Valoración do papel da industria conserveira no contexto local e comarcal

The definition refers to the widest scope and does not take into account particularities of some agricultural production. To get more in-depth information, the reader is invited to consult the proceedings of the 1st

EISfOM Seminar and the relevant methodology.

1.1 The supply balance sheet

The supply balance sheet is a method of comparing the resources and uses of a product. The SBS covers the product life from production to the wholesale trade; retailers and households are outside the range. The purpose of the SBS is either market management or food management. In the EU, SBS are used for market management and provide an overall view of the market of an agricultural product by country and for the European Union. Market management means regulation of the balance between production and the needs of external trade to a certain extent prices and budgetary concerns. Food management is a concept applied by the FAO to supply food first to the world population and to the animals.

Data sources vary depending on the product itself and the operation recorded. Each country has its own administrative organisation. In general, external trade is recorded by the customs authority. In the EU for the intra-Community trade, customs declarations have been replaced by the Intratstat system.

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Fig. 1 - The supply balance sheet

Resources Uses Stocks input Production Imports Exports Stocks output Domestic uses = Stock changes Losses Next cycle Human consumption Animal fodder Processing Transformation Industrial uses

This picture shows the different components of a supply balance sheet in its general form. For a given product or a given country, all the components are not mandatory. If there is no production, then imports are required; if the raw product is not directly consumable, the main domestic use is processing.

1.2 Geographic area

The SBS are established at the level at which the required information is available. External trade figures are compiled at the national level. Within the framework of the European Union, the SBS are worked out for the customs territory of the Member States, defined in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 2913/92 of 12 October 1992 establishing the

Community Customs Code, as last amended by the Accession Treaty of 29 March 2003. This means that some non-European territories of the Member States are excluded (see Annex I for details).

1.3 Unit

Calculated from various sources of data, the SBS are compiled using a common unit which allows for the conversion of a processed product into a raw product or a compound product within the SBS. The most frequently used units refer to the weight in 1000 tonnes and in the case of meat, 1000 tonnes carcass weight and for eggs 1000 shell-eggs tonnes.

1.4 Period of reference

The reference period normally stretches over 12 consecutive months, which is the calendar year for livestock products and the twelve months of a marketing year for crop products. Certain balance sheets (vegetable, fat balance sheets) are worked out by calendar year as well as by marketing year.

The marketing years for the various crop supply balance sheets can start at different dates. Council Regulations on the common organisation of the markets specify the starting and end dates of the marketing year required by the Community.

1.5 Per capita consumption

Human per capita consumption is obtained by dividing total human consumption by the number of inhabitants.

The calculation of consumption per capita uses the population data in official statistics. The following dates are used:

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ƒ 30 June for balance sheets by calendar year.

The statistics refer to the resident population of each country; persons who normally reside in a country but are temporarily absent are included in the total population figure, while foreigners residing temporarily in the country are excluded from it for the same reasons.

It is thus possible to determine an apparent human per capita consumption.

1.6 Degree of self-sufficiency

The degree of self-sufficiency of a given region indicates up to what point ‘domestic production’ (from domestic raw material) in this region is able to meet all the needs or ‘domestic use’ (total use for humans, animals and industry) of this region.

Degree of self-sufficiency = ‘Domestic production’ × 100 ‘Domestic use’

The ‘domestic production’ is easily determined for crop and milk production, with crop harvest or milk collection being known at the level of the farm. In the case of meat production, live animals are both imported or exported; foreign trade has an impact on a country’s self-sufficiency in meat without being ‘domestic production’, and the notion of ‘gross indigenous production’ has been introduced in order to estimate the ‘domestic production’.

1.7 Components of supply balance sheets

The list below refers to Figure 1 in chapter 1. Currently the EU Member States compile the SBS using common definitions for the various items. The definitions given below reflect the general approach; a more precise definition depending on the product is also available in each specific handbook. Each country delivers the information at national level. To obtain the EU level, an aggregation of the different components is made. The EU level is considered here as the whole geographical territory for which some SBS components are not simply the sum of the national figures. The external trade of the EU is only the external trade of the Member States with the third countries; intra-EU trade is eliminated.

1.7.1 Usable production

The usable production represents the usable quantities resulting from the production process during the reference period, on the understanding that the losses suffered during this process and up until the delivery do not appear in this heading.

Example 1: Cereals

This involves the quantities collected and delivered to the seat of the holding. It is available to be sold off the holding or used or consumed directly on the holding. It includes marketed production, misrepresented quantities, self-provided quantities, self-consumed quantities and losses on the farm (handling, waste, pest damage, etc.). It excludes the non-harvested quantities, the losses to the harvest (on the plot) and the losses at the time of transportation from the plot to the seat of the holding.

Example 2: Meat

‘Usable production’ (net production) is the overall tonnage of meat found suitable for human consumption by health services. This meat comes from all the animals slaughtered in the country, of domestic and foreign origin.

Example 3: Fish

This involves the unloading of fish by fishing vessels of the Member State to national or foreign ports and transfers at sea on foreign boats.

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In document Título“A conserva”: condicións sociolaborais e construción de identidade dos traballadores das industrias conserveiras na Comarca da Barbanza (página 67-81)