TEMA 4 METALES 1ESO 15 16 ENG trad no revisada
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(2) I. METALS: Commodities •. Metals are obtained from metallic minerals as part of the rocks. Here are the names of some metallic minerals: – Iron is obtained from mineral called hematite, siderite, limonite and magnetite – Copper is obtained from one called cuprite. – Lead is obtained from the mineral called galena. – Aluminium is in the mineral bauxite. – Tin is obtained from one called cassiterite. – Zinc is obtained from the mineral called sphalerite. PROCUREMENT PROCESS: – Extraction of minerals in mines: • Opencast mines (near the surface) • Underground mines if the reservoir is deep. – Separation of useful minerals (ore) of non-useful (bargain) • Separation techniques: Screening, filtration, flotation.. 2.
(3) II. METAL MATERIALS TYPES FERROUS METALS. Iron foundries. Steel. Tin Bronze. METALS. Copper NON- FERROUS METALS. Zinc. Brass (tin). Lead Aluminum Titanium. •. We will focus on the IRON AND STEEL.... 3.
(4) III. metallic materials: TRANSFORMATION. III.A: THE CAST IRON. •. The pure ironInterestingly it is fragile and brittle, so it can not be used as well. However, when mixed with a little carbon is hard and resistant. So it is an alloy of Fe and C.. •. The process is basically put on a high iron ore and coal furnace and burn everything, reaching temperatures that melt the iron (1500orC). – Coal serves as fuel to burn and raise the temperature – Coal also gives the iron a little carbon.. • •. The result: The cast iron. Cast iron has a carbon content of between 1.7% and 6.7%.. 4.
(5) Manufacture of cast iron. Iron ore (Fe). The goal is to mix the iron (Fe), carbon (C2) To make it hard.. Fe + C3 + 02 FeC2 + CO2 Coal (C3). limestone Smoke (C02). Air (With oxygen O2). BLAST FURNA CE. Iron foundry nozzles. COLD slag (Captured with waste limestone). CAST IRON FEC2. ACTIVITY 7: Describe in words the process of obtaining Fe foundries.. 5.
(6) Manufacture of cast iron.. Image: Blast furnace Scheme. Font: Kalipedia. Creative Commons More information: http://todotecnologia-eso.blogspot.com.es/2015/03/el-alto-horno.html © todotecnologia-eso.blogspot.com.es - Prof. José Manuel NM.
(7) III.B STEEL •. Cast iron has a carbon content of between 1.7% and 6.7%. It is a hard metal but it can only be done very rough parts, because it has poor machining properties (thin pieces bent or broken soon).. •. If you take away a bit of carbon (putting it at 0.1-2.1% carbon) these properties are improved and can be made sheets and pieces of all kinds. – That amount of carbon is removed with oxygen (C + O2= CO2) At high temperatures in a converter furnace.. • • • •. The The The The. process is called: REFINEMENT oven is called CONVERTER resulting product is steel. starting material is melting scrap steel +. 7.
(8) Steelmaking (REFINEMENT) Cast•iron ' (FEC2). Pure oxygen (O2). The aim is to remove carbon into the foundry to make it more flexible. FeC2 + 02 FeC + CO2. Scrap of steel (To recycle). limestone. STEEL COLD. slag (Captured with waste limestone). CAST STEEL (FEC). CONVERTER. ACTIVITY 8: Describe in words the process of obtaining steel.. 8.
(9) Steelmaking (REFINEMENT). Picture: http://images.slideplayer.es/1/23230/slides/slide_7.jpg. ACTIVITY 8: Describe in words the process of obtaining steel.. 9.
(10) ALLOY STEEL • •. We've all heard of stainless steel. It is a non-corroding steel moisture. To do this we must alloyed (mixed) with chrome steel. In this alloy, in contact with air, a surface layer which protects the steel from moisture is formed.. Picture: http://www.cougartron.com/es/blog/el-mejor-m%C3%A9todo-de-pasivaci%C3%B3n-para-el-aceroinoxidable. •Alloy definition: An alloy is a combination of a metal with another metal or with other elementos.' •The steel may be alloyed with other elements in addition to chromium, as the element improving properties of steel. •The. Alloy steel with silicon, manganese, nickel, tungsten, etc. 10.
(11) III. Metallic Materials: FORMATION •. The shaping processes are techniques that try to give the basic form what do we need.. For molding. Metal forming processes: Strain. Pouring the molten liquid into molds. Parts with the shape of the mold. Forging, shock. Various pieces. Extrusion. Bars, perfieles, pipes. Rolling. Sheets or plates. Stamping with 2 pictures. Plates with reliefs. Drawing, stretching. Almambres, cables, wires .... 11.
(12) Compression molding The heated preform is placed on a female mold. A low male mold and press. The preform takes the shape of the mold.. Getting parts for pressing.. http://muyingenieros.blogspot.com.es/2015/03/el-moldeo-de-plastico.html. 40.
(13) Injection Molding. Pictures: http://losplasticoseneso.blogspot.com.es/2012/03/metodos-de-fabricacion-de-objetos-de.html. Extrusion molding. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/resistantmaterials/processtechniquesrev8.shtml. 13.
(14) Molding extrusion + blown. Molding Thermoforming or hot deformation. Pictures: http://losplasticoseneso.blogspot.com.es/2012/03/metodos-de-fabricacion-de-objetos-de.html. 14.
(15) Molding laminate. Molding calendering. 15.
(16) metals HANDLING Once we have the basic part, you might want to drill holes, recesses, threads, shaping, joining .... For this there handling techniques. Cut Make holes. Manipulation techniques. Make carved and recesses. Roughing. Unions. Hacksaw (metal). Drill bits +. The drill holes. Lathe. Machine in which the piece moves. Milling machine. Machine on which the cutter moves. Sander. For fine grinding. Grinder. Remove entire layers with the wheel. With pieces. Screw- nut, pin- tongue, rivet. Welding. Union heat and melt. 16.
(17) •. 'ACTIVITY 9: What process / s shaping and manipulation have made these objects?. https://www.easy.cl. http://spanish.alibaba.com/ https://tecnoatocha.wordpress.com/metales-no-ferrosos-ligeros/. http://semyx.com/es/. 17.
(18) V. metals USES •. Machine parts, engines ..... •. Car parts.. •. Building structures.. •. Tools. •. Various objects: – cutlery, pots ... – taps – Weapons – manhole covers, – streetlights – street bins .... 18.
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