Español IV Imperfecto y el Pretérito

Español IV

Imperfecto y el Pretérito

Nombre:_________

Contenido:

1. Reglas del imperfecto y el pretérito

2. Frases importantes

3. Actividades para practicar 4. Una canción

5. Proyectos

El Pretérito

❖

Use the preterit tense to state specific actions completed in the past.

Pedro salió del colegio y caminó hasta el café.

Pedro left school and walked to the café.

❖

Use the preterit tense to say an action that interrupts another action in progress in the past.

Yo miraba la televisión cuando sonó el teléfono.

I was watching television when the phone rang.

❖

Use the preterit tense to say what day it was or what the date was in the past.

Ayer fue lunes.

Yesterday was Monday.

❖ Use the preterit to state that you did not do something.

No fui al banco.

I didn’t go to the bank.

❖

Use the preterit tense to mark the beginning or the end of an action.

I started to play the guitar when I was 8.

Empecé a tocar la guitarra cuando tenía 8 años.

❖

Use the preterit to state an action that took place during a specific period of time.

Toqué el piano por 6 años.

I played the piano for 6 years.

❖

These words or phrases are commonly followed with actions in the preterit tense:

➼

Un día, ese día

➼ Una vez, raras veces

➼

El lunes/martes/miércoles, ect.

➼ Nunca

El Imperfecto

❖

Use the imperfect tense to say habitual actions in the past, without focusing on their beginning or end.

Yo siempre salía del colegio y caminaba al café.

I always left school and walked to the café.

❖ Use the imperfect tense to tell what time it was in the past.

Eran las dos y cuarto de la mañana.

It was 2:15 A.M.

❖

Use the imperfect tense to ‘set the scene’, or describe actions that were in progress in the past.

Felipe y José bebían café y escuchaban música.

Felipe and José were drinking coffee and listening to music.

❖

Use the imperfect tense of estar and a gerund to express the past progressive.

Pilar estaba corriendo cuando se cayó.

Pilar was running when she fell.

❖ Use the imperfect tense to describe the weather in the past.

Estaba nublado y hacía frío.

It was cloudy and it was cold.

*ojo* Weather that is considered a completed ‘event’

is told in the preterit:

Hubo una tormenta.

There was a storm.

❖ Use the imperfect tense to describe physical or personality characteristics of people in the past.

Mi mejor amiga era alta, tenía el pelo oscuro, y era muy simpática.

My best friend was tall, had dark hair, and was very nice.

❖

Use the imperfect tense to describe physical or emotional states of being in the past.

El bebé estaba impaciente porque tenía mucha hambre.

The baby was impatient because it was very hungry.

❖

Use the imperfect tense (with ir+a+infinitive) to state a future action planned in the past (something that you ‘were going to do’).

íbamos a salir, pero empezó a llover.

We were going to leave, but it started to rain.

❖

These words and phrases are commonly followed with actions in the imperfect tense:

➼

Todos los días

➼

Cada año

➼ Mientras (que)

➼ Siempre

➼

Muchas veces

Preterit Vs. Imperfect:

Remember, Spanish has two past tenses: preterit and imperfect. Most verbs can be put into either tense, depending upon the meaning. The preterit tells us specifically when an action took place. The imperfect tells us in general when an action took place.

Some words and phrases indicate specific time frames, and therefore signal the use or the preterit:

Preterit Ayer (yesterday)

Anteayer (the day before yesterday) Anoche (last night)

Desde el primer momento (from the first moment) Durante dos siglos (for two centuries)

El otro día (the other day) En ese momento (in that moment) Entonces (then)

Esta mañana (this morning) Esta tarde (this afternoon) La semana pasada (last week) El mes pasado (last month) El año pasado (last year)

Hace dos días, años (two days-years ago) Ayer por la mañana (yesterday morning) Ayer por la tarde (yesterday afternoon)

Other words and phrases indicate repetitive, vague or non- specific time frames, and therefore signal the use of the imperfect.

Imperfect A menudo (often)

A veces (sometimes) Cada día (every day) Cada Mes (every month) Cada año (each year)

Con frequencia (with frequency) De vez en cuando (from time to time) En aquella época (at that time) En aquél entonces (back then) Frecuentemente (frequently) Generalmente (usually,generally) Muchas veces (many times) Mucho (a lot)

Nunca (never)

Por un rato (for a while) Siempre (always)

Tantas veces (so many times) Todas las semanas (every week) Todos los días (every day) Todo el tiempo (all the time)

Varias veces (several times, various times)

Pretérito o imperfecto

For each blank, give the correct form of the preterit or the imperfect indicative of the verb in infinitive.

English version: Well, it was Tuesday, and I was walking through the park. The sun was shining and I was happy. As I was following a path through the trees, I suddenly saw a man running to my left. He had something in his hand. I tried to see where he was coming from and why he was running so fast. Back in the forest, I saw a woman; I went towards her. She was shouting, "He stole my purse while I was reading." I followed the man for a while, but I couldn't capture him. I called the police, and waited fifteen minutes until they arrived.

Pues, _________________ (ser) martes, y yo _______________________ (caminar) por el

parque. El sol ____________________ (brillar) y yo ______________________ (estar) contento.

Mientras__________________________ (seguir) una senda por los árboles, de repente ___________________________ (ver) a un hombre corriendo a la izquierda. El

________________________ (tener) algo en la mano. Yo _____________________ (tratar) de ver de dónde _______________ (venir) y por qué _____________________ (correr) tan

rápidamente. En el bosque yo _________________ (ver) a una mujer; ______________ (ir) hacia ella. Ella ______________________________ (estar) gritando, —El me

________________________ (robar) la bolsa, mientras yo ______________________ (leer).—

Yo _____________________(seguir) al hombre por un rato, pero yo no . ____________________

(poder) capturarlo. Yo _____________________ (llamar) a la policía, y ____________________

(esperar) quince minutos hasta que ellos ____________________ (llegar).

Preterit and Imperfect Review The bear:

Identify the form you think the verb will take by circling the appropriate letter (I = Imperfect / P

= Preterit) in the following paragraphs.

When my family was living ( I / P ) in California, we used to go ( I / P ) every summer to a national park that I liked ( I / P ) a lot. Last summer I returned ( I / P ) to California with a friend and we decided ( I / P ) to spend a weekend in the park. My friend wanted to ( I / P ) take nature photographs.

On Saturday we left ( I / P ) camp very early. It was ( I / P ) 6:00 in the morning and it was ( I / P ) very cold. We were walking ( I / P ) along a path when suddenly we saw ( I / P ) a huge bear. It was eating ( I / P ) blackberries. Unfortunately it sensed ( I / P ) us and began ( I / P ) to approach us. We threw down ( I / P ) our knapsacks and ran ( I / P ) as fast as our legs could carry us. My buddy lost ( I / P ) his camera.

After half an hour we stopped ( I / P ) to rest. We waited ( I / P ) for two hours and then we returned ( I / P ) to look for the camera and our packs. Fortunately, we found ( I / P )

everything.

El oso:

Now read the story in Spanish and fill in the blanks with the preterit or imperfect forms of the verbs in parentheses.

Cuando mi familia ________________ (vivir) en California, nosotros ____________ (ir) todos los veranos a un parque nacional que me ________________ (gustar) mucho. El verano pasado yo ______________ (volver) a California con un amigo y ________________ (decidir) pasar un fin de semana en el parque. Mi compañero _______________ (querer) sacar fotos de la naturaleza.

El sábado ________________ (salir) del campamento muy temprano. _______________

(ser) las 6:00 de la mañana y _______________ (hacer) mucho frío. Nosotros

_________________ (caminar) por una senda cuando de repente (suddenly) _________________

(ver) un oso gigante. El oso __________________ (comer) moras. Desafortunadamente nos ________________ (percebir) y ________________ (comenzar) a acercarse a nosotros. Nosotros ________________ (tirar) las mochilas al suelo y ________________ (correr) a todo escape. Mi compañero ______________ (perder) su cámara.

Después de media hora ________________ (pararse) para descansar. _________________

(esperar) dos horas y entonces _________________ (volver) a buscar la cámara y las mochilas.

Afortunadamente lo ___________________ (encontrar) todo intacto.

Una vez (haber) tres osos que (vivir) en una casa linda en el bosque: Papá Oso, Mamá Osa, y Bebé Oso. Un día Mamá Osa (hacer) una sopa rica y (poner) tres platos en la mesa. Como (ser) mediodía, todos (sentarse) para comer porque (tener) muchísima hambre. Primero Papá Oso (probar) la sopa y (decir) -¡Ay! ¡Está demasiado caliente! Bebé Oso y Mamá Osa (querer) comerla pero no (poder) porque

(estar) tan caliente como la sopa de Papá Oso. La familia de tres osos (decidir) dar un paseo mientras (enfriarse) la sopa. (ser) un día bonito de verano y (hacer) sol.

Los tres osos (divertirse) en el bosque cuando una muchacha perdida (llegar) a la casa.

Ella (llamarse) Ricitos de Oro y (ser) una muchacha muy curiosa. Ella siempre (jugar) cerca de su casa pero ese día ella (perderse) en el bosque. Ricitos de Oro

(acercarse) a la casa y (mirar) por la ventana pero no (haber) nadie en la casa.

Ella (abrir) la puerta y (entrar) en la casa. Ricitos de Oro (alegrarse) mucho cuando (ver) tres platos de sopa: un plato grande, un plato mediano, y otro pequeño. Ella

(comer) toda la sopa del plato pequeño porque (estar) perfecta - ni demasiado caliente ni fría.

En la casa también (haber) tres sillas: una grande, una mediana, y otra pequeñita. Ricitos de Oro (sentarse) en la silla de Papá Oso, la de Mamá Osa, y por fin la de Bebé Oso. A Ricitos de Oro le (gustar) más la silla de Bebé Oso pero (ser) pequeña para ella. De repente se le

(romper) la silla y Ricitos de Oro (caerse) al suelo. Ella (estar) muy cansada y (acostarse) en las camas de Papá Oso, de Mamá Osa, y de Bebé Oso. La cama de Bebé Oso

(ser) tan cómoda que (dormirse) en seguida.

Poco después, los osos (volver) del bosque dispuestos a comer la sopa. En el momento de ver la puerta abierta, el plato vacío, y la silla rota, ellos (saber) que alguien (estar) en su casa. Nadie

(saber) qué pensar. Entonces los osos (ir) a la alcoba. ¡Qué sorpresa (tener) allí! En la cama de Bebé Oso (haber) una chica! Ella (dormir) pero cuando

(oír) las voces de los osos, (despertarse) asustada. Ricitos de Oro (dar) un salto y

(huir) de la casa. Ricitos de Oro (seguir) una senda conocida en el bosque hasta llegar a

su casa.

Canción: Qué Hiciste por JLo

Ayer los dos ______________ con un mundo perfecto Ayer a nuestros labios les ______________ las palabras

Porque en los ojos nos ______________ el alma Y la ______________ no vacilaba en tu mirada

Ayer nos ______________ conquistar el mundo entero

Ayer tú me ______________ que este amor sería eterno

Por que una vez equivocarse ______________

Para aprender lo que es amar sinceramente

¿Que hiciste? Hoy ______________ con tu orgullo la esperanza

Hoy ______________ con tu furia mi mirada Borraste toda nuestra historia con tu rabia Y ______________ tanto amor que te entregaba Con un ______________ para si romperme el alma

¿Que hiciste? Nos ______________ a destruir las madrugadas

Y nuestras noches las ______________ tus palabras Mis ilusiones ______________ con tus farsas

Se te ______________ que era el amor lo que importaba

Y con tus manos ______________ nuestra casa

Mañana que ______________ un día nuevo en mi universo

Mañana no veré tu nombre ______________ entre mis versos

No escucharé ______________ de arrepentimiento Ignoraré sin pena tu remordimiento

Mañana ______________ que ayer yo fui tu fiel amante

Mañana ni siquiera habrá ______________ para ______________

Yo ______________ todos tus sueños de mis sueños Que el viento arrastre para siempre tus recuerdos

¿Que hiciste? Hoy ______________ con tu orgullo la esperanza

Hoy ______________ con tu furia mi mirada Borraste toda nuestra historia con tu rabia Y ______________ tanto amor que te entregaba Con un ______________ para si romperme el alma

¿Que hiciste? Nos ______________ a destruir las madrugadas

Y nuestras noches las ______________ tus palabras Mis ilusiones ______________ con tus farsas

Se te ______________ que era el amor lo que importaba

Y con tus manos ______________ nuestra casa…

Proyectos – Choose one type of project. They are both due on (A1/4) February 5 and (B8) Feb 6. For each of the projects you should turn in a written script or paper.

Show & Tell

This project requires you to bring items that represent at least fifteen significant events from your childhood and tell us about them in Spanish. Some suggestions follow:

Information about your birth—where, when, doctor, gifts you received, history of your name, nicknames (apodos) [Birth certificate, gifts, photos]

Describe your physical appearance—height, weight, eye color, hair color, etc. [Lock of hair, photos]

Describe your personality—were you happy, sad, spoiled, ornery, disobedient? [Home video]

Describe your home—family members, pets, house [Photos, stuffed animals]

Describe your education—preschool, kindergarten, first grade, etc. [School-related items]

Describe your diet—favorite foods, things you would not eat, how much you ate [Play food]

Describe your habits and daily routines—friends, people you liked, favorites (games, stories, songs, toys), things you disliked [Props]

Describe significant events in your life—illnesses, firsts [smile (sonrisa), turn over (dar vuelta), laugh (risotada), tooth, crawl (gatear), sit up, stand up (ponerse de pie), walk, drink from a cup, words, sentences, birthday, holidays), trips and other experiences

[Home video or props]

Describe cute things that you did or said, what you wanted to be when you grew up [Hats]

Video or PowerPoint Presentation

This project is the same thing as the “Show and Tell” project, but instead you will be selecting photos and graphics that represent at least fifteen significant events from your childhood and will tell us about them in Spanish through a PowerPoint Presentation. Some suggestions follow:

Information about your birth—where, when, doctor, gifts you received, history of your name, nicknames (apodos) [Birth certificate, gifts, photos]

Describe your physical appearance—height, weight, eye color, hair color, etc. [Lock of hair, photos]

Describe your personality—were you happy, sad, spoiled, ornery, disobedient? [Home video]

Describe your home—family members, pets, house [Photos, stuffed animals]

Describe your education—preschool, kindergarten, first grade, etc. [School-related items]

Describe your diet—favorite foods, things you would not eat, how much you ate [Play food]

Describe your habits and daily routines—friends, people you liked, favorites (games, stories, songs, toys), things you disliked [Props]

Describe significant events in your life—illnesses, firsts (smile, turn over, laugh, tooth, crawl, sit up, stand up, walk, drink from a cup, words, sentences, birthday, holidays), trips and other experiences [Home video or props]

Describe cute things that you did or said, what you wanted to be when you grew up [Hats]