ISSF Stainless Steel in Figures 2016 - PLATEA

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Stainless Steel in Figures 2016

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ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2016- 2

Cover image courtesy of Karol Kozlowski / Shutterstock.com

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History and Competition

Compound annual growth rate of world stainless melt shop production

Regional share of stainless steel production Stainless steel production versus plastics

production

Compound annual growth rate of major metals (%/year): 1980 - 2015

Actual Performance

Stainless melt shop production

Stainless melt shop production by quarter Stainless steel foreign trade

Apparent stainless steel use by region Stainless melt shop production by region Stainless meltshop production by grade Stainless meltshop production by quarter

Potential

Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel consumption

Per capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel for selected countries.

GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use per capita

Comparison of direct stainless steel use versus total stainless steel use Stainless steel use per sector

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Secretary-General’s Message

Dear Members

This is the fifth in what has become a regular series of annual statistical publications, known as “Stainless Steel in Figures”. It is commonly and openly acknowledged that we have the most accurate and reliable data in the world about the stainless steel industry – and it is logical that this should be so. No-one knows our industry as well as our members and we are the focal point for the collection and analysis of the statistical data which forms the substance of this book. But this information only acquires a value if it is used. There is a wealth of data on our Extranet and Website, with appropriate historical information and our Short Range Forecasts. This book summarises what is available, but you are encouraged to make regular use of our database.

If you have any difficulty in gaining access, please contact Jo ([email protected]) and she will send you fresh access details.

Following the successful introduction of useful statistical data from the raw material associations last year, we have repeated that information in this year’s edition and we hope that this will also become a regular feature for future editions. It has the advantage of providing readers with a ready reference source in one book.

Once again, we recognise and appreciate the efforts of our raw materials partners in the Team Stainless network for their assistance in providing us with their up-dated data. We are grateful to the International Chrome Development Association (ICDA), the International Nickel Study Group (INSG) and the International Molybdenum Association (IMOA) all of whom have openly shared their information with us.

As was the case last year, may we kindly remind you that the raw materials data is confidential and is for the use of ISSF members and the members of the contributing associations only. That information should please not be re- published without the express permission of the associations and any re-publication must include the applicable source – ISSF, ICDA, INSG or IMOA.

Of course, the stainless steel data belongs you as

members of the ISSF and you are welcome to use it as you wish.

If any of you have any comments or suggestions on how this book may be improved for future editions, or perhaps on other information which you would like us to include, please let me know.

John Rowe

Secretary-General,

International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) Brussels, May 2016

JOHN ROWE Secretary-General

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ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2016- 5 HISTORY AND COMPETITION

Figure 1 Compound annual growth rate of world stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent)

Compound annual growth: 5.80%

Million metric tonnes (Mt)

1 Mt

41.5Mt (2015)

1950 2015

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Figure 2 Regional share of stainless steel production

2005 2015

Americas 7%

Other Asia (excluding China)

23%

China 52%

Rest of World 1%

EU-27 17%

Americas 11%

Other Asia (excluding China)

39%

China 13%

Rest of World 3%

EU-27 34%

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Figure 3 Stainless steel production versus plastics production.

Index: 1990 = 100

Stainless Steel

Plastics 6.9 Mt

41.7 Mt (2014)

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

1980 2014

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Lead: 1.78%

Copper: 2.74%

Zinc: 2.38%

Aluminium: 3.86%

Carbon Steel: 2.24%

Stainless Steel: 5.27%

Average: 2.34%

Figure 4 Compound annual growth rate of major metals (%/year): 1980 - 2015

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ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2016- 9 ACTUAL PERFORMANCE

Country/region 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Belgium 1,045 1,306 1,241 1,241 1,298 1,388

Belgium/Austria 1,607

Finland 726 998 1,003 1,078 1,080 1,216

Finland/Sweden/UK 2,215

France 202 276 300 285 300 323 291

Germany 1,320 1,509 1,502 1,313 1,091 864 459

Italy 1,216 1,583 1,602 1,696 1,556 1,457 1,452

Spain 693 844 807 844 855 945 979

Sweden 445 546 586 510 501 541

United Kingdom 224 279 330 294 257 295

Other EU 114 152 188 195 211 223 165

European Union 5,986 7,494 7,559 7,455 7,147 7,252 7,169

USA 1,617 2,201 2,074 1,977 2,030 2,389 2,346

Brazil 324 409 413 391 425 424 401

Americas 1,942 2,609 2,486 2,368 2,454 2,813 2,747

Japan 2,607 3,427 3,247 3,166 3,175 3,328 3,061

South Korea 1,677 2,048 2,157 2,167 2,143 2,038 2,231

Taiwan, China 1,468 1,514 1,203 1,107 1,067 1,108 1,109

China 8,805 11,256 14,091 16,087 18,984 21,692 21,562

India 1,721 2,022 2,163 2,834 2,891 2,858 3,060

Asia 16,277 20,267 22,861 25,361 28,260 31,025 31,024

South Africa 546 480 443 503 492 472 514

Russia 86 122 125 112 152 123 95

Ukraine 67 118 147 118 n/a n/a n/a

World 24,904 31,090 33,621 35,917 38,506 41,686 41,548

Table 1 Stainless melt shop production (ingot/slab equivalent) in 1,000 metric tonnes.

Note: A major correction of Chinese data in 2011 means data from 2011 onwards is not comparable with earlier years.

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Western Europe/

Africa Central & Eastern

Europe The Americas Asia

(excluding China) China World

Quarter 1

2014 2,164 71 670 2,371 5,084 10,359

2015 2,007 64 768 2,366 5,015 10,220

% change -7.3 -9.6 14.7 -0.2 -1.4 -1.3

Quarter 2

2014 2,116 72 717 2,387 5,603 10,894

2015 2,058 69 685 2,318 5,852 10,982

% change -2.7 -4.3 -4.4 -2.9 4.4 0.8

First half

2014 4,280 143 1,386 4,757 10,687 21,253

2015 4,065 133 1,453 4,684 10,867 21,202

% change -5.0 -7.0 4.8 -1.5 1.7 -0.2

Quarter 3

2014 1,682 70 711 2,374 5,336 10,173

2015 1,673 65 693 2,392 5,371 10,195

% change -0.6 -7.3 -2.5 0.8 0.7 0.2

Quarter 4

2014 1,608 64 716 2,202 5,670 10,259

2015 1,780 61 601 2,385 5,324 10,152

% change 10.7 -3.8 -16.1 8.3 -6.1 -1.0

Second half

2014 3,290 134 1,427 4,576 11,005 20,432

2015 3,453 126 1,294 4,777 10,696 20,346

% change 4.9 -5.6 -9.3 4.4 -2.8 -0.4

Full year

2014 7,570 277 2,813 9,333 21,692 41,686

2015 7,518 259 2,747 9,461 21,562 41,548

% change -0.7 -6.3 -2.3 1.4 -0.6 -0.3

Table 2 Stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by quarter in 1,000 metric tonnes: 2014 compared to 2015

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Hot bars/wire rod 7.6%

Semis long 1.8%

Hot plate and sheet 6.8%

Hot coils 27.5%

Semis flat 1.0%

Cold bars/wire 7.2%

Cold rolled flat 48.1%

Hot bars/wire rod 8.2%

Semis long 2.1%

Hot plate and sheet 6.7%

Hot coils 27.0%

Semis flat 1.1%

Cold bars/wire 7.2%

Cold rolled flat 47.7%

Figure 5 Stainless steel foreign trade

2014 2015

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2014 Destination

Africa Asia Eastern

Europe Latin

America Middle East NAFTA Australia/

Oceania Western

Europe Total

Africa 14.0 94.8 16.6 48.6 11.9 35.9 1.6 90.1 313.4

Asia 93.3 5,356.7 147.4 176.6 199.4 495.7 75.7 1,637.3 8,182.0

Eastern Europe 0.0 4.7 28.6 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 14.0 51.6

Latin America 2.6 11.8 0.3 34.9 3.0 13.7 0.1 6.5 72.8

Middle East* 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 n/a 3.6 0.4 1.4 10.1

NAFTA 0.5 59.2 0.1 48.1 1.9 663.5 0.8 147.9 922.2

Australia/Oceania 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.2 3.1

Western Europe 65.7 505.6 97.6 59.1 70.2 487.9 19.7 6,680.0 7,985.9

Total 176.3 6,038.7 290.6 367.3 286.4 1,705.2 99.3 8,577.3 17,541.1

Origin

Africa 11.0 107.2 13.1 29.5 9.8 23.8 1.7 138.7 334.7

Asia 103.2 4,951.6 137.5 139.8 215.5 484.3 72.7 1,386.2 7,490.9

Eastern Europe 0.0 3.8 22.5 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 12.3 40.9

Latin America 2.8 25.7 2.6 41.2 4.3 15.7 0.4 36.6 129.3

Middle East* 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 n/a 4.1 0.6 1.1 9.0

NAFTA 0.7 81.6 0.2 32.9 2.6 659.0 0.8 133.5 911.3

Western Europe 76.8 435.9 95.6 48.9 60.8 376.4 19.8 7,269.6 8,383.9

Total 194.6 5,611.4 271.4 292.4 293.0 1,566.2 96.3 8,978.3 17,303.6

Origin

Table 3 Foreign trade exports of stainless steel in 1,000 metric tonnes. Includes feedstock material for further processing.

Note: *Indicated imports from that region

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Africa 0.0 29.6 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.2 2.8 33.4

Asia 0.0 561.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.9 0.0 21.6 585.0

Eastern Europe 0.0 4.8 3.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 109.2 119.6

Latin America 0.0 18.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.8 0.0 33.3 66.6

Middle East* 0.0 96.3 0.0 0.0 n/a 0.5 0.0 16.5 113.3

NAFTA 0.1 573.9 0.0 1.4 1.1 278.7 0.0 24.1 879.3

Western Europe 0.1 382.4 2.9 0.0 1.3 32.4 0.1 3,080.1 3,499.4

Total 0.3 1,717.6 6.2 3.8 3.8 328.5 0.8 3,288.6 5,349.7

Origin

Africa 0.0 14.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 1.5 16.5

Asia 1.2 647.5 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 21.1 670.5

Eastern Europe 0.0 3.5 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.3 89.3

Latin America 0.0 30.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.6 0.0 35.5 68.9

Middle East* 0.0 80.4 0.0 0.0 n/a 0.0 0.0 11.4 91.8

NAFTA 0.0 524.6 0.0 1.9 1.1 209.2 0.1 64.8 801.7

Western Europe 0.6 365.8 1.5 0.1 1.2 0.9 0.0 3,172.5 3,542.5

Total 1.8 1,716.0 1.8 3.7 3.3 213.0 0.5 3,392.8 5,332.9

Origin

Table 4 Foreign trade exports of stainless steel scrap in 1,000 metric tonnes. Includes feedstock material for further processing.

Note: *Indicated imports from that region

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Figure 6 Apparent stainless steel use by region.

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2015 2014

2013 2012

2011 2010

2009 2008

2007 2006

2005 2004

2003

Western Europe Central/Eastern Europe Americas Asia excluding China China Others

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Figure 7 Stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by region in 1,000 metric tonnes

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

2015 2014

2013 2012

2011 2010

2009 2008

2007 2006

2005 2004

Major correction of Chinese data for 2011, not comparable with previous years

Western Europe Central/Eastern Europe Americas Asia excluding China China

24.570 24.546

28.706 28.146

26.218

24.904

31.094

33.621

35.917

38.506 41.686 41.548

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

2015 Q4

Q3 Q2

Q1 2014

2013 2012

2011 2010

2009 2008

2007 2006

2005 2004

CrNi grades (300-series) CrMn grades (200 series) Cr grades (400 series) Other/not known

Figure 8 Stainless meltshop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by grade.

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1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000

2015 2014

2013 2012

2011 2010

2009 2008

2007 2006

2005 2004

Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4

Figure 9 Stainless meltshop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by quarter in 1,000 metric tonnes

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ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2016- 18 POTENTIAL

Figure 10 Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel consumption

Stainless steel consumption (000t) Stainless steel demand index (2010=100)

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

40 60 80 100 120

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

70 110 150 190 230

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Europe/Africa Americas

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Stainless steel consumption (000t) Stainless steel demand index (2010=100)

Asia China

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

50 100 150 200 250

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

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Stainless steel consumption (000t) Stainless steel demand index (2010=100)

World

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

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Figure 13 Per capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel (kg/capita) for selected countries. Source: IMF, Yale

2005 2010

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Indonesia India

Brazil Mexico

Rus sia Turk

China ey

South Afric a Thailand

France UK Australia

Spain USA Germany

Sweden Italy

Japan Korea

Taiwan, China

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Figure 14 GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use per capita. Source: IMF, ISSF, Yale.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

US$5000 US$10000 US$15000 US$20000 US$25000 US$30000 US$35000 US$40000 US$45000 US$50000 US$55000 US$60000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

US$5000 US$10000 US$15000 US$20000 US$25000 US$30000 US$35000 US$40000 US$45000 US$50000 US$55000 US$60000

USA

Australia

Germany

Taiwan, China

Korea Japan

France

Spain

Russia

Mexico Turkey

Brazil Thailand South AfricaChina Indonesia

India

Italy UK

USA

Australia

Germany Taiwan, China

Korea Japan

France

Spain

Russia Mexico Turkey Brazil

ThailandSouth Africa China Indonesia India

Italy UK

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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Brazil China France Germany India Italy Japan Korea Mexico Russia South Afric

a Spain Taiwan, China USA UK

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Brazil China France Germany India Italy Japan Korea Mexico Russia South Afric

a Spain Taiwan, China USA UK

Total use Total use

Direct use Direct use

2005 2010

Figure 15 Comparison of direct stainless steel use (mill products) versus total stainless steel use (plus trade balance of stainless containing goods).

Source: IMF, Yale, Vale Inco

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Figure 16 Stainless steel use per sector - 2013

Construction 12.8%

Metal products 39.1%

Motor vehicles in developing countries

4.3%

Motor vehicles in developed countries

19.2%

Electrical machinery

7.9%

Motor vehicles and parts

10.3%

Mechanical engineering

24.8%

Other transport 5.1%

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Data sources

Unless otherwise indicated, all data in this booklet has been provided by the International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF).

Data has also been provided by:

1. International Monetary Fund (IMF) 2. Vale Inco

3. Yale University: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies (Reck et al.)

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About ISSF

The International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) is a non-profit research and development organisation which was founded in 1996 and which serves as the focal point for the international stainless steel industry.

Who are the members?

ISSF has two categories of membership:

company members and affiliated members.

Company members are producers of stainless steel (integrated mills and rerollers). Affiliated members are national or regional stainless steel industry associations. ISSF now has 65 members in 25 countries. Collectively they produce 80% of all stainless steel.

Vision

Stainless steel provides sustainable solutions for everyday life.

More information

For more information about ISSF, please consult our website worldstainless.org.

For more information about stainless steel and sustainability, please consult the sustainablestainless.org website.

Contact us

[email protected] +32 2 702 89 00

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Disclaimer

The International Stainless Steel Forum believes that the information presented is technically correct. However, ISSF, its members, staff and consultants specifically disclaim any and all liability or responsi- bility of any kind for loss, damage, or injury resulting from the use of the information contained in this brochure.