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APEC 2002

Oscar Garcia

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid [email protected]

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3 3

3 Basic principles: classical PF pre-regulators Basic principles: classical PF pre-regulators Basic principles: classical PF pre-regulators 2 2

2 Regulations Regulations Regulations 1 1

1 Introduction Introduction Introduction

4 4

4 Sinusoidal line current alternatives Sinusoidal line current alternatives Sinusoidal line current alternatives

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5 5

5 Non sinusoidal line current alternatives Non sinusoidal line current alternatives Non sinusoidal line current alternatives

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40ms 50ms 60ms 70ms 80ms 90ms 100ms

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Time

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0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

Harmonic number

RMS current

Fundamental harmonic

accounts for active power

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ϕ =30º

k _d = 1 k _θ = 1

P.F. = 0.50 T.H.D. = 172%

P.F. = 1.00 T.H.D. = 0%

P.F. = 0.90 T.H.D. = 47%

P.F. = 0.87 T.H.D. = 0%

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YES

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YES

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T.D.D.

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5 5 8 8 12 12 15 15 20 20

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 Harmonic number

% of distortion respect fundamental

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[9] IEC 1000/3/2 International Standard, “Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current <16A per phase)”, 1995.

[15] Amendment 14:2000 to EN61000-3-2, OJ 14-12-2000

[16] “IEEE 519 Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems”, IEEE Industry Applications Society/ Power Engineering Society, 1993

[24] D. Chambers, D. Wang, “Dynamic power factor correction in capacitor input off line converters”, Powercon 6.

[24] G. Spiazzi, “Analysis of Buck Converters Used as Power Factor Preregulators”, IEEE PESC 1997.

[24] I. Barbi, S.A. Oliveira, “Sinusoidal Line Current Rectification at Unity Power Factor with Boost Quasi Resonant Converters”, IEEE APEC 1990.

[24] M. J. Kocher, R. L. Steigerwald, “A AC to DC Converter with High Quality Input waveforms”, IEEE PESC 1982.

[24] M.J. Schutten, R.L. Steigerwald, M.H. Kheraluwala, “Characteristics of Load Resonant Converters Operated in a High Power Factor Mode”, IEEE APEC 1991.

[24] O.R. Schmidt, “Quasi resonant AC/DC forward converter with sinusoidal input current”, INTELEC 1994.

[24] R. Watson, G.C. Hua, F.C. Lee, "Characterization of an Active Clamp Flyback Topology for Power Factor Correction Applications", IEEE APEC, 1994.

[26] L. H. Dixon, “High Power Factor Pre-regulators for Off-line Power Supplies”, Unitrode Power Supply Design Seminar 1988.

[26] Unitrode Application Note U-111, “Practical Considerations in Current Mode Power Supplies”, Unitrode Product & Applications Handbook 1995-96.

[27] R. Redl, N.O. Sokal, “Near optimum dynamic regulation of dc-dc converters using feedforward of output current and input voltage, with current mode control”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics Vol. 1.

[29] L. Dixon, “Average current mode control of switching power supplies”, Unitrode power supply design seminar 1990.

[30] R.B. Ridley, “Average small signal analysis of the boost power factor correction circuit”, Virginia Power Electronics Center 1989.

[30] D.S.L. Simonetti, J. Sebastian, J. Uceda, “A small signal model for SEPIC, Cuk and flyback converters as power factor preregulators in discontinuous conduction mode”, IEEE PESC 1993.

[32] K.K. Sen, A.E. Emanuel, “Unity power factor single phase power conditioning”, IEEE PESC 1987.

[32] C. Zhou, R.B. Ridley, F.C. Lee, “Design and analysis of a hysteretic boost power factor correction circuit”, IEEE PESC 1990.

[32] K. Nalbant, J. Klein, “Design of a 1kW power factor correction circuit”, PCIM conference 1990.

[32] C. Zhou, M.M. Jovanovic, “Design trade-offs in continuous current mode controlled boost power factor correction circuit”, Virginia Power Electronics Center 1992.

[34] H. Endo, T. Yamashita, T. Sugiura, “A High Power Factor Buck Converter”, IEEE PESC 1992.

[34] J. Sebastian, J. Uceda, J.A. Cobos, J. Arau, “Using SEPIC topology for Improving Power Factor in Distributed Power Supply Systems”, EPE journal Vol.3, No.2, June 1993.

[34] J. Sebastián, J.A.Cobos, J.M. Lopera, J.Uceda, ”The determination of the boundaries between continuous and discontinuous conduction mode in PWM DC to DC converters used as power factor pre-regulators”, IEEE Transactions on power electronics, Septiembre 1995, Vol. 10, No. 5.

[34] M. Brkovic, S. Cuk, “Input Current Shaper Using Cuk Converter” INTELEC 1992.

[36] K.H. Liu, and Y. L. Lin, “Current Waveform Distortion in Power Factor Correction Circuits Employing Discontinuous Mode Boost Converters”, IEEE PESC 1989 [36] D.Simonetti, J. Sebastián, José A. Cobos, J. Uceda, ”The continuous-discontinuous conduction boundary of a boost PFP fed by universal input”, Congreso

Internacional de Electrónica de Potencia (CIEP), 1995.

[38] J.S. Lai, D. Chen, “Design considerations for power factor correction boost converter operating at the boundary of continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode”, IEEE APEC 1993.

[39] W. Tang, F.C. Lee, R.B. Ridley, I. Cohen, “Charge control: modeling, analysis and design” Virginia Power Electronics Center 1992.

[40] R. Erickson, M. Madigan, S. Singer, “Design of a Simple High Power Factor Rectifier Based on the Flyback Converter”, IEEE APEC 1990.

5HIHUHQFHV,,>VOLGHQXPEHU@

[41] R. Redl, L. Balogh, “RMS, DC, peak, and harmonic currents in high frequency power factor correctors with capacitive energy storage”, IEEE APEC 1992.

[42] G. Hua, C.S. Leu, F.C. Lee, “Novel zero voltage transition PWM converters”, IEEE PESC 1992.

[43] J. Sebastián, P. Villegas, F. Nuño, M.M. Hernando, “Very Efficient Two Input DC to DC Switching Post-Regulators”, IEEE PESC 1996.

[45] J.P. Gegner, C. Hung, C.Q. Lee, "High Power Factor AC to DC converter using a Reactive Shunt Regulator”, IEEE PESC 1994.

[46] Y. Jiang, F.C. Lee, G. Hua, W. Tang, "A Novel Single-Phase Power Factor Correction Scheme", IEEE APEC 1993 [46] Y. Jiang, F.C. Lee, "Single Stage Single-Phase Parallel Power Factor Correction Scheme", IEEE PESC 1994.

[47] O. García, J.A. Cobos, P. Alou, R. Prieto, J. Uceda, S. Ollero, “A New Family of Single Stage AC/DC Power Factor Correction Converters with Fast Output Voltage Regulation”, IEEE PESC 1997.

[48] O. García, M.D. Martinez-Avila, J.A.Cobos, J. Uceda, J. Gonzalez, J.A. Navas,”Harmonic reducer converter”, IEEE PESC 2000.

[50] A.R. Prasad, P.D. Ziogas, S. Manias, “A novel passive waveshaping method for single phase diode rectifier”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.Vol.37, No. 6, Dec 1990.

[50] J.S. Lai, D. Hurst, T. Key, “Switch-mode Power Supply Power Factor Improvement Via Harmonic Elimination Methods”, IEEE APEC 1991.

[50] M.M Jovanovic, D.E. Crow, “Merits and Limitations of Full Bridge Rectifier with LC Filter in Meeting IEC1000-3-2 Harmonic Limit Specifications”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 33, nº2, march 1997.

[50] R. Redl, “An Economical Single-Phase Passive Power-Factor Corrected Rectifier: Topology, Operation, Extensions, and Design For Compliance”, IEEE APEC 1998.

[50] V. Vorperian, R. Ridley, “A Simple Scheme for Unity Power Factor Rectification for High Frequency AC Buses” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.5, nº1, January 1990.

[51] E. Rodríguez, O. García, J.A. Cobos, J. Arau y J. Uceda, ”A single stage rectifier with PFC and fast regulation of the output voltage”, IEEE PESC 1998.

[52] J. Qian, F.C.Lee, “A novel high power factor correction rectifier with a coupling inductor”, Virginia Power Electronics Center 1996.

[53] R. Redl, L. Baslogh, N.O. Sokal, "A New Family of Single-Stage Isolated power Factor Corrector with Fast Regulation of the Output Voltage", IEEE PESC 1994.

[54] M. Madigan, R. Erickson, E. Ismail, "Integrated High Quality Rectifier Regulators", IEEE PESC 1992.

[54] M.M. Jovanovic, D.M. Tsang, F.C. Lee, "Reduction of Voltage Stress in Integrated High Quality Rectifier Regulators by Variable Frequency Control”, IEEE APEC 1994.

[55] L. Huber, M.M. Jovanovic, “Single Stage Single Switch Isolated Power Supply Technique with Input Current Shaping and Fast Output Voltage Regulation for Universal Input Voltage Range Applications”, IEEE APEC 1997.

[56] M.M. Keraluwhala, R.L. Steigerwald, R. Gurumoorthy, "Fast Response High Power Factor Converter with a Single Power Stage", IEEE PESC 1991.

[56] J. Qian, F.C. Lee, “A High Efficient Single Stage Single Switch High Power Factor AC/DC Converter with Universal Input”, IEEE APEC 1997.

[57] F.S. Tsai, P. Markowski, E. Whitcomb, “Off-line Flyback Converter with Input Harmonic Current Correction”, INTELEC 1996.

[57] G. Hua, “Consolidated soft switching AC/DC converters”, U.S. Patent No. 5790389, Aug. 1998.

[57] J. Sebastián, M.M. Hernando, P. Villegas, J. Díaz, A. Fontán, “Input current Shaper based on the Series Connection of a Voltage Source and a Loss Free Resistor”, IEEE APEC 1998.

[58] J.J. Spangler, “A power factor corrected, MOSFET, multiple output, flyback switching power supply”, PCI 1985.

[59] O. Garcia, C. Fernandez, R. Prieto, J.A. Cobos, J. Uceda, “Design trade-offs of bi-flyback and bi-forward AC/DC converters to comply low frequency harmonic Regulations”, IEEE PESC 2000.