Sanjoy Mandal
IFIC, Valencia
Universitat de Valencia
Email: [email protected]
https://www.astroparticles.es/members/sanjoy-mandal/
26 August - 3 September, 2021
The Scoto-seesaw model: Dark matter and Stability
Talk is based on PLB 819(2021) 136458
In collaboration with Jose W. F. Valle and R. Srivastava
TAUP 2021, Valencia, Spain
The SM is incomplete: New Physics is required to account for neutrino masses and dark matter
Neutrinos are massive: from oscillations
Introduction
Dark matter: from cosmology
Neutrino masses are at least 𝒪(10
6) smaller than electron mass
Addition of RHN ⇒ Y
νL ¯ HN ˜
R, mass generation through Higgs mechanism
⇒ Y
νwill be very small ⇒ Neutrino mass origin is different?
Many ways to generate small neutrino mass: Tree-level(seesaw models), loop-level ( radiative models)
Is there any connection between dark matter and neutrino masses?
Scotogenic Model:
Add: ℤ2 − odd fields: Ni (singlet) and η (doublet) DM: either lightest of Nior Re(η0)/Im(η0)
arXiv: hep-ph/0601225, Ernest Ma
NO: ΔmSOL2
ΔmATM2 = 0.0294+0.0027−0.0023, IO: ΔmSOL2
ΔmATM2 = 0.0306+0.0028−0.0025 .
Simplest scot-seesaw mechanism
The ratio of squared solar-to-atmospheric mass splitting is:
⇒ two mass scale arise from two very different mechanisms?
Solution: generate ΔmATM2 at Tree level and ΔmSOL2 at one loop
Scoto-seesaw: Scotogenic extension of (3,1) seesaw, arXiv: 1807.11447, Valle et al.
Additional Fields: two singlet fermions N(ℤ2 = + 1), f(ℤ2 = − 1) and one bidoublet η(ℤ2 = − 1)
Full Yukawa: ℒYuk = ℒSM + ℒATM + ℒDM,SOL
ℒATM = − YNaL¯aHN˜ + 1
2 MNNcN + h . c,
⇒ gives type-I seesaw neutrino mass (ΔmATM2 )
ℳabν =
0 0 0 YN1v
2
0 0 0 YN2v
2
0 0 0 YN3v
2 YN1v
2
YN2v 2
YN3v
2 MN ℳνTREE = − v2
2MN YNaYNb
ℤ
2symmetry: f or η could be DM
arXiv:2006.11237, P.F. De Salas et al.
DM+Solar Sector: ℒDM,SOL = YfaL¯aη˜ f + 1
2 Mf fc f + h . c.
Scalar sector: V = − μH2H†H + mη2η†η + λ(H†H)2 + λη(η†η)2 + λ3(H†H)(η†η) + λ4(H†η)(η†H) + λ5
2 ((H†η)2 + h . c . )
Due to ℤ2 symmetry < η > = 0 ⇒ no solar mass at tree-level
mη2R = mη2 + 1
2 (λ3 + λ4 + λ5) v2 mη2I = mη2 + 1
2 (λ3 + λ4 − λ5) v2 mη2+ = mη2 + 1
2 λ3v2 .
⟨H⟩ ⟨H⟩
L L
η η
f
ℳ
ν∼ ℱ(m
ηR, m
ηI, M
f)M
fY
faY
fbℱ(mηR,mηI,Mf) = 1 32π2
mη2Rlog(Mf2/mη2R)
Mf2 − mη2R − mη2I log(Mf2/mη2I) Mf2 − mη2I
⇒ This depends on δ = m
η2R− m
η2I∝ λ
5important terms: YfaL¯aη˜f, λ5
2 ((H†η)2 + h.c.)
mη2R − mη2I depends only on the parameter λ5
ℳabνTOT = − v2
2MNYNaYNb + ℱ(mηR, mηI, Mf)MfYfaYfb
λ5 = 0 ⇒ #L is restored in dark sector
ΔmATM2 = (
v2
2MN 𝕐2N )
2
, ΔmSOL2 ≈ ( 1 32π2)
2
(
λ5v2
Mf2 − mη2R Mf𝕐2f )
2
𝕐2ℓ = (Yℓe)2 + (Yℓμ)2 + (Yℓτ)2 for ℓ = N, f . With the approximation Mf2,mη2R, Mf2 − mη2R ≫ λ5v2
ΔmSOL2
ΔmATM2 ≈ ( 1
16π2)
2
(λ5 MNMf
Mf2 − mη2R)
2
( 𝕐2f 𝕐2N)
2
BP1: MN ∼ 1014 GeV, Mf ∼ 1012 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 0.4, 𝕐f ∼ 0.4 BP2: MN ∼ 1012 GeV, Mf ∼ 104 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 0.1,𝕐f ∼ 10−4 .
BP3: MN ∼ 1014GeV, Mf ∼ 105 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 0.4,𝕐f ∼ 10−4 BP4: MN ∼ 106 GeV, Mf ∼ 106 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 10−5, 𝕐f ∼ 10−4
easily fit solar and atmospheric scale with adequate small value of λ5
Many more possibilities………….
mηR ∼ 103 GeV: consistent WIMP dark matter, can be produced in collider
< mββ > = ∑
j
Uν,ej2 mj = cosθ122 cosθ132 m1 + sinθ122 cosθ132 m2e2iϕ12 + sinθ132 m3e2iϕ13
0νββ and LFV
As m1 = 0, only one Majorana phase
ϕ ≡ ϕ12 − ϕ13 ⇒ 0νββ has lower limit
Source of LFV: arises from Yf ( scotogenic contribution) and YN (seesaw contribution)
Dominant contribution: Scotogenic
DARK MATTER
ℤ2 symmetry: fermionic DM ( f ) or scalar DM (ηR/I)
Correct Relic: mηR < 50 GeV, 70 GeV < mηR < 100 GeV and mηR > 550 GeV.
1st dip at mηR ∼ MZ /2 : s-channel Z exchange 2nd dip at mηR ∼ mh/2 : s-channel h exchange
2nd dip is more efficient as Z-mediation is momentum suppressed
In case of fermionic DM f, Yf plays the role in both LFV and DM annihiliation
3rd dip: for mηR > 80 GeV, ηRηR → WW, ZZ via quartic couplings
For mηR > mh, ηRηR → hh and for mηR > mt, ηRηR → tt¯ opens up For large mηR, < σv > ∝ 1
mη2R ⇒ Ωh2 increases
coannihiliation with ηI and η± if mass splitting is small Scalar DM: ηR if λ5 < 0 or ηI if λ5 > 0 (mη2R − mη2I = λ5v2)
Advantage: DM and LFV source is different
Direct detection
ηR ηR
q q
h
ηR ηI
q q
Z
σSI = λ3452 4πmh4
mN4 fN2
(mηR + mN)2 , λ345 = λ3 + λ4 + λ5
η has non-zero hypercharge
If mηR = mηI exceeds XENON1T DD limits
λ5 ≠ 0 ⇒ inelastic cross section
Collider Constraints:
LEP-I measurements of W, Z decay widths: mηR + mηI, 2mη± > mZ and mηR/ηI + mη± > mW
Direct limit from LEP-II: mηR > 80GeV and mη± > mW .
Hence lower DM mass region is in conflict with XENON1T (arXiv: 2007.08796) and LEP data
Phys. Rev. D 76 (2007) 095011 arXiv: 0810.3924
Invisible decay mode: Γ(h → ηRηR) = v2λ3452
32πmh 1 − 4mη2R mh2 CMS Experiment: BR(h → Inv) ≤ 0.19
Deviation from SM: Rγγ = BR(h → γγ) BR(h → γγ)SM .
h couples to charged η± : h → γγ BR(h → γγ)SM ≈ 2.27 × 10−3
Constraint from LHC
13 TeV ATLAS data: Rγγexp = 0.99+0.15−0.14
Intermediate mass region is allowed from LHC data
arXiv: 1802.04146 arXiv: 1809.05937
Electroweak vacuum stability
quartic form: V(4) = λ(H†H)2 + λη(η†η)2 + λ3(H†H)(η†η) + λ4(H†η)(η†H) + λ5
2 ((H†η)2 + h . c . )
BFB: λ(μ) > 0, λη(μ) > 0,λA ≡ λ3(μ) + 4λ(μ)λη(μ) > 0,λB ≡ λ3(μ) + λ4(μ) + 4λ(μ)λη(μ) − |λ5(μ)| > 0.
⇒ this should be valid at each and every energy scale μ .
βλ(1) = + 27
200 g14 + 9
20g12g22 + 9
8g24 + 2λ32 + 2λ3λ4 + λ42 + λ52 − 9
5 g12λ − 9g22λ + 24λ2 +12λyt2 + 4λTr(YNYN†) − 6yt4 − 2Tr(YNYN†YNYN†)
βλ(1)η = + 27200 g14 + 98 g24 + 2λ32 + 2λ3λ4 + λ42 + λ52 + 920 g12( − 4λη + g22) − 9g22λη + 24λη2 +4ληTr(YfYf†) − 2Tr((YfYf†YfYf†))
βλ(1)
4 = + 9
5g12g22 − 9
5 g12λ4 − 9g22λ4 + 8λ3λ4 + 4λ42 + 8λ52 + 4λ4λη + 4λ4λ + 2λ4Tr(YfYf†)
−4Tr(YfYN†YNYf†) + 2λ4Tr(YNYN†) + 6λ4yt2
βλ(1)3 = + 27
100 g14 − 9
10 g12g22 + 9
4 g24 − 9
5 g12λ3 − 9g22λ3 + 4λ32 + 2λ42 + 2λ52 + 12λ3λη +4λ4λη + 12λ3λ + 4λ4λ + 2λ3Tr(YfYf†) + 2λ3Tr(YNYN†) + 6λ3yt2
β(1) = − 9 g2λ5 − 9g2λ5 + 8λ3λ5 + 12λ4λ5 + 4λ5λη + 4λ5λ + 2λ5Tr(YfY†) + 2λ5Tr(YNY†) + 6λ5yt2
Negative contribution from Yukawa couplings YN, Yf positive contribution from mixed quartic couplings
Perturbativity: λi(μ) ≤ 4π
Above mηR > 550 GeV: λ345 covers wide range and stilll satisfies relic
Bad points: RGE for large values of quartic couplings
exceed the perturbativity limit even before the Planck scale
βY(1)f = 1
20(10(3YfYf†Yf + YNYN†Yf) + Yf(20Tr(YfYf†) − 9(5g22 + g12))) βY(1)N = + 1
2(3YNYN†YN + YfYf†YN) + YN(3yt2 − 9
20g12 − 9
4 g22+Tr(YNYN†))
Good points: Moderate values of λ3,4,5
BP1: MN ∼ 1014 GeV, Mf ∼ 1012 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 0.45,𝕐f ∼ 0.45, λ3 = λ4 = 0.1 BP2: MN ∼ 1014 GeV, Mf ∼ 105 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 0.45,𝕐f ∼ 10−4, λ3 = λ4 = 0.09
BP3: MN ∼ 106 GeV, Mf ∼ 106 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 10−5, 𝕐f ∼ 10−4, λ3 = λ4 = 0.08
103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
[GeV]
Couplings
YN(N)=0.45, Yf(f)=0.45, 3=4=0.1
A
B
YN Yf
103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
[GeV]
Couplings
YN(N)10-5, Yf(f)10-4, 3=4=0.08
A
B
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Couplings
YN(N)=0.45, Yf(f)10-4, 3=4=0.09
A
B
YN
with reasonable initial choices, all of the stability condition can remain positive
and quartic couplings can remain perturbative all the way up to the Planck scale.
For large Yukawa coupling YN,f need large mixed quartic coupling
Improved stability properties due to extra scalars
BP1 BP2
BP3
HIGH ENERGY BEHAVIOR OF THE DARK PARITY ℤ2
Protection of ℤ2 symmetry at every energy scale is crucial to stabilise the DM If RGE evolution drags mη2 negative at some energy scale then < η > ≠ 0
⇒ breaks ℤ2 symmetry
βm(1)2
η = 12ληmη2 + 2 (−2|Mf|2 + mη2)Tr(Yf†Yf) − 2(λ4 + 2λ3)μH2 − ( 9
10g12 + 9
2g22)mη2
Dominating negative contribution: −|Mf|2|Yf|2
103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 0.0
50 100 150 200 250 300
[GeV]
m[GeV]
Mf=103 GeV
Yf =0.5
Yf =0.4 Yf =0.3 Yf =0.2
103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 0.0
50 100 150 200 250 300
[GeV]
m [GeV]
Mf=106 GeV
Y
f =10
-3
Y
f =5 x10
-4
Yf =3x10-4 Yf =10-4
Positive contribution: λη > 0, λ3,4 < 0
Larger the Mf,the smaller the allowed value of the Yukawa coupling Yf in order to have the ℤ2 symmetry protection up to the Planck scale.
arXiv: 1608.00577, Lindner et al.
λη = λ3,4 = 0.1
Summary
SM lacks neutrino mass and DM. New physics is required.
Scoto-seesaw: can explain neutrino masses as well as the hierarchy in "atmospheric" and "solar" mass scale
Additional features:
1. DM candidate (fermionic or scalar)
2. solar neutrino mass is seeded by drak particle exchange 3. large LFV, stable vacuum up to Planck scale
4. ℤ2 symmetry conservation up to Planck scale