El Zoclo

Being the primary parent of a young child or children comes into play during every phase of the research, from conceptualising the project, to entering the field and gaining access to participants, to writing up the results (Brown and De Casanova, 2009, p54).

The decision to bring my family with me to Fiji shaped each stage of my research, though none more so than during our time in the village. In the research literature, certain roles have been identified for children of

fieldworkers. Children, just by ‘being there’ help their parents to occupy an understandable role in the social structure of the community; they improve access to information and build rapport between the researcher and the

81

of ‘parents’ thereby helping to reduce other potential hierarchies in relationships (Levy, 2009).

Ice Breaker

Just as at home, everyday life with children is different to life without them. You go to different places, talk to different people and do things at a different pace.

The researcher’s look at society is much closer with family - you cannot escape groceries, hardware stores, schools, clothing shops, movie theatres...with family are opened companion worlds of information that aren’t available, or at least often explored, by men or women when alone, a point whose significance I can’t emphasise strongly enough (Starrs et al., 2001, p77).

My children were a reason for going places and an excuse to talk with people. They meant that we spent time at the school and with the teachers, and were the reason for walking through the village sometimes looking for them. Walking through the village is always good – it makes you visible and allows the opportunity to see and greet people.

Complete, Whole Person

In ethnographical research, the characteristics of the researcher make a difference to the whole experience of researching - what you are allowed to see, what you are told, and what you notice and conclude (Townsend, 1999). Seeing me as a wife and mother and not just a researcher helped to make me a

whole person. This is particularly important in Fijian culture with talanoa

research where people want to know something about you and learn to trust you before they will open up and speak to you. Having the children around and just doing the everyday things you need to do as a parent meant that people knew something about me before I had even spoken to them, and had seen me around the village. When I first spoke to people, especially the mothers and fathers of young children, we had stories to share of what our children had

82

been doing together. It made me less strange, less of an outsider. I was a fellow school mum.

Evidence Of Our Trust In The Community

Bringing our children to the village to live for the month and attend school there showed that we trusted the community to care for them. This was very evident to them and I believe, greatly appreciated. I think that helped in my interviews since the people had some initial degree of respect and trust in me that I would otherwise have had to earn.

Educational Experience For The Children

As a mother, I can see that the fieldwork was an incredible and educational experience for my children. They were able to attend school and become immersed in a completely different culture, as the first and only foreigners to do so. This placed them in a privileged position, which they do not understand right now, but I hope will come to appreciate as they grow older. The village way of life is so completely different from ours, and living it has taught them a lot.

The freedom and independence that come with living in a small, car free, tight-knit village community gave them the confidence to explore and

experience the people and places on their own. It took a week or so (especially for my husband and myself), but once we all felt comfortable, my then six and four year old children would leave the house after breakfast, and return by sunset. There would be visits throughout the day, but essentially they were free and welcome to play all day long with their new friends. I remember my four year old son coming back to the house early one afternoon. I was concerned that he had missed out on lunch - “no Mum, I had lunch with my friends up at that house over there”.

Better Focus On My Research

As a mother, if I had tried to do this fieldtrip without my family, I would have been very distracted and detached the whole time, as a large part of me would have been at home with them. With the security and comfort of having

83

my family with me, I was able to focus on the task and immerse myself in the work.

Excuse For Cultural Faux Pas

In a Fijian community, it is considered rude not to accept invitations and be

part of community events. This included drinking kava (yaqona). The cultural

significance of this is not lost on me, and I wanted to participate, but it is really not my favourite drink, and I wanted to have a polite one and then depart. Timed to perfection, my daughter became upset with having both of her parents away from her in the dark, and so I was able to leave the kava drinking duties to my wonderful, understanding (and not unwilling) husband.

Disadvantages

Having your children in the field does have downsides too. “It is not hard to imagine that children frequently take their parents out of fieldwork contexts, closing as many windows as they can open” (Levy, 2009 p318). While it is undoubtedly true that having children to take care of detracts from the time and energy available for the task at hand, and that some potential opportunities are less easily accepted when there are children to consider, I think all of the situations may be viewed as ‘glass half empty versus glass half full’.

Distraction.

Naturally, at times my children were a distraction from my research. For example, small things such as wanting to be at the house when they came home from school for lunch. There were days when someone was sick and I had to step up to the role of mother instead of doing an interview. The time-

consuming facts of parenting in this situation were only made possible by having my husband with me, who was able to undertake these duties most of the time.

Walking the line between parenting and cultural respect.

My four year old son is aptly described as a fussy eater. So trying new foods was always going to be difficult for him, and we knew that our nightly

84

village. What we had not realised is that the battle would end up being between us and our hosts. In Fiji, it is very insulting to say that you were at someone’s house but did not eat well or there was not enough food. After a few evening meals of predictable debate and us trying to keep the heated discussions to a minimum so as not to cause a fuss, our host father approached the topic head on. He said - even though we understand that as parents you want him to eat well, you must understand that it is important for us as your hosts that he eats a lot and easily. We had to give in to this and try not to think about it as our son ate chocolate biscuits for breakfast and did not consume a single vegetable for a whole month. Cultural respect one, parenting nil. But it did not hurt him, and was very important to them.

Not understanding cultural situations can be more stressful.

On our final night in the village, we were invited to the Pastor’s house, where the Chief and elders of the village were gathered for a farewell for us. At the same time, a separate farewell was organised for our children. We were in a less familiar part of the village, in the dark evening, and did not really know what was happening when, or for how long. My daughter particularly, was uncomfortable about this and wanted to be with us, becoming more and more upset, until I had to leave the function with her. The lack of both understanding and control over the situation was very difficult with children. Without

children we would have been able to focus more clearly on the honour we were being presented with.

Increases the consequences of communication breakdowns through language barriers.

One day, a group of us planned to go out on the boat to the main island for the day. My family and I did not know all the detailed arrangements, but then we spent so much of our time not really knowing what was going on that we did not think too much about it. On this occasion this resulted in our young children ending up on a boat trip to the other side of our island without us. The teenagers in charge of the boat were perfectly capable, and our children were safe the whole time. The adults around us knew this, and so it was

85

own. For us though, all the other factors loomed large. We were far away from home, using an unfamiliar form of transport, there were no lifejackets, and we knew that our children did not know what was going on and would be too scared to ask. An unremarkable event turned into a frightening one, because of a simple communication breakdown - a few seconds of not thinking about the language barrier.