Chapter 09 Privacy, Security, and Ethics
Multiple Choice Questions
1. People that collect and sell personal data are called _______.
A. direct marketers B. fund-raisers
C. information resellers D. government agencies
2. These programs record virtually everything you do on your computer and are used by employers to search employee e-mail and computer files.
A. Spyware
B. Freeware
C. Employee-monitoring software D. Cookies
3. Small data files that are deposited on a user's hard disk when they visit a website are called _______.
A. cookies
B. codes
C. cache
D. proxies
4. These are used by advertisers to keep track of your web activity as you move from one site to the next.
A. Web bugs B. History files C. First-party cookies D. Third-party cookies Allan Sengo Chichongue Student Number; CHIASC1901
Deakin College Email; [email protected] Course; Information Technology 2019
5. Programs used to secretly record an individual's activities on the Internet are called _______.
A. spyware
B. cookies
C. sniffer programs D. keystroke loggers
6. Which type of program would likely be used by investigators to record a potential suspects' Internet activities?
A. Cookie
B. Global positioning system C. Keystroke logger
D. Web bug
7. This type of computer criminal creates and distributes malicious programs.
A. Employee B. Hacker C. Cracker
D. Keystroke logger
9. Which of the following is not malware?
A. Trojan horses B. Viruses
C. Worms
D. Ad-Aware
10. A program that replicates itself and clogs computers and networks.
A. Virus
B. Worm
C. Denial-of-service attack D. Trojan horse
11. Free computer games and free screen saver programs are typical carriers of _______.
A. DoS
B. worms
C. viruses D. Trojan horses
12. Which among the following is a way to shut down an ISP or website?
A. Denial of service attack B. Viruses
C. Trojan horses
D. Worms
14. The use of the Internet, smartphones, or other devices to send or post content intended to hurt or embarrass another person.
A. Identity theft B. Auction fraud C. Cyberbullying D. Snoopware
15. The most significant concerns for implementation of computer technology involve _______, security, and ethics.
A. accuracy B. property C. privacy D. access
16. According to which law is it illegal for an owner of a commercial program to make backup copies for their personal use and resell or give them away?
A. Digital Millennium Copyright Act B. Computer Abuse Amendments Act C. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act D. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
17. Corporations often use this to prevent copyright violations.
A. Digital Millennium Copyright Act B. Website encryption
C. Digital rights management (DRM) D. Keystroke loggers
18. This uses software to try thousands of common words sequentially in an attempt to gain unauthorized access to a user's account.
A. Encryption B. Firewall C. Password D. Dictionary attack
19. This type of Wi-Fi hotspot operates close to a legitimate Wi-Fi hotspot and steals information such as usernames and passwords.
A. Worm
B. Fake
C. Virus
D. Rogue
20. The process of coding information to make it unreadable except to those who have a special piece of information known as a key.
A. Restriction B. Security C. Protection D. Encryption
AACSB: Technology
21. A _______ acts as a security buffer between a corporation's private network and all external networks.
A. firewall B. password
C. disaster recovery plan D. virus checker
22. Which of the following is the most widely used wireless network encryption for home wireless networks?
A. WEP
B. WPE
C. WPA
D. WPA2
23. Which of the following is not a measure to protect computer security?
A. Restricting access B. Encrypting data
C. Copying data and storing it at a remote location D. Keeping the same password on all systems consistently
24. _______ is concerned with protecting software and data from unauthorized tampering or damage.
A. Data backup B. Physical security C. Disaster recovery plan D. Data security
25. This is a legal concept that gives content creators the right to control use and distribution of their work.
A. Piracy B. Ethics C. Copyright D. Privacy
26. This law gives you the right to look at your personal records held by government agencies.
A. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act B. Freedom of Information Act
C. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act D. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
27. Computer criminals that create and spread viruses are punished under this law.
A. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act B. Freedom of Information Act
C. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act D. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
True / False Questions
28. The essential element that controls how computers are used is a law.
FALSE
29. Information systems consist of people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet.
TRUE
31. Identity theft and mistaken identity are the same.
FALSE
32. Most browsers offer a privacy mode that ensures that your browsing activity is not recorded on your hard disk.
TRUE
33. A tracking cookie is generally used by an advertising company affiliated with a website you have visited to keep track of your web activity as you move from one site to the next.
TRUE
34. Web bugs are usually hidden within the HTML code for a web page or in an e-mail message as an invisible image.
TRUE
35. It is against the law for keystroke loggers to be deposited on your hard drive by the company you work for.
FALSE
36. Spy removal programs are designed to detect and remove various types of privacy threats.
TRUE
37. The archiving and search features of the web make your online identity available indefinitely.
TRUE
38. Computer security focuses on protecting information, hardware, and software from unauthorized use as well as preventing or limiting the damage from intrusions, sabotage, and natural disasters.
TRUE
39. Posting personal information such as your birth date, family member names, and home address, does not increase your risk of identity theft.
FALSE
40. Privacy concerns the collection and use of data about individuals.
TRUE
41. Rogue Wi-Fi hotspots imitate free hotspots and capture information, such as usernames and passwords, sent by users to legitimate sites.
TRUE
43. Computer security is concerned with protecting information, hardware, and software from
unauthorized use, as well as preventing or limiting the damage from intrusions, sabotage, and natural disasters.
TRUE
44. A rogue attack uses software to try thousands of common words in an attempt to gain unauthorized access to a user's account.
FALSE
45. The most common protocol for website encryption is https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure).
TRUE
46. If copyright-protected music is uploaded to a website, it is legal to download it.
FALSE
47. Cutting and pasting material from a website directly into your own report or paper without giving proper credit to the original source is unethical.
TRUE
Multiple Choice Questions
48. _______, a privacy issue, relates to the responsibility of controlling who is able to use data.
A. Encryption B. Access C. Restriction D. Protection
49. Using publically available databases, information resellers create _______ and sell them to direct marketers, fundraisers, and others.
A. digital footprints B. proxy people C. electronic profiles D. virtual avatars
50. _______ is the illegal assumption of someone's identity for the purposes of economic gain.
A. Denial of service attack B. Keystroke logging C. Cyberbullying D. Identity theft
51. _______ store information about the current session, your general preferences, and your activity on the website.
A. First-party cookies B. Web bugs
C. Third-party cookies D. Keystroke loggers
52. _______ are used by advertising companies to keep track of your web activity as you move from one site to the next.
A. Sniffers
B. Third-party cookies C. Keystroke loggers D. First-party cookies
53. A(n) _______ is someone who gains unauthorized access to computer systems.
A. cracker B. cookie C. hacker D. logger
54. _______ are invisible images or HTML code hidden within a web page or e-mail message and are used to transmit information without your knowledge.
A. Loggers B. Cookies C. History files D. Web bugs
55. _______ are programs that migrate through networks and operating systems and attach themselves to various other programs and databases.
A. Viruses
B. Zombies
C. Web bugs
D. DoS
56. A(n) _______ attempts to slow down or stop a computer system or network by sending repetitive requests for information.
A. zombie
B. DoS attack
C. worm
D. Trojan horse
57. A deceptive act, using the Internet, to trick people into spending their money and time for no gain is called an Internet _______.
A. worm
B. cookie C. scam
D. malware
58. _______ attempts to trick Internet users into thinking a fake but official-looking website or e-mail is legitimate.
A. A first-party cookie B. A Trojan horse C. A third-party cookie D. Phishing
59. Computers infected by a virus, worm, or Trojan horse that allows them to be remotely controlled for malicious purposes are called _______.
A. zombies
B. DoS sites C. phishes D. Web bugs
60. _______ is the use of the Internet, smartphones, or other devices to send or post content intended to hurt or embarrass another person.
A. Zombie apocalypse B. Cyberbullying C. Trojan horse attack D. Identity theft
61. A(n) _______ Wi-Fi hotspot imitates a legitimate free Wi-Fi hotspot in order to capture personal information.
A. viral B. phishing
C. rogue
D. worm
62. _______ are malicious programs that come into a computer system disguised as something else such as a free computer game or screen saver.
A. Scams
B. Zombies
C. Rogues
D. Trojan horses
63. _______ is the process of coding information to make it unreadable except to those who have a special piece of information known as a key.
A. Encryption B. Prevention C. Decryption D. Restriction
64. _______ scanning devices use fingerprints and iris scanners to identify individuals.
A. Visual B. Biometric C. Optical D. Virtual
65. _______ encrypt connections between company networks and remote users, such as workers connecting from home, creating a secure virtual connection to a company LAN across the Internet.
A. Loggers B. Biometrics
C. Virtual private networks D. Web bugs
66. _______ is concerned with protecting software and data from unauthorized tampering or damage.
A. Cloud computing B. Decryption C. Phishing D. Data security
67. As a security buffer, all electronic communications coming into and leaving a corporation must be evaluated by the _______.
A. firewall
B. disaster recovery plan C. encryption device D. loss prevention team
68. A(n) _______ attack uses software to try thousands of common words sequentially in an attempt to gain unauthorized access to a user's account.
A. Trojan horse B. dictionary
C. web bug
D. denial of service
69. _______ is representing some other person’s work and ideas as your own without giving credit to the original source.
A. Blogging B. Phishing C. Plagiarism D. Key logging
Essay Questions
70. Describe how information about individuals is collected and compiled.
Every day, large organizations accumulate data about individuals, which is subsequently stored in vast databases. Telephone companies create logs of the calls that we make, whilst credit card companies maintain user databases that record cardholder transactions, repayments, and credit histories.
Supermarket scanners track what we purchase, the quantity, the cost, and the time of purchase.
Financial institutions like banks and credit unions monitor our financial activities, such as account balances, expenditure, and outstanding debts. Search engines document the search history of users, including the topics of interest and the sites visited. Social networking sites capture every user entry.
Companies that specialize in collecting information, also known as information resellers or brokers, gather, evaluate, and vend personal data. They generate digital profiles using publicly accessible and non-public databases, which they subsequently market to direct marketers, fundraisers, and other interested parties.
71. Explain cookies and identify the difference between first-party cookies and third-party cookies.
When you visit websites, small data files called cookies are deposited on your hard drive. Depending on your browser's settings, you may choose to accept or block these cookies. Although cookies are not harmful by themselves, they have the potential to invade your privacy by storing information about your preferences and browsing habits. The type of information stored usually depends on whether the cookie is a first-party or third-party cookie. A first-party cookie is created and read only by the website you are currently visiting. Many websites use first-party cookies to store information about your current session, preferences, and activity on the site. The aim of these cookies is to offer you a personalised experience on that particular website. A third-party cookie is usually generated by an advertising company associated with the website you are currently visiting. These cookies are used by advertising companies to monitor your web activity as you browse from one site to another, and as such, they are often known as tracking cookies.
72. Describe spyware and computer monitoring software.
The most serious privacy threat is posed by spyware, which is a term used to describe a broad range of programs designed to secretly monitor and report an individual's online activities. Some of these programs can also modify your browser in order to deceive you and manipulate your online experience. Among the most invasive and dangerous types of spyware are computer monitoring software, also known as keystroke loggers. These programs capture every activity and keystroke made on your computer, including sensitive information such as credit card numbers, passwords, and emails. Computer monitoring software can be surreptitiously installed on your hard drive by a malicious website or by someone with physical access to your computer. While this software can be a deadly weapon in the hands of cybercriminals, it can also be legally used by employers monitoring their employees or by law enforcement agencies collecting evidence.
73. Explain how a web bug works.
Web bugs are hidden images or HTML code embedded within a web page or email message that are invisible to the user. They are used to transmit informaJon without the user's knowledge or consent. When a user opens an email containing a web bug, informaJon is transmiMed back to the source of the bug, indicaJng that the email address is acJve. One of the most common uses of web bugs is by companies that sell acJve mailing lists to
spammers. As a result of this decepJon, many email programs now block images and HTML code from unknown senders. It is ulJmately up to the user to decide whether to allow this content to be displayed for current and future messages.
74. Describe the three most common types of malware, including viruses, worms, and Trojan horses.
Programs known as viruses migrate through networks and operaJng systems, and oPen aMach themselves to various programs and databases. While some viruses may not cause much harm, many can be extremely destrucJve. Once acJvated, these destrucJve viruses can alter and delete files.
CreaJng and intenJonally spreading a virus is a serious crime and a federal offense punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Unfortunately, new computer viruses emerge frequently, so it is important to stay informed through daily virus tracking services. Worms are another type of program that replicates itself repeatedly. Once acJve in a network, their self-replicaJon clogs computers and networks, causing operaJons to slow or stop. E-mail aMachments and downloaded programs from the internet are common ways for viruses and worms to infect microcomputers. Trojan horses, on the other hand, disguise themselves as other programs and infiltrate computer systems. While Trojan horses are not viruses themselves, they can carry viruses like worms. Common examples of Trojan horses include free computer games and screen saver programs that are available for download on the internet. When users download these programs, viruses may be deposited onto their computer system without their knowledge.
75. How do firewalls work?
Firewalls serve as a protective barrier between a company's private network and all external networks, such as the Internet. To ensure security, the firewall evaluates all electronic communications that enter and leave the company's network. Unauthorized communications are denied access to the network, thus maintaining the network's security.
76. What are computer ethics?
The crucial factor that governs the usage of computers in modern times is ethics. Ethics refer to the principles of moral conduct. Computer ethics, on the other hand, are a set of guidelines that outline the morally acceptable use of computers in our society. Every individual is entitled to ethical treatment, including the right to protect their personal information, such as credit ratings and medical histories, from falling into the hands of unauthorised individuals.
77. Discuss copyright issues as they relate to the Internet, including software piracy and digital rights management, and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
Copyright is a legal principle that grants content creators the right to control the usage and distribution of their work. Any unauthorised reproduction of copyrighted work, such as a digital music file or a software program, may result in a violation of copyright law. Software piracy refers to the
unauthorised copying and/or distribution of software. Digital rights management (DRM) is often utilised by companies to prevent copyright infringement. DRM involves a range of technologies that manage access to electronic media and files, typically by restricting the number and types of devices that can access a file. While some corporations believe that DRM is necessary to protect their rights, some users argue that they should have the right to use the media they purchase—including movies, music, software, and video games—as they choose. According to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, it is illegal to disable or circumvent anti-piracy technologies, including DRM. The Act also states that copies of commercial programs cannot be legally resold or distributed without proper
authorisation. Additionally, it is a crime to sell or use programs or devices that are used to unlawfully copy software. Downloading or copying copyright-protected music and videos from the internet without proper authorisation is also illegal.
78. What is plagiarism, and why is it a particular concern today?
Plagiarism refers to the act of using someone else's work and ideas as your own, without giving proper credit to the original source. With the advent of computer technology, plagiarism has become much easier to commit. It is now simple to copy and paste content from a web page into a report or paper without properly citing the source. However, technology has also made it easier to detect plagiarism through services like Turnitin. These services can analyse the contents of a paper and compare it to a vast array of electronic documents, including web pages, to determine whether the work is original or not.
