ACTIVIDADES DE LA SOCIEDAD

WaTer Terms: anchorage, apparent wind, aquatic, arroyo, bay, bayou, bog, breaker, breakwall, brook, canal, cay, channel, chop, coast, coral reef, cove, creek, current, dock, ebb tide, everglade, fen, fenland, fjord, fog, gulf, harbor, haven, inland waterway, inlet, jet stream, jetty, lock, marina, maritime, marsh, marsh-land, ocean, oceanic, pier, port, port-of-call, quagmire, quay, reef, rip tide, river, riverbank, riverside, rivulet, sandbar, sea, seashore, seaside, shoal, shore, shoreline, slip, sound, stream, squall, surf, swamp, swell, tide, trade wind, tributary, true wind, undercurrent, watercourse, water spout, waterfront, waterway, wave, way-point, westerly, wetland, wharf, whitecap

WaTercrafT, human-poWered: boat, canoe, craft, dinghy, gondola, inflatable raft, kayak, life boat, life raft, longship, outrigger, paddle boat, punt, raft, rowboat, rubber raft, sailboard, sea kayak, skiff, surfboard

chapTer 9 —

WaTercrafT, small: airfoil, bareboat, bathysphere, boat, catamaran, catboat, cigarette, corvette, craft, cutter, dinghy, ferry, fire boat, fishing, glass bottom, houseboat, iceboat, keelboat, ketch, passenger liner, picnic boat, pontoon boat, sailboat, ship, shrimp boat, skiff, speed, swamp boat, tramaran, vessel, water bus, yacht water craft, water taxi, yacht, yawl

WaTercrafT, large: cargo, carrack, coal boat, clipper, cog, cruise liner, cruise ship, cutter, gam-bling, galleon, galley, junk, liner, merchantman, ocean liner, paddlewheel, pirate ship, schooner, showboat, slave ship, sloop, tanker

usage noTe: The distinction between small and large watercraft is relative. A ferry, for ex-ample, might range from a raft designed to carry a few passengers to a double-deck affair capable of holding dozens of cars. The lists above are sorted based on general conception and common sense. The sizes of individual boats and ships will vary widely.

BoaT/ship anaTomy: anchor, anchor chain, astrolabe, ballast, barometer, belaying pin, bell, bilge, bin-nacle, block, boathook, boom, bosun’s chair, bowsprit, bridge, bucket, bulkhead, bunk, buoy, cable, cabin, cap-stan, centerboard, chart, chain locker, cleat, cockpit, companionway, compass, course sail, crane, crew, crow’s nest, deck, figurehead, flagstaff, float coat, fog horn, forecastle, foremast, foresail, galley, global positioning system, grapnel, GPS, gunwale, halyard, hammock, hatch, head, helm, helmsman, hold, holystone, horn, hull, jib, keel, ladder, life jacket, life line, line, locker, log, knot, mainsail, map, mast, mizzen, mizzen mast, moonraker, mooring, oar, oarlock, personal floatation device, piling, prop, poop deck, pulley, quarterdeck, rail, railing, rig, rigging, rope, royal sail, rudder, sail, sextant, sheet, shroud, skysail, spar, spinnaker, standing rigging, stern castle, tack, tackle, tiller, topgallant, topsail, yard, wardroom, weather gauge, wheel, winch

BoaT/ship Terminology: abeam, adrift, aft, aground, astern, beam, bearing, bearing away, buoy-ancy, bow, capsize, cardinal points, careen, casting off, close-hauled, Coast Guard, compass course, course, course-plotting, dead reckoning, deviation, downwind, draft, drifting, drop anchor, ebb, ebb tide, embark, fathom, floating, fully battened sails, harbor patrol, heavy air, hoist, hoisting sail, in harm’s way, jibe, jibing, jury-rig, keelhaul, keeling, latitude, launch, leeward, leeway, longitude, luff, magnetic (east, north, south, west), mooring-under-sail, navigation, no-sail-zone, outgoing tide, overboard, port, port tack, ramming speed, reefing, regatta, sail zone, seasick, seaworthy, starboard, steer, steering, St. Elmo’s fire, stern, swamp-ing, tackswamp-ing, to windward, towswamp-ing, underway, wake, weigh anchor

sailing KnoTs: anchor bend, backup knot, bowline, buntline, butterfly, carrack bend, cleat hitch, clove hitch, constrictor, cow hitch, defined, double fisherman’s, figure eight, fisherman’s bend, girth hitch, granny, half hitch, heaving line, mooring hitch, monkey’s fist, monkey’s paw, pile hitch, Prusik, reef, roll-ing hitch, runnroll-ing bowline, sheepshank, sheet bend, slip knot, slipped buntline, stopper knot, square knot, tautline hitch, Turk’s head, trucker’s hitch, two half hitches, water knot, whistle knot

ChapTer 10: geology, geography, meTeorology, and boTany

geology

cave anaTomy: active cave, anthodite, aragonite, arch, bedrock, blind valley, block, boulder choke, box-work, breccias, calcite, cave coral, cave pearls, cave pool, cave system, chamber, chimney, choke, cleft, clint, cobble, column, crust, crystal, crystal pool, current marking, curtain, dark zone, daylight hole, dead cave, decoration, diagen-esis, dike, dip, dome, dormant cave, drapery, dripline, dripstone, duck-under, escarpment, false floor, fault, fault cave, fissure, fissure cave, flattener, flowstone, formation, fossil, foul air, frostwork, glacial cave, gour, grade, gravel, grike, grot-hole, grotto, ground-trog, groundwater, gypsum, gypsum flower, half blind valley, hall, ice cave, inflow cave, joint, karren, keyhole, labyrinth, lava cave, ledge, leg, limestone, limestone cave, live cave, marble, maze, moonmilk, natu-ral arch, natunatu-ral bridge, outflow cave, overhang, passage, pebble, pendant, percolation, permeable, phosphorescence, phreatic development, pillar, pipe, pisolite, pit, pitch, plunge pool, pothole, rift, rill, rimstone, rimstone dam, rock pile, rock shelter, roof crust, rootsicle, sand, saturated, sea cave, sediment, seepage water, shaft, shawl, shield, silt, sinkhole, siphon, soda straw, solution flute, speleotherm, splash cup, spongework, spring, squeeze, stalactite, stalagmite, straw, stream sink, streambed, strike, sump, supersaturated, swirl hole, terrace, through cave, towerkarst, trap, tube, tufa, tunnel, vadose development, walk-through, water sink, weathering, wet cave, window

geologic concepTs: law of superposition, principle of original horizontality, principle of lateral con-tinuity, ordering rock strata, volcanism, uniformitarianism, plate tectonic theory, principle of intrusive relation-ships, principle of cross-cutting relationrelation-ships, principle of inclusions and components, principle of superposition, principle of faunal succession

geologic fields of sTudy: biogeochemistry, biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, dendrochronol-ogy, earth science, economic geoldendrochronol-ogy, engineering geoldendrochronol-ogy, environmental geoldendrochronol-ogy, geoarchaeoldendrochronol-ogy, geochemistry, geochronology, geodetics, geological modeling, geometallurgy, geomicrobiology, geomorphology, geomythology, geo-physics, geotechnical engineering, glaciology, historical geology, hydrogeology, isotope geochemistry, isotope geology, lithostratigraphy, marine geology, metamorphic petrology, micropaleontology, mineralogy, mining geology, paleocli-matology, paleontology, pedology, petro physics, petroleum geology, petrology, planetary geology, plate tectonics, sedi-mentology, seismology, soil mechanics, soil science, speleology, stratigraphy, structural geology, volcanology geological naTural hazards: aftershock, avalanche, avulsion, cave-in, cliff, earthquake, falling stalactite, flood, foreshock, geyser eruption, jutting stalactite, landslide, lava, liquefaction, loose rock, mudslide, quicksand, river channel migration, rock fall, sinkhole, slippery rock, tides, tsunami, confusing cave passage, volcanic eruption, waterfall

geological vocaBulary: absolute dating, abyssal plain, accretion, aftershock, alkaline, alloch-thonous, alluvial fan, alluvium, angular unconformity, anticline, aquifer, aragonite sea, archean eon, archi-pelago, asphalt, asthenosphere, autochthonous, banded iron formation, basement rock, basin, basin and range province, batholith, bedrock, bioerosion, biostratigraphy, biostratinomy, bioturbation, boudin, Bowen’s reac-tion series, brackish, buckling, calcareous, calcite sea, caldera, carbon film, carbonate, carbonate hardgrounds, casting, cenozoic era, clast, cleavage, coccolith, coccolithophore, compaction, compression, concretion, con-glomerate, continental crust, continental margin, continental shelf, convergent boundary, copal, coprolite, core, craton, cross-bedding, crude oil, crust, daughter product, delta, dendrite, deposition, detachment fault, diagenesis, diapir, dike, dip slope, disconformity, divergent plate boundary, drill core, drumlin, earthquake, eon, epicenter, epoch, erosion, erratic, escarpment, esker, estuary, evaporate, exfoliation, extension, extrusive, fan-ning, fault, fault zone, felsic, ferromagnesian mineral, fold, fold buckling, foliation, fossil, fracture, freezing, gas-trolith, geode, geologic map, glass, Gondwanaland, half-life, hinge, hinge line, hot spring, hydrothermal vent, hypersaline, ichnology, igneous rock, interbedded, intrusion, island arc, isotope, joint, kame, karst, kettle, kink, kink band, klastos, lava, liquefaction, loess, lowland, mafic, magma, mantle, marine terrace, mélange, meta-morphic rock, metamorphism, micropaleontology, mid-oceanic ridge, mineral, mineralization, Mohs scale of hardness, molding, moraine, mullion, normal fault, oolitic, orogenesis, Pangea, pelite, plate tectonics, plumose, porphyry, psammite, quaternary, reverse fault, rock, sediment strap, sedimentary rock, shear zone, slickenside, soil liquefaction, stylolite, Tethys ocean, upheaval, urchin, Urgonian, Variscan orogeny, vein, verging, vitrinite, vug, wiggle trace, x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, Young’s modulus, zeolite

geological field WorK meThods: biogeochemistry, electrical resistivity tomography, geo-logical mapping, geomicrobiology, glaciology, ground-penetrating radar, groundwater detection, high-resolution stratigraphy, hydrocarbon exploration, paleontology, sample collection, shallow seismic surveys, stratigraphic mapping, structural mapping, surficial mapping, surveying of topographic features