 20.Rac1 c6 21.Nc4! and White is on top again.
19.dxe5 Rg8 20.Rh7
Shattering once more his pawn structure was White's best: 20.d6! cxd6 21.exd6 f6 22.Rh7.
20...Ke8 21.Rah1 d6 22.Rh8!
White's main interest is not to allow Black to finish his development - material gain comes later.
22...Rxh8 23.Rxh8+ Kd7 24.Lg5! dxe5?
The alternative 24...c6 was netherless curtains: 25.Rd8+ Kc7 26.exd6+ Kb6 27.d7.
25.Rd8 # 1-0
51