Capítulo 5: Conclusiones
5.2. Trabajo Futuro
5.2.4. Ampliación de la base de datos
Exercise No: 2
Name: The scientific revolution (2)
No.5: The Scientific Revolution Question Type: Statement Choice Question Which of the following was NOT a cause of the scientific revolution?
Answers Correct Answer People stayed at home and were not interested in exploring Incorrect Answer 1 The Catholic Church was being challenged by many writers Incorrect Answer 2 The invention of the Printing Press meant that ideas spread more
quickly
Incorrect Answer 3 New plants were discovered by explorers and constant war encouraged new technology
No.6: Isaac Newton Question Type: Statement Choice
Question Which of Newton's discoveries was able to explain the work of Copernicus and Galileo? Answers Correct Answer The laws of motion and gravitation
Incorrect Answer 1 Calculating the velocity of a sound in a gas Incorrect Answer 2 Calculus
Incorrect Answer 3 Discoveries in optics
No.7: William Harvey Question Type: Multiple Choice
Question What were William Harvey's TWO major contributions to medicine? Answers Correct Answer He discovered the circulation of blood.
Correct Answer He discovered the role of the heart and its function in the body.
Incorrect Answer 1 He wrote all his findings down. Incorrect Answer 2 He cut open animals.
Incorrect Answer 3 He did not have to work too hard.
No.8: Robert Hooke Question Type: Statement Choice
Question In what way was Hooke's work recognised outside of the field of science? Answers Correct Answer He helped to rebuild London after the Great Fire
Incorrect Answer 1 He became a Professor of Geometry Incorrect Answer 2 He wrote letters to Newton
KS3 History 21: From Aristotle to the atom scientific discoveries that changed the
world?
Exercise No: 3
Name: Nineteenth century progress
No.9: Darwin Question Type: Missing Part
Question Darwin's theory of evolution brought him into great conflict _______ who were afraid that his work would undermine their teachings of creation from the Bible.
Answers Correct Answer with the Church of England, Incorrect Answer 1 with Alfred Russel Wallace, Incorrect Answer 2 with T H Huxley,
Incorrect Answer 3 with Sir Charles Lyell,
No.10: Miasma and middle age medical beliefs Question Type: Multiple Choice Question How did medieval people think that diseases were passed? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Correct Answer Through smells in the air.
Correct Answer God sent them as punishment.
Incorrect Answer 1 Rats carried diseases. Incorrect Answer 2 Through germs. Incorrect Answer 3 Through dirt and filth.
No.11: Louis Pasteur (2) Question Type: Statement Choice
Question What was the most significant achievement of Louis Pasteur?
Answers Correct Answer He discovered vaccinations for cholera, anthrax and rabies Incorrect Answer 1 He stopped beer turning sour
Incorrect Answer 2 He upset scientists with his beliefs
Incorrect Answer 3 He was able to discover that microbes passed diseases
No.12: Robert Koch Question Type: Ranking
Question Place the following achievments of Robert Koch in their order of significance Answers Correct Order C - D - E - A - B
Statement A He had a detailed knowledge of the human body Statement B He became a District Medical officer in 1872 Statement C He found the germ that caused TB
Statement D He discovered the germ that caused anthrax Statement E He discovered the germ that caused blood poisoning
KS3 History 21: From Aristotle to the atom scientific discoveries that changed the
world?
Exercise No: 4
Name: Atomic development
No.13: Radioactivity Question Type: Multiple Choice
Question In what TWO ways can radioactivity be used to help people? Answers Correct Answer It can be used to treat cancer.
Correct Answer It can be used when scanning for certain diseases.
Incorrect Answer 1 In nuclear bombs. Incorrect Answer 2 It is used in X-Rays. Incorrect Answer 3 It can provide hot food.
No.14: Ernest Rutherford Question Type: Missing Part
Question Ernest Rutherford contributed greatly to our understanding of nuclear physics because _______ Answers Correct Answer he dicovered the structure of atoms
Incorrect Answer 1 he was a Nobel prize winner for Chemistry Incorrect Answer 2 he helped Jewish refugees flee
Incorrect Answer 3 he was from Manchester
No.15: The Manhatten Project Question Type: Ranking
Question Place the following events of the Manhatten project in chronological order Answers Correct Order C - E - D - A - B
Statement A The bomb was dropped on Hiroshima Statement B An atom bomb was dropped on Nagasaki
Statement C Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt for a nuclear research project Statement D The first atomic bomb was exploded at Los Alamos
Statement E Enrico Fermi conducted an explosion at CP1
No.16: Nuclear Power Question Type: Multiple Choice
Question Choose one advantage and one disadvantage of the development of nuclear power Answers Correct Answer It is cheap to make
Correct Answer It can be very dangerous
Incorrect Answer 1 It is cheap to make it safe
Incorrect Answer 2 It produces large amounts of waste Incorrect Answer 3 It is unreliable
KS3 History 21: From Aristotle to the atom scientific discoveries that
changed the world?
Peer Assessment Question and Expert Answer
Question How significant have the scientific changes since the 17th century been in changing the world?
Expert Teacher Answer
Until the scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries, science tended to be seen as mystical - and was seen to support the religious theories of the various churches throughout the world. Aristotle's model of the solar system stood out as the major scientific theory on the subject- and this had been recorded in 350 b.c. Aristotle saw the earth as being the centre of the universe with the sun and all the planets revolving around it. However - his theories were challenged by Copernicus - who proved that it was the earth that revolved around the sun. His theories were extremely controversial. Religious scholars did not like the fact that humans were no longer the centre as it cast doubts over God's work. His work also raised questions such as how could the earth be moving since people did not fall off the planet! Copernicus' ideas gave the impetus for many more experiments and scientific discoveries. Galileo proved Copernicus' ideas with his telescope- but this got him in trouble with the Catholic Church who forced him to retract his views and put him under house arrest for the rest of his life! The scientific revolution also gave rise to men such as Isaac Newton - who was able to explain the ideas of Copernicus and Galileo when he proved the theory of gravity- this is what kept people on the planet when it was spinning so quickly. He also established a universal system of scientifc laws which allowed scientists to make exact discoveries. His work was essential to the rest of the scientific revolution. Men such as Hooke and Boyle worked hard to make advances in physics and natural sciences, whilst others such as William Harvey made great strides in developing modern surgical techniques- finding out about blood circulation for example. He received great renown for this- particularly in the later years of his life. The 19th century saw an even greater surge of scientific discovery - led by Darwin - who produced his theory of evolution following his voyage on the Beagle to discover new life forms. Darwin's theories continue to be controversial to this day. He stated that all life had evolved from a single source and that via natural selection some species have a greater ability to survive. His theories were attacked by religious leaders who felt that he was calling into question the Bible and its theories of creation. Scientists strongly defended him- but even in the 20th century his work has caused many debates- from the Scopes Monkey trial of 1925 in the USA to the racial theories behind Naziism. In medical research men like Pasteur and Koch advanced medicine through germ research - proving that diseases were passed by germs. Pasteur developed vaccinations- an important aspect of 20th century medicine. Koch was able to isolate the germs that caused particular diseases - finding cures for the biggest diseases of his day- anthrax and tb. Their work was groundbreaking in the medical world and led on to further developments in the 20th century. Perhaps the greatest 20th century achievement in science came in 1911 when Ernest Rutherford split the atom in Manchester. He was able to formulate atomic theory - which led on to the harnessing of nuclear energy. This has many uses - from the medical uses of radioactivity- including scanning and treatments for cancer, to the development of nuclear power- which is a more reliable, yet dangerous form of energy for the world. However, Rutherford's work did pave the way for the Manhatten Project of the 1940s - where Enrico Formi and J. Robert Oppenheimer were able to develop an atomic bomb - used to terrible effect in Hiroshima and Nagasaki - casting a shadow over world affairs for the next 40 years