Análisis del modelo estructural

visiting England in 1763. He also studied in Italy 1761-63,1765-66, and 1770-71with Giambattista Piranesi (1720-78), Charles-Louis Clerisseau (1721-1820), and Johan Joachim Winckelmann (1717-68). Erdmannsdorff was an honorary member o f the Berlin Academie der bildenden Kiinst and his house in Dessau often served as a school, one o f his pupils being Friedrich Gilly. Andreas Kreul, “Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff’ in

Grove Dictionary o f Art, vol 10, pp. 447-48; Middleton and Watkin, p. 399; Eberhard Driieke, “Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff,” Beverley R. Placzek, trans., in Macmillan Encyclopedia o f Architects, vol. 2, p. 28

affiliate o f the Akademie der bildenden Kiinst (Academy o f Fine Art) and modeled after the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. He taught bridge and hydraulic engineering, and port, reservoir, dam, irrigation canal, and other hydraulic construction until 1804. He also wrote several books on the practical application o f these and other topics.13 Pupils at the Bauakademie included Schinkel, Leo von Klenze, Johann Jakob Friedrich Weinbrenner (1776-1826),14 Johann Carl Ludwig Engel (1778-

13 These include Anleitung zur Anwendung derBohlen-Ddcher bey okonomischen Gebduden und insonderheit bey den Scheunen; M it 6 illumin. Kupfem (Berlin: Decker, 1801); Beschreibung der Feuer abhaltenden Lehmschindeldacher, nebst gesammelten Nachrichten und Erfahrungen iiber die Bauart mit getrockneten Lehmziegeln (Berlin: Friedrich Maurer, 1796); Praktische Anleitung zur Anwendung des Nivellirens oder Wasserwagens in den bey derLandeskultur vorkommenden (Berlin: Gedruckt bey G. Decker, 1800); Uber die Grundung der Gebaude a u f ausgemauerte Brunnen (Berlin: Im Verlage der Realschulbuchhandlung, 1804);

Ueber Erfindung, Construction und Vortheile der Bohlen-Ddcher, mit besonderer Rucksicht a u f die [Urschrift “ihres”] Erfinders (Berlin: bei F. Vieweg dem Aeltere, 1797); with Johann Albert Eytelwein and Baptista Baria,

Kurze Anleitung a u f welche A rt Blitzableiter an den Gebduden anzubringen sind... (Berlin: In der Buchhandlung der Realschule, 1802); with Johann Albert Eytelwein, Praktische Anweisung zur Wasserbaukunst: welche eineAnleitungzumEntwerfen, Veranschlagen, undAusfuhren deramgewdhnlichsten vorkommenden Wasserbaue enthalt (Berlin: A uf kosten der berfasser, 1802-1808). Publication dates given are for first editions; many were reprinted several times.

Gilly was also the author o f a widely-reprinted textbook, Handbuch der Land-Bau-Kunst, vorzuglich in Rucksicht a u f die Construction der Wohn- und W irthschafts-Gebaudefir angehende Cameral-Baumeister und Oekonomen, 2 vols. (Berlin: bei Friedrich Bieweg dem alteren, 1797-98). After his death, the book was revised by D. G. Friderici (a nom de plume? His son as “little Friedrich”), and published in several editions, the last in 1828. The book’s importance and endurance can be seen in a request made by the publisher View ig to Gottfried Semper in 1843 for a revised version; Caroline Van Eck, Organicism in nineteenth-century architecture: An inquiry into its theoretical and philosophical background (Amsterdam: Architectura & Natura Press, 1994), p. 26.

14 Weinbrenner was an architect, urban planner, writer, and teacher. As city architect o f Karlsruhe, he shaped the image o f that city and his ideas came to influence most public architecture in Baden. However, the persistence with which he clung to the neoclassical ideas that he advocated tended to make his work increasingly irrelevant to younger practitioners and critics. Initially trained as a builder, he studied architecture in Switzerland (1788-90), Vienna (1790-01), Dresden (1791), and Berlin (1791-02). However, his contact in Berlin with Langhans and Friedrich Gilly and a five-year stay in Rome (1792-97) where he met archeologist and theorist Aloys Ludwig Hirt (1759-1837) and several Prix de Rome winners from the Paris Academie Royale d’Architecture had the greatest influence on his work. After he returned from Rome, Weinbrenner went to Baden to work for the Building Administration in 1800, and in 1809, became C hief Director. Through his involvement in urban planning, he had great influence on building activity in the region and soon took over all important projects while creating a decentralized administration that could supervise building activities throughout Baden. His first plan for Karlsruhe (prepared as a student in 1790) and a revised version made in Karslruhe in 1797 formed the basis o f the town’s design. Both emphasized axiality, serial development, and sequences o f squares and Weinbrenner’s overlay o f these neoclassical forms on the existing Baroque radial city plan. Weinbrenner also taught architecture in a private Bauschule that he established in Karlsruhe. It drew many students from outside o f Baden and his pupils included Georg Moller, Friedrich von Gartner, and his own successor, Heinrich Hiibsch. His school was incorporated into the Karlsruhe Polytechnikum founded in 1825. Although he published a book on theatre construction, Uber Theater in architektonischer Hinsicht; mit Beziehung a u f Plan und Ausfuhrung des neuen Hoftheaters zu Carlsruhe, Tubingen: J. G. Cotta, 1809), most o f his writing remained incomplete and he was mainly involved with business affairs at the end o f his life. W ulf Schirmer, “Johann Jakob Friedrich Weinbrenner” in Grove Dictionary o f Art, vol 33, pp. 38-40; Eberhard

1840),15 and Carl Haller von Hallerstein (1774-1817).16 In this sense, David Gilly can be said to have metaphorically and literally founded a Franco-Prussian school of architecture.

Gilly also edited an illustrated architectural journal, Sammlung niitzlicher Aufsdtze und Nachrichten die Baukunst betreffend. Fur angebende Baumeister und Freunde der Architektur that addressed issues ranging from construction methods and costs to architectural history and book reviews. Gilly and members o f the Koniglich PreuBich Ober-Bau-Departements (Royal Prussian Building Authority) founded the journal in January 1797 and jointly edited it through 1804; Gilly edited it alone until 1806.17 Despite irregular publication, it became a prototype for similar journals.

Driieke, “Freidrich Weinbrenner,” Beverley R. Placzek, trans., in Macmillan Encyclopedia o f Architects, vol. 4, pp. 385-86; David Brownlee, “Freidrich Weinbrenner and Karslruhe: An Introduction” in Friedrich

Weinbrenner, Architect o f Karlsruhe: A Catalogue o f the Drawings in the Architectural Archives o f the University o f Pennsylvania, David B. Brownlee, ed., (Philadelphia: University o f Pennsylvania Press, 1986), p. 3-11; Hitchcock, pp. 43-44; Pfammatter, pp. 229-30.

15 Engel was bom in Berlin. After briefly working in Tallinn, Estonia and Petersburg, Russia, he moved to