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Cap Ramírez Chombo.pdf - Repositorio CIATEJ

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Primera Edición 2017

D.R. Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C.

(CIATEJ).

Avenida Normalistas 800, Colonia, Colinas de la Normal 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco México

ISBN 978-607-97548-0-8

Editores: Ofelia Yadira Lugo Melchor, Claudia Alvarado Osuna, Elsa Leticia Ramírez Cerda Diseño de portada: Jorge Valente García Hernández

Se prohíbe la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra – incluido el diseño tipográfico o de portada – sea cual fuere el medio electrónico o mecánico, sin el consentimiento por escrito de los editores.

Los recursos gráficos con que se ilustra la portada y contraportada son por cortesía de www.pixabay.com y www.freepik.com.

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Productos descritos en el Reglamento de Control Sanitario de Productos y

Servicios

Normas Oficiales Mexicanas Normas Mexicanas

Crema NOM-243-SSA1-2010

NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NOM-193-SCFI-2014

NMX-F-731-COFOCALEC-2009

Dulces de leche NOM-243-SSA1-2010 NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NMX-F-709-COFOCALEC-2011 NMX-F-743-COFOCALEC-2011

Grasa butírica NOM-243-SSA1-2010

NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NMX-F-727-COFOCALEC-2013

Helados y bases para helados NOM-243-SSA1-2010 NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NMX-F-714-COFOCALEC-2012

Jocoque NOM-243-SSA1-2010

NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NMX-F-703-COFOCALEC-2012

Leche acidificada

Leche condensada azucarada Leche cultivada o fermentada Leche deshidratada,

Leche evaporada Leche pasteurizada y ultrapasteurizada Leche combinada Leche recombinada Leche reconstituida Leche rehidratada

NOM-243-SSA1-2010 NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NOM-155-SCFI-2012 NOM-181-SCFI-2010

NMX-F-703-COFOCALEC-2012

Mantequilla NOM-243-SSA1-2010

NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NMX-F-729-COFOCALEC-2013

Queso NOM-243-SSA1-2010

NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NMX-F-713-COFOCALEC-2014 NMX-F-733-COFOCALEC-2010 NMX-F-735-COFOCALEC-2011 NMX-F-738-COFOCALEC-2011 NMX-F-742-COFOCALEC-2012 NMX-F-745-COFOCALEC-2011 NMX-F-746-COFOCALEC-2013 NMX-F-749-COFOCALEC-2014 Producto lácteo y producto lácteo

combinado

NOM-243-SSA1-2010 NOM-251-SSA1-2009

NMX-F-703-COFOCALEC-2012

(16)

NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010 NOM-183-SCFI-2012 Caseína de grado alimentario o

caseinatos de grado alimentario NOM-243-SSA1-2010

NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NMX-F-723-COFOCALEC-2013 Yogur, Yogurt o Yoghurt NOM-243-SSA1-2010

NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NOM-181-SCFI-2010

NMX-F-703-COFOCALEC-2012

Suero NOM-243-SSA1-2010

NOM-251-SSA1-2009

NMX-F-721-COFOCALEC-2012

Producto lácteo y producto lácteo

combinado NOM-243-SSA1-2010

NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NOM-183-SCFI-2012 Mezcla de leche con grasa vegetal NOM-243-SSA1-2010 NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NOM-190-SCFI-2012

Leche cruda o bronca NOM-243-SSA1-2010 NMX-F-730-COFOCALEC-2008 NMX-F-700-COFOCALEC-2012 NMX-F-728-COFOCALEC-2007

Requesón NOM-243-SSA1-2010

NOM-251-SSA1-2009 NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010

NMX-F-713-COFOCALEC-2005

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