1.5 Pron´ ostico y mantenimiento periodontal
5.1.2 Variables del estudio
Chad is the most northern of the French equatorial African independ- ent states and is the largest in terms of size and population. Traditionally it is a focal point for Saharan and equatorial African trade routes. In the south of the country savannah-woodlands prevail, while the north is covered by scrub vegetation.
There is a wet and dry tropical zone in the south characterized by shrubs, tall grasses and scattered broad-leaved decidu- ous trees, a semiarid tropical (Sahel) zone in which savannah vegetation gradually merges into a region of thorn bushes and open steppes, and a hot arid zone composed by dunes and plateaus where vegetation is scarce and only occasional palm oases are
found.
Medicinal plants with widespread use in traditional medicine are Acacia spp., Tamarindus indica L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss., Butyrospermum parkii (G. Don) Kotschy [=Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn.], Bal- anites aegyptiaca Del., Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don, Salvadora persica L., Guiera senegalensis Gmel., Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC., Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton, Bauhinia rufescens Lam. and Combretum glutinosum L. (FAO, 1999). Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) is used as insecticide. Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn. flowers and Euca- lyptus camaldu-lensis Dehnh. leaves are used for flavouring tea and Commiphora africana (A. Rich.) Engl. gum is used as incense (FAO, 1999).
Gum Arabic collection is done mainly in northern Chad.
Traditional Systems of Medicine
TMPs are involved in the national health-care programme. Chad does not have any official legislation governing the practice of traditional medicine. There are no official training facilities or pro- grammes on traditional medicines for health workers (WHO, 1992).
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