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The Scoto-seesaw model: Dark matter and Stability

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Sanjoy Mandal

IFIC, Valencia

Universitat de Valencia

Email: [email protected]

https://www.astroparticles.es/members/sanjoy-mandal/

26 August - 3 September, 2021

The Scoto-seesaw model: Dark matter and Stability

Talk is based on PLB 819(2021) 136458

In collaboration with Jose W. F. Valle and R. Srivastava

TAUP 2021, Valencia, Spain

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The SM is incomplete: New Physics is required to account for neutrino masses and dark matter

Neutrinos are massive: from oscillations

Introduction

Dark matter: from cosmology

Neutrino masses are at least  𝒪(10

6

)  smaller than electron mass 

Addition of RHNY

ν

L ¯ HN ˜

R

,  mass generation through Higgs mechanism

Y

ν

 will be very small Neutrino mass origin is different?

Many ways to generate small neutrino mass: Tree-level(seesaw models), loop-level ( radiative models)

Is there any connection between dark matter and neutrino masses?

Scotogenic Model:

Add: 2odd fields: Ni (singlet) and η (doublet) DM: either lightest of Nior Re(η0)/Im(η0)

arXiv: hep-ph/0601225, Ernest Ma

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NO: ΔmSOL2

ΔmATM2 = 0.0294+0.0027−0.0023, IO: ΔmSOL2

ΔmATM2 = 0.0306+0.0028−0.0025 .

Simplest scot-seesaw mechanism

The ratio of squared solar-to-atmospheric mass splitting is:

two mass scale arise from two very different mechanisms?

Solution: generate ΔmATM2  at Tree level and ΔmSOL2  at one loop

Scoto-seesaw:  Scotogenic extension of (3,1) seesaw, arXiv: 1807.11447, Valle et al.

Additional Fields: two singlet fermions N(ℤ2 = + 1), f(ℤ2 = − 1) and one bidoublet  η(ℤ2 = − 1)

Full Yukawa: Yuk = ℒSM + ℒATM + ℒDM,SOL

ATM = − YNaL¯aHN˜ + 1

2 MNNcN + h . c,

gives type-I seesaw neutrino mass mATM2 )

abν =

0 0 0 YN1v

2

0 0 0 YN2v

2

0 0 0 YN3v

2 YN1v

2

YN2v 2

YN3v

2 MNνTREE = − v2

2MN YNaYNb

2

symmetry:  f  or  η  could be DM

arXiv:2006.11237, P.F. De Salas et al.

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DM+Solar Sector: DM,SOL = YfaL¯aη˜ f + 1

2 Mf fc f + h . c.

Scalar sector: V = − μH2HH + mη2ηη + λ(HH)2 + λη(ηη)2 + λ3(HH)(ηη) + λ4(Hη)(ηH) + λ5

2 ((Hη)2 + h . c . )

Due to 2 symmetry  < η > = 0 ⇒  no solar mass at tree-level

mη2R = mη2 + 1

2 (λ3 + λ4 + λ5) v2 mη2I = mη2 + 1

2 (λ3 + λ4λ5) v2 mη2+ = mη2 + 1

2 λ3v2 .

⟨H ⟨H

L L

η η

f

ν

∼ ℱ(m

ηR

, m

ηI

, M

f

)M

f

Y

fa

Y

fb

ℱ(mηR,mηI,Mf) = 1 32π2

mη2Rlog(Mf2/mη2R)

Mf2 mη2R mη2I log(Mf2/mη2I) Mf2 mη2I

This depends on  δ = m

η2R

m

η2I

λ

5

important terms: YfaL¯aη˜f, λ5

2 ((Hη)2 + h.c.)

mη2R mη2I depends only on the parameter λ5

abνTOT = v2

2MNYNaYNb + ℱ(mηR, mηI, Mf)MfYfaYfb

λ5 = 0 ⇒ #L is restored in dark sector

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ΔmATM2 = (

v2

2MN 𝕐2N )

2

, ΔmSOL2 ( 1 32π2)

2

(

λ5v2

Mf2 mη2R Mf𝕐2f )

2

𝕐2 = (Ye)2 + (Yμ)2 + (Yτ)2 for  = N, f . With the approximation Mf2,mη2R, Mf2 mη2R λ5v2

ΔmSOL2

ΔmATM2 ( 1

16π2)

2

(λ5 MNMf

Mf2 mη2R)

2

( 𝕐2f 𝕐2N)

2

BP1: MN ∼ 1014 GeV, Mf ∼ 1012 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 0.4, 𝕐f ∼ 0.4 BP2: MN ∼ 1012 GeV, Mf ∼ 104 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 0.1,𝕐f ∼ 10−4 .

BP3: MN ∼ 1014GeV, Mf ∼ 105 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 0.4,𝕐f ∼ 10−4 BP4: MN ∼ 106 GeV, Mf ∼ 106 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 10−5, 𝕐f ∼ 10−4

easily fit solar and atmospheric scale with adequate small value of λ5

Many more possibilities………….

mηR ∼ 103 GeV: consistent WIMP dark matter,  can be produced in collider

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< mββ > =

j

Uν,ej2 mj = cosθ122 cosθ132 m1 + sinθ122 cosθ132 m2e212 + sinθ132 m3e213

0νββ  and LFV

As m1 = 0, only one Majorana phase 

ϕϕ12ϕ13 ⇒ 0νββ has lower limit

Source of LFV: arises from Yf ( scotogenic contribution)  and YN (seesaw contribution)

Dominant contribution: Scotogenic

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DARK MATTER

2 symmetry: fermionic DM ( f ) or scalar DM (ηR/I)

Correct Relic: mηR < 50 GeV, 70  GeV < mηR < 100 GeV and mηR > 550 GeV.

1st dip at mηRMZ /2 :  s-channel Z exchange 2nd dip at mηRmh/2 :  s-channel h exchange

2nd dip is more efficient as Z-mediation is momentum suppressed

In case of fermionic DM f, Yf plays the role in both LFV and DM annihiliation

3rd dip: for mηR > 80 GeV, ηRηRWW, ZZ via quartic couplings

For mηR > mh, ηRηRhh and for mηR > mt, ηRηRtt¯ opens up For large mηR, < σv > ∝ 1

mη2R ⇒ Ωh2 increases

coannihiliation with ηI and η± if mass splitting is small Scalar DM: ηR if λ5 < 0 or ηI if λ5 > 0 (mη2Rmη2I = λ5v2)

Advantage: DM and LFV source is different

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Direct detection

ηR ηR

q q

h

ηR ηI

q q

Z

σSI = λ3452 4πmh4

mN4 fN2

(mηR + mN)2 , λ345 = λ3 + λ4 + λ5

η has non-zero hypercharge

If mηR = mηI exceeds XENON1T DD limits

λ5 ≠ 0 ⇒  inelastic cross section

Collider Constraints:

LEP-I measurements of W, Z decay widths: mηR + mηI, 2mη± > mZ and mηR/ηI + mη± > mW

Direct limit from LEP-II: mηR > 80GeV and mη± > mW .

Hence lower DM mass region is in conflict with XENON1T (arXiv: 2007.08796)  and LEP data

Phys. Rev. D 76 (2007) 095011 arXiv: 0810.3924

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Invisible decay mode: Γ(hηRηR) = v2λ3452

32πmh 1 − 4mη2R mh2 CMS Experiment: BR(hInv) ≤ 0.19

Deviation from SM: Rγγ = BR(hγγ) BR(hγγ)SM .

h couples to charged η± : hγγ BR(hγγ)SM ≈ 2.27 × 10−3

Constraint from LHC

13 TeV ATLAS data: Rγγexp = 0.99+0.15−0.14

Intermediate mass region is allowed from LHC data

arXiv: 1802.04146 arXiv: 1809.05937

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Electroweak vacuum stability

quartic form: V(4) = λ(HH)2 + λη(ηη)2 + λ3(HH)(ηη) + λ4(Hη)(ηH) + λ5

2 ((Hη)2 + h . c . )

BFB: λ(μ) > 0, λη(μ) > 0,λA λ3(μ) + 4λ(μ)λη(μ) > 0,λB λ3(μ) + λ4(μ) + 4λ(μ)λη(μ) |λ5(μ)| > 0.

this should be valid at each and every energy scale μ .

βλ(1) = + 27

200 g14 + 9

20g12g22 + 9

8g24 + 2λ32 + 2λ3λ4 + λ42 + λ52 9

5 g12λ 9g22λ + 24λ2 +12λyt2 + 4λTr(YNYN) 6yt4 2Tr(YNYNYNYN)

βλ(1)η = + 27200 g14 + 98 g24 + 2λ32 + 2λ3λ4 + λ42 + λ52 + 920 g12( 4λη + g22) 9g22λη + 24λη2 +4ληTr(YfYf) 2Tr((YfYfYfYf))

βλ(1)

4 = + 9

5g12g22 9

5 g12λ4 9g22λ4 + 8λ3λ4 + 4λ42 + 8λ52 + 4λ4λη + 4λ4λ + 2λ4Tr(YfYf)

−4Tr(YfYNYNYf) + 2λ4Tr(YNYN) + 6λ4yt2

βλ(1)3 = + 27

100 g14 9

10 g12g22 + 9

4 g24 9

5 g12λ3 9g22λ3 + 4λ32 + 2λ42 + 2λ52 + 12λ3λη +4λ4λη + 12λ3λ + 4λ4λ + 2λ3Tr(YfYf) + 2λ3Tr(YNYN) + 6λ3yt2

β(1) = 9 g2λ5 9g2λ5 + 8λ3λ5 + 12λ4λ5 + 4λ5λη + 4λ5λ + 2λ5Tr(YfY) + 2λ5Tr(YNY) + 6λ5yt2

Negative contribution from Yukawa couplings YN, Yf positive contribution from mixed quartic couplings 

Perturbativity: λi(μ) ≤ 4π

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Above mηR > 550 GeV: λ345 covers wide range and  stilll satisfies relic

Bad points:  RGE for large values of quartic couplings

 exceed the perturbativity limit even before the Planck scale

βY(1)f = 1

20(10(3YfYfYf + YNYNYf) + Yf(20Tr(YfYf) 9(5g22 + g12))) βY(1)N = + 1

2(3YNYNYN + YfYfYN) + YN(3yt2 9

20g12 9

4 g22+Tr(YNYN))

Good points: Moderate values of λ3,4,5

BP1: MN ∼ 1014 GeV, Mf ∼ 1012 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 0.45,𝕐f ∼ 0.45, λ3 = λ4 = 0.1 BP2: MN ∼ 1014 GeV, Mf ∼ 105 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 0.45,𝕐f ∼ 10−4, λ3 = λ4 = 0.09

BP3: MN ∼ 106 GeV, Mf ∼ 106 GeV, mηR ∼ 103 GeV, 𝕐N ∼ 10−5, 𝕐f ∼ 10−4, λ3 = λ4 = 0.08

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103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 0.0

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

[GeV]

Couplings

YN(N)=0.45, Yf(f)=0.45, 3=4=0.1

A

B

YN Yf

103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 0.0

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

[GeV]

Couplings

YN(N)10-5, Yf(f)10-4, 3=4=0.08

A

B

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Couplings

YN(N)=0.45, Yf(f)10-4, 3=4=0.09

A

B

YN

with reasonable initial choices, all of the stability condition can remain positive

and quartic couplings can remain perturbative  all the way up to the Planck scale.

For large Yukawa coupling YN,f need large  mixed quartic coupling

Improved stability properties due to extra scalars

BP1 BP2

BP3

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HIGH ENERGY BEHAVIOR OF THE DARK PARITY 2

Protection of 2 symmetry at every energy scale is crucial to stabilise the DM If RGE evolution drags mη2 negative at some energy scale then  < η > ≠ 0

 breaks 2 symmetry

βm(1)2

η = 12ληmη2 + 2 (−2|Mf|2 + mη2)Tr(YfYf) 2(λ4 + 2λ3)μH2 ( 9

10g12 + 9

2g22)mη2

Dominating negative contribution: |Mf|2|Yf|2

103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 0.0

50 100 150 200 250 300

[GeV]

m[GeV]

Mf=103 GeV

Yf =0.5

Yf =0.4 Yf =0.3 Yf =0.2

103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 0.0

50 100 150 200 250 300

[GeV]

m [GeV]

Mf=106 GeV

Y

f =10

-3

Y

f =5 x10

-4

Yf =3x10-4 Yf =10-4

Positive contribution: λη > 0, λ3,4 < 0

Larger the Mf,the smaller the allowed value of the Yukawa coupling Yf in order to have the 2 symmetry protection up to the Planck scale.

arXiv: 1608.00577, Lindner et al.

λη = λ3,4 = 0.1

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Summary

SM lacks neutrino mass and DM. New physics is required.

Scoto-seesaw: can explain neutrino masses as well as the hierarchy in "atmospheric" and "solar" mass scale

Additional features: 

1. DM candidate (fermionic or scalar)

2. solar neutrino mass is seeded by drak particle exchange 3. large LFV, stable vacuum up to Planck scale

4. ℤ2 symmetry conservation up to Planck scale

Thank You for your attention

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