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يسارد ررقمل ةيثحبلا لئاسرلا مييقت ةرامتسا
: ًلاوا بلاطلا ةفرعمب لأمت تانايب
: بلاطلا مسا رداقلا دبع ةيطع دلاخ دمحم
: ةيلك بادلآا
ةقرفلا
\ : يوتسملا ةيناثلا
: ةبعشلا ةماع
: ررقملا مسا ةمجرت
ةيملاعإ
- : ررقملا دوك . ع 223
م
: ررقملا ذاتسا يزوف دمحم ءاعد / د
: بلاطلل ينورتكللاا ديربلا
: ةيثحبلا ةلاسرلا ناونع Coronavirus
: بلاطلا ةلاح يقاب
نينحتمملا ةفرعمب لأمت تانايب: ًايناث ةمدقملا ةيثحبلا ةلاسرلا له ايلك وا ًايئزج ةهباشتم
معن
لا
ربتعي و يثحبلا عورشملا مييقت متي لا معنب ةباجلاا ةلاح يف زاجم ريغ
يثحبلا عورشملا مييقت
م مييقتلا رصانع يبسنلا نزولا
مييقتلا
1 ةيثحبلا ةلاسرلل ماعلا لكشلا
2 ةبولطملا ةيملعلا تابلطتملا ققحت
3 ةيملعلا عجارملا و رداصملا ركذي
4 ديجلا ةباتكلا بولسا و ةيوغللا ةغايصلا
يئاهنلا مييقتلا ةجيتن /
111 حجان
بسار
مييقتلا ةنجل عيقوت
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Introduction
What is COVID-19?
COVID-19 is a new form of Coronavirus disease due to the novel virus SARS- CoV-2 that causes acute infection with respiratory symptoms. This new virus is different than the ones that cause SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) or MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome).
It is also different from the Coronavirus that causes seasonal infection in the U.S. As of April 2020, there are over 2 million confirmed cases worldwide, and is a pandemic.
The number of cases has been increasing quickly and is considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This means that the virus is being spread simultaneously in more than three different geographical regions in the world.
Search items 1. Symptoms of COVID-19 .
2. What you can do .
3. Rapid advances in vaccines for virus resistance and treatment of infection.
4. What you need to know about coronavirus (COVID-19).
5. How it spreads . 6. Who is most at risk .
7. How to seek medical attention . 8. How to get tested .
9. After testing .
10. Limits on medications .
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Temperature checks Symptoms of COVID-19 include:-
■ Fever
■ Cough
■ Shortness of breath
■ Some people will have additional symptoms such as fatigue, diarrhea, nasal „cold‟ symptoms or even loss of smell or taste.
Prevention and control of COVID-19 infection:
General principles :-
■ Illness can range from mild to severe.
■ Elderly people and others with pre-existing medical illnesses like diabetes, heart or lung disease are at the highest risk of dying from infection.
However, anyone can get the virus and become ill from it.
■ Right now, the best way to lessen the virus‟ impact is to slow its spread.
This will ensure that our healthcare systems aren‟t overwhelmed and buy time for researchers who are working hard to develop vaccines and treatments for the infection.
■ Everyone needs to do their best to avoid getting sick as well as spread the virus to other people.
■ You do not have to be sick or have symptoms to transmit the virus.
What you can do :-
As noted, it is very important for people to follow basic infection control measures to help prevent COVID-19 and/ or other viruses, like influenza.
This includes the following actions:
■ Avoid close contact with people who are sick unless you are a healthcare provider.
■ Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
■ Stay home when you are sick.
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If you are sick with COVID-19, you will need to stay home until:
you have no fever for 72 hours (without using fever reducing medicine) at least 7 days have passed since symptoms first appeared
your other symptoms have improved. For additional information,
■ Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze or use the inside of your elbow. Throw used tissues in the trash.
■ Avoid being in large gatherings. Until the pandemic is over, maintain social distancing. Stay at least 6 feet away „like a regular bicycle‟ from people.
Gatherings are strongly discouraged. Most states in the US are encouraging individuals to stay at home except for essential, infrequent trips to purchase food or medicines. However, you can exercise outdoors with social distancing.
■ Wash your hands often and for at least 20 seconds with soap and water.
(Sing “Happy Birthday” twice). If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol- based sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.
■ Clean and disinfect frequently touched items and surfaces with a regular household cleaning spray followed by an
EPA-approved disinfectant such as diluted bleach (0.1%) or alcohol solution (62- 71%) or hydrogen peroxide (0.5%). COVID-19 can survive on surfaces for as long
as 5 days. For full list of disinfectants,
■ Wear a facemask if you are sick. If you are not sick, it is also
recommended that you wear a simple cloth (non- medical) mask when you leave your home, especially if you will be in contact with others. For more information about how and when to use masks,
■ No one should be traveling at this time unless it is for essential business.
This is especially important for older persons and others at risk for severe illness.
The CDC maintains a regularly updated travel advisory site.
■ It may take up to 14 days to develop symptoms once exposed to this virus. If you have traveled to an area affected by this virus, or have been exposed to someone with COVID-19, you should stay home for at least 14 days.
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Stay informed and do not panic. There is hope.
■ Most cases are mild.
■ Most people get better
- Rapid progress is being made on vaccines to prevent infection and treatments for infection
■ Rely on evidence- based sources such as the CDC, WHO, or local public health departments.
Treatment :-
■ There is no specific treatment for COVID-19. However, there are
experimental drugs and treatments being used in hospitalized patients with severe illness. You may be asked to take part in a research study of the medicines to help understand whether they sho
Etymology:-
The name "coronavirus" is derived from Latin corona, meaning "crown" or
"wreath", itself a borrowing from Greek κορώνη korṓnē, "garland,
wreath".[10][11] The name was coined by June Almeida and David Tyrrell who first observed and studied human coronaviruses.[12] The word was first used in print in 1968 by an informal group of virologists in the journal Nature to designate the new family of viruses.[9] The name refers to the characteristic appearance of virions (the infective form of the virus) by electron microscopy, which have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections creating an image reminiscent of the solar corona or halo.[9][12] This morphology is created by the viral spike peplomers, which are proteins on the surface of the virus.[13]
What you need to know about coronavirus (COVID-19)
COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by a new virus. Symptoms include fever, coughing, a sore throat and shortness of breath. The virus can spread from person to person. Currently there is no treatment for COVID-19. Find out who is at risk and what you should do if you think you have COVID-19.
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How it spreads
The virus can spread from person to person through:
close contact with an infectious person (including in the 48 hours before they had symptoms)
contact with droplets from an infected person‟s cough or sneeze
touching objects or surfaces (like doorknobs or tables) that have droplets from an infected person, and then touching your mouth or face
COVID-19 is a new disease, so there is no existing immunity in our community.
This means that COVID-19 could spread widely and quickly.
Who is most at risk
In Australia, the people most at risk of getting the virus are:
travellers who have recently been overseas
those who have been in close contact with someone who has been diagnosed with COVID-19
people in correctional and detention facilities
people in group residential settings
People who are, or are more likely to be, at higher risk of serious illness if they get the virus are:
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people 50 years and older with one or more chronic medical conditions
people 65 years and older with chronic medical conditions
people 70 years and older
people with chronic conditions or compromised immune systems
people in aged care facilities
people with a disability
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At this stage the risk to children and babies, and the role children play in the transmission of COVID-19, is not clear. However, there has so far been a low rate of confirmed COVID-19 cases among children, relative to the broader population.
How to seek medical attention
If you are sick and think you have symptoms of COVID-19, seek medical advice and get tested. If you want to talk to someone about your symptoms, call the National Coronavirus Helpline for advice.
To seek medical help from a doctor or hospital, call ahead of time to book an appointment.
You will be asked to take precautions when you attend for treatment. Follow the instructions you are given.
If you have a mask, wear it to protect others. Stay at least 1.5 metres away from other people. Cover your coughs or sneezes with your elbow.
Tell the doctor about:
your symptoms
any travel history
any recent contact you have had with someone who has COVID-19
How to get tested
If you have cold or flu like symptoms, such as a cough, fever, sore throat, shortness of breath or runny nose, even if these are mild, you should get tested for COVID-19 as soon as possible. People with mild symptoms can still spread the virus. To help stop the resurgence and spread of COVID-19, anyone with symptoms of a respiratory infection should get tested.
You can:
attend a free COVID-19 respiratory clinic
contact your doctor and they will arrange the test, this may attract a fee
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Testing diagnoses patients with COVID-19 and helps health authorities monitor and track the spread of COVID-19. As the situation changes, states and
territories may adjust their testing criteria based on local needs. For latest information check your state or territory health website.
Testing is important for anyone with symptoms and particularly if any of the following apply to you:
you have returned from overseas in the past 14 days
you travelled on a cruise ship (either passenger or crew) in the 14 days before developing symptoms
you have been in close contact with someone diagnosed with COVID-19 in the past 14 days
you are a health care, aged care or residential care worker or staff member with direct patient contact
you have lived in or travelled through an area where there is a higher risk of community transmission, as defined by the local public health unit
People in high-risk settings will be regularly monitored to ensure symptoms are identified early. Rapid response plans will be activated if someone in those settings develops a fever or respiratory symptoms. People who have recovered from COVID-19 need to be tested before they can go into high risk settings.
High-risk settings include:
aged and residential care facilities
detention centres or correctional facilities
boarding schools
military group residences and other closed settings, such as Navy ships or live-in accommodation
rural and remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
After testing
It may take a day or two for your test results to come back.
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If you have serious symptoms you will be kept in hospital and isolated from other patients to prevent the virus spreading.
If your doctor says you are well enough to go home while you wait for your test results, you should:
isolate at home
protect yourself and others Treatment
There is no treatment for COVID-19. Medical care can treat most of the symptoms.
COVID-19 is caused by a virus. Antibiotics do not work on viruses.
Some reports suggest certain drugs, including hydroxychloroquine, can be used to treat COVID-19. The Therapeutic Goods Administration has not approved hydroxychloroquine, or any other drug, for treating
COVID-19, in Australia
We are supporting research to find effective treatments for the
virus. There is no approved vaccine for COVID-19, but global efforts to develop a vaccine continue.
Limits on medications
Many Australians need medication to manage a health condition.
Medication shortages can threaten lives.
To make sure everyone has access to the medications they need, pharmacies must limit sales of some prescription and over the counter medications.
Temperature checks
A temperature check is when a monitoring device, such as a contactless thermometer or thermal imaging, checks whether someone has a fever. In places like hospitals and aged care facilities, temperature checks may be useful as an extra precaution to protect vulnerable people. Some places might test visitors as well as workers.
Temperature checks are not as useful in other settings. People with COVID-19 don‟t always develop fever, or they might have a fever from another illness. Some medications reduce fever.
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Conclusion
COVID-19 is a new form of Coronavirus disease due to the novel virus SARS- CoV-2 that causes acute infection with respiratory symptoms. This new virus is different than the ones that cause SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) or MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome).
The number of cases has been increasing quickly and is considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This means that the virus is being spread simultaneously in more than three different geographical regions in the world.
If you are sick with COVID-19, you will need to stay home until:
you have no fever for 72 hours (without using fever reducing medicine) at least 7 days have passed since symptoms first appeared
your other symptoms have improved. For additional information, As noted, it is very important for people to follow basic infection control measures to help prevent COVID-19 and/ or other viruses, like influenza.
This includes the following actions:
■ Avoid close contact with people who are sick unless you are a healthcare provider.
■ Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
■ Stay home when you are sick.
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References
1- Knowledge Bank.
2- the digital library . 3- WHO website.
4- Encyclopedia of the House of the system.
5- Wikipedia encyclopedia.
