UD 7 HEALTH AND SAFETY 3ºESO ENG 15 16
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(2) The prevention of occupational hazards A work occupational hazard is any likelihood of injury to the worker when carrying out its task. The health and safety at work discipline seeks to promote the safety and health of workers by: > Identification, evaluation and control of occupational hazards associated with a production process >the development of activities and measures to prevent work-related occupational hazards (eg lectures and training courses) The law 31/1995 of 8th November about work occupational hazards prevention is devoted to this topic and requires companies to manage occupational hazard, for which they usually hire a qualified work occupational hazards technician.. 2.
(3) Types of occupational hazards Types: • work hazards related to work organization.. – Order, place, duration, worker assignement of operations .... • work hazards related to work environment. – Light / Noise / Gas / liquid / solid / living .... • work hazards arising from instruments, machines and tools. - Moving parts / sharp edges / electricals / chemicals / heights.... • work hazards related to the operator. – Position / distraction / tiredness / training. 3.
(4) measures against occupational hazards What to do to reduce the occupational hazards and harms? A. Before it occurs (PREVENTION). – A.0 Creating a health and safety department. • Hiring work occupational hazards technicians services to make the work occupational hazards prevention plan, including de formational and training plan. – A.1 General measures (dedicated to any hazard) • Order, quietness, cleanliness and hygiene. • Maintenance of equipment • Signage, distances, obstacles ... • Personal protective equipment (PPE) – A.2 Specific measures for each kind of hazard: Designed with a focus on integrated security (all aspects covered) • Measures in production organization. • Measures in work environment and working conditions • Measures in tools and machines • Measures in human operators. B. Just if an accident happened. • First aid kits, mobile phones for calling emergence groups. • toxic gases ventilation ... • Fire protection: plan of evacuation routes and exits, emergency lighting, fire extinguishers ... • etc .... 4.
(5) A.0 Health and safety deparment. 5.
(6) HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM We must engage the services of a technician in work occupational hazard prevention. Currently the title is obtained by means of courses and masters that are validated at official level. In the future there will be the creation of an official title.. At our business we must create a health and safety management system (HSMS) which as any management system has the following parts: • Initial occupational hazard analysis. • written report. Initial assessment. Policy and objectives. •Written occupational hazard prevention Manual (for ever). Evaluation of results. Checking and correction. Planning. • Written Annual Plan. Execution. 6.
(7) written documents of a WRMS •. DOC 1: WORK occupational hazardS MANUAL: WRMS description. – 1.0: Identification of occupational hazards and factors. – 1.1: General policy: The organization defines its commitments and motives to achieve about health and safety at work. – 1.2: Objectives: We propose the goals to achieve. – 1.3: General heads: It means a Health and safety committee. – 1.4: Heads of checking and correction. – 1.5: Heads of the final evaluation.. •. DOC 2: ANNUAL PLAN: – 2.1: Annual objectives: Specific objectives for the year.. • DOC 3: PROCEDURES Specific procedures to achieve the objectives. (Eg Procedure for maintenance of the drill, evacuation procedure in case of fire ...) In each next points must be indicated: • Goals of the procedure. • Assignment of responsibility and procedure verification. • Assignement of material resources • Instructions of the procedure. •. DOC 4: ANNUAL • Explanation of the final evaluation. Results. New goals for the coming year. 7.
(8) A.1 general measures. 8.
(9) A.1.1 safety signs Activity: write the meaning of these signals:. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. Warning Signs: Danger! Be careful!. 9.
(10) A.1.1 safety signs Activity: write the meaning of these signals:. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. Warning Signs: Danger! Be careful!. 9.
(11) Activity: write the meaning of these signals:. Obligation signs: You must wear...!. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. 10.
(12) Activity: write the meaning of these signals:. Obligation signs: You must wear...!. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. 10.
(13) Activity: write the meaning of these signals:. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. Obligation signs: You must wear...!. 10.
(14) Activity: write the meaning of these signals:. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. Prohibition signs: It is forbidden to...!. 12.
(15) Activity: write the meaning of these signals:. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. Prohibition signs: It is forbidden to...!. 12.
(16) Activity: Write the meaning of these signs:. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. Information signs: Here you have.... 11.
(17) Activity: Write the meaning of these signs:. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. Information signs: Here you have.... 11.
(18) Activity: Write the meaning of these signs:. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. Information signs: Here you have.... 11.
(19) Activity: Write the meaning of these signs:. Information signs: Here you have.... 11.
(20) Activity: Write the meaning of these signs:. Information signs: Here you have.... 11.
(21) Activity: Write the meaning of these signs:. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. Information signs: Here you have.... 11.
(22) Activity: Write the meaning of these signs:. Imagen: http://www.carpyasociados.com/. Information signs: Here you have.... 11.
(23) A.1.2 PPE Personal Protective Equipment Activity: write the name of the PPE and wich hazard they protect from.. Imagen https://technologynatura.wordpress.com/. 13.
(24) A.2 specific preventive measures. 14.
(25) Activity: Here is an analysis of the occupational hazards from the use of machines and tools. Read it and complete it if you think about something else. •. •. • • • •. occupational hazards arising from the energy source. Electricity • electrical current : work occupational hazard: through the body: burning, death. • electrical current : Work occupational hazard: short circuits or overloads: overheating and fire. Liquid or gaseous fuels • Work occupational hazard: Explosions/ Spill, leak / toxicity. occupational hazards arising from moving parts. – Work occupational hazard: entrapment (serious injury, loss of limbs) – Work occupational hazard: breakage of parts and release (injury, death ...) – Work occupational hazard: Vibration, noise, friction (psychological distress, stress…) occupational hazards from needlestick parts. – Work occupational hazard: punctures, cuts, wounds ... occupational hazards arising from the weights or other objects or substances – Work occupational hazard: falling (rush) – Work occupational hazard: gas exhaust (explosions, toxicity ....) occupational hazards arising from the volume and weight of the machine: – Work occupational hazard: overturning (Crush) And so on... 15.
(26) Activity: Lists measures that you propose in your business against work occupational hazards arising from the use of machines and tools. Ensure to have an integrated safety approach that includes the following sections: > Measures about organizational: work organization. > Measures about environment: environmental and working conditions > Measures about human factors: in the workers > Measures about material resources: objects, tools, machines, products .... 16.
(27) B. protective measures. 17.
(28) Activity: Regarding the same issue (occupational hazards from the use of machines and tools) and continuing with the previous activity ... Add now the protective measures you would take just if the accident would happen Eg mobile crews and first aid vent toxic gases .... 18.
(29)
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