Science and technology for agriculture

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(2) •¡. 'V14. Corp Olca. Corporación Colombiana cJe Investigación Agropecuaria. SCIENCE AND TECNNOLOGY FOIN AGRICULTURE Bogotá - Colombia. South America.

(3) CORPOlC\. Pág.. 1 Colombian Corporation oí Agriculture Pescirch - COPI)OICA . .......... .......2 Mission oí Corpoici... ....... .................. ...... ........ .......... .. ..... ....................... . ..... ...... .......................................... 3 Institutional Structure 6 tructtire for RescdrCh ¿md lrdnterence of Tcchnofogv ............................. .... ....... ... .7 Strareiic Pcscdrch Progrdms.. ..... ........... ......... .................... ....... .. .......... ...... ........... ... ......6 .\gr iclturdl Biotechnologv ..................................................................... .............................................. 8 p Plani lcohvioIogv IntegritecIPest .\1natcment................................................................ ..... ........ ........ ntetecl grd .\anmemcnt ol Soil dncl \Vdter. .... ....... ...... .................... ......... ..... .. ..... ......... ..... .9 ............................................... lo Genctic Plnnt Pcsourccs.. AllimalBiotechnolo pv.. ............................... ... ........ ..................................... ......... ........ .......................... .lO ;\ninldl Nutrition .......................................................................................... 11 Animal Ecophvsiolog' .... ........................ ............. .... .. ... ............ ..... ......... . ..... ....12 (ienetic Animal Pesources ....................................................................................................................... .12 ...........................................................................................12 :\njiyial llealrh Pcsearch Programs Oil Production Systems. ............. ........... ..... ........ ........ ... ........... ....... ...... .....13 Agroecosystems. .............. .. ..... ......................................... ........... . ........................................................... .13 ..................................................................................................... 13 liometrv. ........... ...... . ......... ..... ..... .... ........ ........ ........ ..... ........14 Plani "pide miologv.................... VeterinarylpidernioIogy.... ....... ..................................................................................................... ....... .14 lo. Sociocconomic Studies................................................................15 3chnologiCal lntormation Net\vork ..... ...... ..... ... ....... ... ..... ...... ....... .... ....... .... ... ...... ..15 Agricultura) .\Jcllinery and Post llarvest .............. ........ ........ ..................................... .................. . ... .15 Methods for 'l'ransference ol Technologv..................................................16 .... ......... .... ...... .............. ............... ........... ....... ... Pegionals............ ..... .. ... ... . 17 Corpoica anci Strategic Alliances.............................................................................................................18 Dcvelopnient o 1 luman Pesources ..........................................19.

(4) A. 8. fl. . ' 1h1 Jetal Bioie(-hiioloKi Program uses the molecular ,narkers. fa rhe species genetic characteri:ation, ide,1fi;, zi t¡,, proh'ms vr ¡socn:ime.ç b.i, e/I'ClrOP/?oreSi.f vípoliacrilamida (Figures A ami /3. ami specJk genes ihroug/ ihe po/imerasa íl'CR cha/? reaction (Igure Ci Phoios. 'getal 8iotccIi,zr!oei Pro gram. oltIii. -.. lIuInlome!er. SCFBO. Y—J. 1. v..e. -. sr. 1 UIPU q.. las c5lírto'. Sliidgt ( ' tii(nil Iid lltiI It:IClllI-S(ilR. :1 scienhif ic palmo a/tplk'cl/)r (orjmjca. (11k!. Colo,iibian ,\ational (niversitl : Ihe Ant iconta,ninant Bioreactor, ai eJficient anclfast si to oinain agroinclustrial producís froni residues Figure: Carlos Duque.

(5) CORPOICA. Poico. C. orpoica is a mixed econorny. non profit, private-Iaw Corporation, created by ifie Colombian Govcrnment based on the Science anci i'echnology Law, clesigneci to strengthen and to direct rcsearch and transference of technologv to ihe agricultura! sector, \vith the commitment anci participation oí the private sector. The creation of Corpoica vas also part oí thc process oí thc State's moderriization. Thc Corporation is integratcd by the country's agricultural sector: guilds. universities. private entcrprise. government bodies (national and local) and rural organizations. Corpoica's leadership and management, at its diverse instances. is lcd by, the General Assembly oí Members, the Directive Board, thc National Research Committee. the Executive Board. and by, National and Regional Comrnittees..

(6) Colombian Corporation oí -\gricukure lccarch. Miuion of Corpo'ica orpoicas basic mission is to generate scientific and iechnological knowledge in order to make national agricultural production more efficient.. e. In the execution oí its mission. Corpoica contributes to the welfare oí the Colombian population and provides means to fortify regional development, and particuarly. to improve production and productivity that will sustain and increase national ¿md international trade oí agricultural products. The fundamental purpose oí Corpoica is to develop a new approach ¿md modern organizational scheme oí oí research ¿md transference oí technology This \vill enable the consolidation experiences. that in the pasi have demonstrated their useíulness, and to create new technologies that wili solve difficultics while implementing those factors that improve and increase production. in order to hand them over lo the agricultural sector in general. The Corporat ion also provides advice ¿md services in the areas oí research and technological ditfusion and contributes to preserve natural resources and suppori public ¿md private entities in the conservation oí a healthy environment. Corpoica's mission is based on the integration oí irs basic goals: 1. To improve the competitiveness oí agricultural production 2. To develop an equitable way oí distributing the benefits oí technology 3 . To ensure that crop and livestock production are sustainable through the rational use oí natural resources. 4. To develop and manage scientific and technological capabilities that will enable Colombia to generate the farming technologies it requires..

(7) COIWOICA. lniit'iotut'ioonal Structure The organization oí Corpoica is based on a clemocratic structure: 1. CENTRAL LEVEL a. 'I'he board oídirectors integrated by: Ministry oí Agriculture, partners, associated guilds, private and associated research centers. territorial entities and universities. b. 'l'he Executive Board. inte grated by: The Sub-Directions oí Strategic Research, Research on Production Systems, Administration and Finances and by 4 consultancy offices: Externa¡ Relations, l)evelopment oí Human Resources, Planning and Legal, and also by the Internal Audit office. 2. REGIoNAl. LEVEL Integrated by a Regional Board and the Regional Director, farmers associations, the most prestigious universities in the arca. research centers. the Secretariat oí Agriculture and Territorial Government, the Agricultural Technical Assistance Units (UMATA) and the representation oí local producers. There are 10 Boards, one for each Corpoica's Regional: these Regionals cover the entire country and each represcnts a distinct agroecological area. Corpoica has 21 research centers at regional level, they cover the different country's Variety oí agro-ecosystems anci ha-ve the support oí laboratories and experimental fields. At local levcl rhere are 58 Centers for Training. Extension and Diffusion oí Technology (CRECED), where local research takes place..

(8) Colomli,tn Corporation oí AgnculÉure Research. Rescarch Centers 1. 1. REGIONALES, SEDES Y CENTROS DE INVESTIGACION Subdirección ¿e S4stemas de Producción Programa Maciorial de Agroecosstemas royecto Sistema de Información Geográfica 1997 EGIOPJAL. El'. 12 •3. 4,57. El El6 El E18 Lillo. AREA % 3,56 5,72 5,86 9,65 7,42 3,94 26,30 1,36 31.62. SED€ - Mosquera - Cereté - Valledupar - Bello - Palmira. -Ibagué - Bucaramanga - Villavicencio - Manizales - Florencia. AREA TOTAL 114 174.800 ha (10%) ~TE: ,,.,,a. SIC 0. OIC*.cOLCIDNC1S.

(9) CORPOICA. !'()Untu,/ of ,1rbuscu/ar . Iuurri:as (.l.I) lo inprw' pialo marilion. thrmgIl( !Oi'raJl' Vid i'dvnc .çsress are du'/ogv a,o / tdOr;t'd! !inaOn?d,u o! ni zn/ U. Pot ato researeb conducied & Corpolca at rt'glonal and local icvcI lo :niprove seed qualitv wul crop vieids. hi Piani VJtUAMI.

(10) Coombian Corporauon of Agrictilturi Research. STRUCTURE FOR RESEARCH AND TRANSFERENCIE OF TIECNNOLOGY Corpolca works through two types of programs, each with its corresponding unes of research. 1. N .vnoN.\1.. 1. a. Strategic Research It is made up oí ten programs directed at the advancement oí science, access and control oí new technologies and new scientific methods applicable to research, making use oí progressive scientific achievements to develop new modeis and technologies, both: in the research as in the production processes. These technologies do not replace conventional techniques but rather reinforce. strengthen and reorder their way oí application, in order to improve the efficiency and capability oí agriculture production. b. Research on Production Systems It is made up oí eight programs that conduct basic investigation related to the identity and characterization oí each region 's operating systems, with the. purpose oí increasing the knowLedge oí the countrys biodiversity, its agro-ecosystems. strengths and vulnerability. 2. REGIONAL RESEARCH. It focusses on solving agricuítural problems and filling up the real techno!ogical needs oí farmers at their respective arcas. This research is carried out at the centers located in the area, and in each Regional through four programs: crops, livestock, production systems and transference oí technology. Their task is to define and execute the type oí basic research that neecis to be carried 0w, and the research processes that neeci to be adapted to the different existent technological products. Thereupon, to analyze the pertinent production systems from a biological, agroecological, climatic, socioeconomic, stand point and to execute the necessary processes to guarantee the difussion oí the obtained technology to the producers oí the region.. ri.

(11) STRRTEGIC ROESEINACH PA GR1IMS P. he purpose o1 Strategic Pesearch Programs is to develop nev methods and technology applicable to agriculture, arised from findings of basic research and scientific progress in general it is closely related to ne\v technology or 'leading ecige' technology. In these research and development processes are thc clues to continuous improemenr and competitiveness of production in the rnediurn and long tcrm. The rcsults of this type of research may, be of an intermediate nature as new, methods oriented towards greater efficiency and speed in the actual research application emerge, they also can provide new technological options that applied to production could represent new market and ¡nvcstment opportunitics.. COIPOICA.

(12) Colombian Corporation of Agiicuiltiirc Re.sc.irch. A(:RiCULI'UiAL 1101'EC1INO[O(Y oí Development and application modem biotechnologies to improve the efficiency oí research processes and create new opportunities for agricultural production. Its goal is to integrate the study oí biodiversity with biotechnology and the sustainable cconornic development of agriculture on the sound foundation oí basic and applied research.. LINES OF RESEARCH. • Plant tissue culture and in vitro micro propagation • Molecular diagnosis oí plan and insect pathogens • Planr Genetic engineering • Molecular markers in Plant Breecling • Isolation anci characterization oí plant defense genes againsr insects. pests and pathogens.. PLANT ECOPHYSIOLOGY It evaluates the response oí plants to the environment and determining plant 's attributes (morphological, physiological. biochemical and molecular) necessary for the efflcient use oí environmental resources, \vith a view to designe production systems better adapted to the agroecosystems condition oí the country. LINES OF RESEARCH. (. • Adaptation anci acclimatization mechanisms for plants which include: tolerance, evasion, escope and acclimatization • Post-harvest physiology. Etnbriogenic celis of Dominico hartan (fusa AAB Situmonds) usd in gene(ic ¿algineering. U.

(13) CORPOICA. u. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT. INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF SOIL AND WATER. The 1PM program conducts research and generates technology based on a deep knowledge oí biology, ecology and the dynamics oí agroecosystems in order to control pcsts with minimum environmental impact and maximum benefit to agricultura! production.. This program studies the dynamic oí nutrients in the soil-water-plant system to generate and conduct technologies that enable the efficient use oí soil anci water, competitively and appropriately to the agroecological. socioeconomic and cultural conditions oí the country, while reducing environmental deterioration through systems oí sustainable production \vithin a concept oí integrated nutrition oí crops.. LINES OF RESEARCH. • Biological control • Biological. ecological and taxonomical studies • Conventional and non-conventional control methods • Varietal resistance. LINES OF RESEARH. • Dynamics of water and nutritional elements • Conservation and recovery oí soi!s and water • Biological aspects oí fertility • Irrigation risk in crop production • Drainage oí agricultural fields.. B. A.- S:ar,n / Rha:natocerus schistocercoides (IucuiJ u: ¡he Eaxiern suvan,:a.v o[('o/ombia It.- I.ocusi n: mp): infected n it): Sletarhi:ium ansioplae 1 /'wpt'xtw:de ¿k'reluped b: .t hP pro gran:.

(14) (oIonI,ian Corporation of gnctilturr kee,rh. GENETIC PLANT RESOURCES. ANIMAL BIOTECI-INOLOGY. It develops and uses methodologies for the conservation oí currently important anci promising specics that have \vilcl/uncultivated pareritage. It studies their genetic variabilitv through their morphological. physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization thus promoting the use of rnaterials for the implementation oí sustainable production systems and thc solution oí tcchnological J)roblems.. It aclapts and clevelops methods of molecular biology. fermentation. embryos mnicromanipulation and monoclonal antibodies, in order to improve animal production systems through molecular characterization oí animal and microbial populations anci iheir response to extemnal factors. genetic animal improernent and environmental protection.. LINI3S OF RESEARCH • Conservation oí germplasm • Characterization oí genetic variability • Enrichment oí genetic bases. LINES OF RESEARCH. • Methodology for the diagnosis and evaluation oí ifie immune response in animal species • Embryos Manipulation for animal conservation and improvement • Genetic molecular characterization for animal irnprovement • Molecular characterization oí pathogenous agents • Aclaptation and development oí bioprocesses applied to environmental protection. (ieneiic rariabiliii of beans Pliaseolus vulgaris L. an impar/ant legumeJbr he basic din o[hwnans dan lo jis highproiein co,,tnni. ( onsulering lile wide variobilisi of¡he colkcied ,naterials, ('orpoica focas ¡(5 (lite ¡iliOn Oil developiig more efficient ,ninrials ¡o hrms oJ ie!d atd costs per Kg of grain imilli ¡he parpase of increasing of/ce vn ¡he market as well as conswnption afilie bean.

(15) CORPOICA. ANIMAL NUTRITION. LINES OF RESEARCJl • Evaluation systems and utilization oí feeds resources for meet, mi!k and eggs production under tropical conditions • Digestion. fermentation and microbiology oí the gastrointestinal tract • Strategic use oí minerais supiements in tropical {eeding systems for cattle, poultry and swine • Evaluation oí secondary metabolites in tropical íeeding systems. The program studies the different components related to the consolidation and the competitive and sustainable outlook oí the production commoclity chains national system (primary production. agroindustry. milk production, meat, egos). This is carried out through the formulation oí regional animal feeding systems and livestock developrnent models, based on the balance between the sustainabe use of natural resources and the present and fuwrc demand oí animal protein for human consumption, consistent with the dynarnics oí internal anci externa¡ markets and the grovth and quality oí life expectations of the Colombian people.. 1 .. •• s. '. I/w manivu/a'ion ofrwni , ,aI b jOFnUSS pro/R)r!io/I ul hateriajunL'i /r andproto:oapermits the incrdnk'nt lJ ruuunaj !1ri1i:a(io' o! (0w quu/ifl Ir;gc. t -. .•'. 1. ,•. .';. -,. :". ,#'. '1. -.

(16) CoIoinhi'in Corporitkni oí ,\gnciil(urv lcscirc}i. ANIMAL ECOPHYSIOLOGY. LINESOFRESEARCITI. Conservation oí germplasm • Characterization oí germplasm • Utilization of that germplasm in production systems. It studies the existing interactions between the environment anci physiological animal behaviour and seeks to propitiate harmony betveen the animal and the impact oí these interactions on production and productivity oí nationally important animal species.. o. ANIMAL HEALTH. UNES OF RESEARCH. It generates scientific and technological knowledge to contribute to the integrateci solution oí health problems that affect or could afíect the animal species oí interest to the country, giving initial priority to etiological studies and the behaviour oí infectious, parasitic and toxic diseases in intensive and semi-intensive production systems, with a view to mercase the productivity and provide alternatives to the control and/or erradication oí these diseases.. • Growth ecophysiology • Adult stage ecophysiology • Peprocluction ecophysiology. GENETIC ANIMAL RESOURCES This program worls with native and naturalized bovine races (4 bovine, 8 ovine, 1 caprine, 1 porcine, 2 oí rabbits and various unes oí african bees).. LINES OF RESEARCH. • Characterization of infectious, parasitic and toxic pathogenous agents • Study oí the pathogenous and immunity mechanisms oí the infectious, parasitic and toxic diseases • Study oí the environmental causes oí disease. It also preserves, reproduces and characterizes the genetic variability oí the animal species important to Colombia, and promotes the use oí this genetic material in the production systems through the exploitation oí its hybrid vigour and its great adaptability to tropical Colombian environmental conditions.. 2 11.

(17) CORI'OICJ. ACE SEAftCH PROGRAM5 ON PRODUCTION SYSTEMS The task oí this Sub-Directiori is directed at improving the living conditions oí the producer by reducing production costs, increasing yield ¿md productivity, protecting the environment and enhancing the rational use oí procluctic'n resources. AGROECOSYSTEMS. BIOMETRY. It produces anci applies meihodologies tc characterize ¿md asscss the açricultural production systems oí the countr y. \vith thc purpose oí generating information that will support planning and endorse decision making in the rcsearch and technological transference process, leading to the implementation oí agricultural systems that respond to equitable. sustainable ana competitive entena.. It invcstigates ¿md provides support in matters o biostatistics and bio-data to researchers and extenSionists throughout the entire tcchnological generation process. to ensure that recommendations to the producer have the rigour demanded by scientific method.. LINES OF RESEARCH. u. • Characterization and specialization oí agroecosystems • Evaluation and lanci classification • Definition ¿in(¡ measurement oí variables ¿md indicators oí sustainability. UNES OF RESEARCH • Adaptation, development and use oí biostatistical techniques • Adaptation ¿md developmem oí logical biostatistical support • l-landling and administration oí technical data provided by research anci extension programs • Tcchnical support on biostatistics and bio data processi ng.

(18) (olinnhin Corpor,iion of Agriculuin Iksearch. PLANT EPIDEMIOLOGY Ir generares, validates and cliff uses kno\vledge related ro ilie pest's biology and their dynarnics within the agroecosysrcms in order ro sustain thc development oí alternarives iii coherently handling with environmental balance.. • Risk analysis oí Animal Diseases • Epidemiological investigarions oí outbreaks • Methodologies for the generation oí epiderniological information • Studies on ifie population dynamics oí enclernic diseases. LINES OF RESEARCH • Identification oí causing agents • Population dynarnics. VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY The prograrn is devoteci to the developmcnt. validation and transference oí technology on methodologies oí epiclemiologic analysis of constrains ro livestock productivitv, with cmphasis on animal healrh; rhrough rescirch clesigned ro provide efflcient and sustainable solutions ro prioritary, problems oí livcstock farmers, and to ensure the increment and competitieness oí livestock production for the bcnefit oí society. LINES OF RESEARCFL • Identification and characterization oí factors thai affect animal health and production • Development oí strategies for the diagnosis oí animal diseases. I'sis ¡o de:er,njne ¡he resisiance ¡o pesticides in popukitions oíectoparasites of cattle. Tesi of larval inortalitv 8.- ist ¡o eva/note ¡he egg laying capacirv.

(19) COIPOICA. u. SOCIOECONOMIC STUDIES. UNES OF RESEARCH. It generates methodologies. analysis and information to clirect research and thc transference oí technology nccording to ffie institutional objectives of competiti\-cness. sustainabilit y and equitable ci ee lo f) en t.. • Stucly anci identification o information nceds • icientification anci application of data-proccssing technology as a mcans of transferring agricultura! information • Devcloprnent ancl maintenance ot information services. LINES OF RFSEARCI1 • Icononiy of science and technological change • Environmental econorny • Dcveloprnent prospects: competitiveness and su sta ¡ nabí II ty TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION NETWORK 'I'he program guarantees the ílow of scientifictechnological information generateci by CORPOICA and the agricultural sector in general, accorcling to the information needs of its users. The objective is to investigate and to generate processes and rnechanisms for the management of scientific and technoÍogical information supported by data proccssing technology.. ( I,,if'jon .lgricii/tural Librar i, ( e,?er1r lu/or?nation on lwnfona/ a,,d ¡n!ernai';na/ Iii 'ra(ure ,i :h orie,;t'I çervices lo re çt'arc/k'rs, 'xhnsfomS!s. ¡'fannig açnts,síudnrs 2nd Jij/ernr us'rs (>¡ti;¡, agrL'u1tura11e2. Iz.

(20) (oIoirtbiin ('olpIIrtion oí Agntiiliiire Fie.tich. AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND POST-HARVEST It generates and valiclates mechanical technofogy that aliows the optimization oí ah the rcsources oí nricultural production. \ithout harming natural resources, while reducing production costs, maintaining ylelcis anci incrcasing profitability to maIc producers more competitive. LINES OF RESEARCH. • Development oí mechanization • Thermal-economic evafuation oí irnplements, equipment and processes • Design and adaptation oí agricultural and agroinciustry machinery, • Conditioning and transformation oí agricultural proclucts. the demand, analysis oí factors in decision-makin and cvaíuation oí thc technoiogical offer. LINES OF RESEARCH • Charaterization of corporate clients • Design and application oí decision-making modeis on ifie use oí tcchnology • Design oí mareting and tcchnological transference stratcgies • Evaluation oí the tcchnological offcr • Training on transference oí technoiogy. METHODS FOR TRANSFERENCE OF TECI-INOLOGY The objective oí the methods oí technical transference program is the design oí methodoiogies and cicvelopment oí strategies for thc extension and mar[eting oí agricultural techno!ogy, to raise the degree oí ¡nnovation and adoption oí technology in production systems. 1'liis is made possible through knowledge oí. To delss'er ¡echuícal innovations ( 'orpoica si'orks a/so srishparticipaiis'c sirategies sihichfiscilitate adoption.

(21) COII>()CA. REGI NIALS BASE OF REGIONAL. REACH I3'ac:t. RESEARCI-!. 1. CEINT. Luli,lIrlilua1...,. u,,lata 1 ie.,Iih md •\,,im,ui. l't,'. -:.,i.i<-.. I'.iiii,. hç.0 h:irIc. I'rI oIL. r'k j—ulif,.i;ap 1 it,. ti. u. ij,'!,lub;i Sucre 4..tll l'ru' i,lei!..i(1. .'.it. :ti. <Ui! lluil. 11j.44,I iilaui:','i.. •i 4»p.ti . 1 l4.-.,l:l:.ln3. l4.'UI!!:<. 4,1',:..' ,.,.:s .4 'u,:,-. l'l,'1IIiiI44ui ' '1 1 l44ti1..uI. d,uiil'Ie pu '''e c;iiiie ('cel <tIlle. 1. uru,d,,in:r 1<. llis. Le'.ui. (4I1(ii1I(1. -4 .iriI,i.0. 1 ,411,.0, riI(lI,ml,4S '.iiU(i! ,4IuiC %1,4II!!. \l.,-a,lalen.0. -',t,tll'!:l:I. tml!11!'.'!!44!< "'í'''. lS))4l.i. ii,. 1. -\flhi, .,tui.i. '4. tito_u'. 4 tOicí •. '.4441144.4. 1-1 1 '4. 411 e. 114.4. \ariñ.'. '4,1k. id ( .,ue.,. -1. iileui.ip:i. -1. .4. 1'.i. Iltul., i,'Iirua. ,hul'Ie pci ''e .aliie 1. ¡liii CIII,.,. se1ZCi;il,Ieo CiIIl'Il. ililican. -1 1 \li'.t. 'It. -( (I,,,illuu.,i. <uitIe iI,'uiIi. Ienitne , 4414<41. t'.OiC' pali!..'.. 4.'I Rice a_'u'rr 41!!i. '1. iII.i. I4.ChiCI,'. \Lla. '4. aldim. Ir:. 1 4. uuIiQuOa.. 4.lI/.1. '4. ,III4.. '. 4 41144144. (,Ii. 14 -.14 .l!i!i.lil. \!.iii;'..i;.. ',,iii \iuJr'. l,.Is. ti,,'41P1 4.444. ,iui.I l'r,. den_e. '141<. i1.,i:- "IU4. ( i's(ir: \, ' ull, 1 euler 1101 \,'i!h '1 '. -rU, .1 \l.,aJ,,I,-u,,. 'mIltiliilIli:i :. ( :iluc;u:. '4. 1. a,! 1,41 \.,',,l,. alica. \ariPii: 1 l,ahI.,id. ú1 \.lIIfl('. 4.. •ti,d. '4. iii cs,'l \l,cr;i,.laietla. \,,rll, NI 114441.4. S,,,,tli N'a,iliari,l and ( 'euler ol L oluna. ''4 !I!4.l. l:(_4IiNll. 044,111 ,.lile.. -S;rlan,:iva. clint,ulu lr,ut s ellelahicu Ilcu edil. l'.Ill1i:!1a. -1 1 ,'a,Iuj. hario.. S:uiila,tdcr: I'ru,rtiice al Vele, Sl;i,'daleiia Mcdi S,trilandercai,' Plus 4fl_: 0,144.4 Ruma 1i!I.IiIufll.I '4,44 riCe ,l '4,11. \r,lil:i. 1 .loari.irc.. -'4 .iIIlIi.itIIl;l. \i<!.i (,u.tUiI,i. '1 .t i.It'CU,ld. \I.Il;id,i. palIto.. ÜCl',!. ilIIddtd. Ieírlricu. I:rl,:i,i.. <(.44 .4. ñ.,,ij pc4 ui!r'. ' he',, ''aio (ice '\tr'n p.uI:ri. oy1,ean, ei(r,c'.. ,'Ihci iruil,. <('lii. ,..ltll,.,I,.11ll'Iml lnllrT'Sou ..itils'. ''rL. l'Iar!l,uill. I(us:ir;ild;i. u ItIa,Lhcr,e. trCml 1,11111,. I',,l,uiicis u. ',uirII, llí S1I1IaIIIICI41 Fi'riliu 'oiih-l-.i,I. I'r,' lIl,_d 411 Uc;uOa.. \r;Iucl:. \rau,..I. 3 i,,ai,6lre: 'i,'j).il \Is'Ia:. -\!:.!,. ( 1:14 i:ure. 1 aid.,, '(tillad,'. \rl:.,,.'ll,t'. 1. ,4(ll<!,i 1, z._il LI - 4. 31I(41.1i 4. 11.I: .. '-1114. IiiIiriI;i. Inc • 'lhci trullo ¡ui'' C.11llC. siOlIl e_loe C('Cu4.l. l l u,rIi. l,uiIl,il,, I. Iii. ',i,çi 4: 1 ure .4s. llrur se!abIe-. Iiiiil,i: '. au!h '1 tu,!.,. 10 ;'e 1l.iiilml(lIil',. .iad. Sa!,l:iild,.-I. 114:14:444. '1 .. -'. \,'r!i, ol 'o_rr,l.rnder .441,1. -1 ¡ ,'sroeiial 3!. U.l. i' il' ' e cauic IIIITL p411!!'. s I1L1 4 111,414 (f,,lIli,iuillci. .,t1.1. ':'llil:c . 1 .liajlra: 1 li(i \iulJle .44411 "('(OIl 4 ,u.ii.0. t snui lll;Uulauui I'iri:liia OIICI! <Iris Cml,'!.3'1,'' Ir, ' , ' la!' leaLIrllc. •I'.ilruii.0. -\.iraIl!ia. a. 1 ,ualim a. n,,IL —mie h,el. -1 1 '-.a'. ___________________________________ (u . 114.111111.. i:'r. %IIauu(imlhi: 1. .iIiI,c. l,i!ailaIeiI;I:. -. lal., i i,t l' , '. har \aIl. aci:. ,,ril,,lia:. i u .riI!l. CRECED. i,iui,nailiarr:i:. '-'an 'miiili i'' IsIi. 1(44!'. i. und,uua .,i,I 1lun,.,. 44. ccL:! \i::i,,1 e . ''J -i Il'iilefl de 131441!. :1 CS.II. I). F. (. I1. ,rs luilitire. çtitii,.tiI1i11 '4 1... (T. PRINCIPAL i'RODtCTION S. -\i.te.i:,,.t!. 1. 'lI' ii ,'!lldI 4. pr,iuiuiour. Ct ,bie• ,,!.'- lu!!e11* aud sd:lcl,,luIe. (144:44 late. 3 ild:io: '4i.i;111,ileiia riied It' C4uI,Ien4c daRlas ()iuiiili'i: flisar:rlda: I<io;irld:i '4uui,l,llui,14. ',cI.t/:'il.d.. (aquta: I'iittiuri:us 0! 13:uiu l'tiiuuiii,is,'.

(22) Coloinbi,rn (lo;oraion oí \gncuhure Iesc.irch. Corp9'ica and Strateq'iC 1111,i@nces e. orpoicas inter-related flet\vOrk has been constituted with dic criteria thai the establishment oí sirategic alliances is rhe vay ro rationalize and optimize thc tasks it rnust carry out fo cornply wiili oí its institutional rnission. At rhis respect, ihe alijes the Corporation are inregrated as veIl as inregrating elements in research and ihe transterence oí icchnoiogy iii Corpoica. The alliances have been built around ah ihose forces comrnitred to the construction and rnaintenarice oí a research and technological transference agenda that can propel the advancernent of the national agricultura! sector. Such alfiances are made UI) oí 335 stratcgic agreements. mosi oí them (70%), ar regional leve!. It is importani ro point out that 40% of those alijes belong to ffie privare sector: guilcis. associations. íederations, agricultural enrerprises wirh 29 universities; \vhiie 60% are vith governmenrai insritutions. at national. regional anci local leve!. organizations, governorships, agricultural secretariats, to\vnhalls, municipal units oí agricuitural technical assistance, UMATA. regional corporations. etc. Corpoica has also achieved a closer understanding with international organizations dedicated ro science and agricultural technohogy such as CGIAR centres, vith entities such as the World i3an, European Econornic Community, BENELUX, FAO, IICA, INIBAR IPGRI. universities including: Texas, Corneli, Gembloux, Lovaina, Maryland. Brussels, and research centres like CIMMY'L CIR dAT, and the Cuban Cerner for Genetic and Biochemical Engineering..

(23) COlPOlG\. Development of Human Resources. T. he human capabilitv of Corpoica to spccihcally c1cek)p the scientitic anci technOk)gica! wor1, is bcing constructed arouncl dli open svstcm oí rcsearch ¿mcl technologica! transference. \vhich intcratcs, throuli rnajor intcrdiscip!inarv projccts. mcmhcrs ot strong critical niascs. specialized outside as weli as inside the Corporation. in strateic ¿md environmental rescarch, as well as expertise in corporate anci peasant S CcoflOrfly.. Todav, Corjx)ica as the cerner oí ihis open system, has at the research arca, 52 PH.!) (i 0%), 199 MS. (34%). 25 Spcciahsts. (311). and 259 lrofessiona!s (54%). oí .'\s !ev strategics efficicncv. re!c-ance and actua!ity for Wc achievement of its mission. in thc national and international contcxt. Corpoica has establisheci as its central purpose. raisino the participation oí liih!y qualified personne!. enab!ing ihe organízation to çcnerdte thc dvnarnics that the system requires and lo stimu!ate a closer re!ationship with the international scientific comrnunity..

(24) Coloinbiait Corportioa of Agnculturc. Ieeauth. Biblioteca Agiopecuaria de Colombia - BAC. 11111111111111 010100031182 $. VeocallirnasirLvfrontalis V/ 1701 oloni:iç' llracitiaria decumbensforaç,'e Scanning 1:/ectron Ø tlicroscope (SE:ví,,i. Animal .\'writion tea/o sonlies ¡he ¡masion and coloni:ation b li , anaerohic ru,neníungi of tropical forages, finding evidencesfar a high breakdown ofligniediissues by 1/tese micraor500içn:s. .VeocalliinastrLvfronta!is Ironi rilosoma! D.\•l sequenl,e dato, researJi'rs (,i th' .lnma! :Viiritio,z Pro ,i,'rom, iv to esiahiish (he historv of morphological eVOlUtIVO aol/lake a (hrecl a/)/)roaah ¡o ¡he ,nolecular Jzúracter::ation of strains Iwigi Consenvii ¡o thc rwninal lnicro-organisn: bank of(orpoica.

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