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1_{Lithuanian State Plant Varieties Testing Center, Smelio 2, LT 10324,}

Vilnius, Lithuania, e-mail: [email protected];

2_{Division of Agri-environment and Organic Farming, Ministry of Agriculture of Lithuania,}

Gedimino 19, LT 01103, Vilnius, Lithuania

Lithuanian State Plant Varieties Testing Center (hereinafter referred to as the ″Center″) is an official institution responsible for the maintaining the Lithuanian National List of Plant Varieties (hereinafter referred to as the ″List of Plant Varieties″) and for protection of new plant varieties in Lithuania in compliance with the Law on Seed Cultivation and the Law on Plant Variety Protection of the Republic of Lithuania. The Centre is an independent authority under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture.

The breeder or his authorised representative seeking to enter variety into the List of Plant Varieties, shall submit a written application and a Technical Questionnaire of the variety to the Center.

A plant variety shall be included into the List of Plant Varieties, if:

1) the tests on the distinctness, uniformity and stability (hereinafter referred to as the ″DUS″) of the variety have been performed;

2) the suitable denomination for variety is given;

3) the tests specified by the Minister of Agriculture on the value for cultivation and use (hereinafter referred to as the ″VCU″) of plant genera and species have been performed;

4) State Board on Evaluation of Plant Varieties shall propose that a variety can be included into the List of Plant Varieties.

DUS tests for new plant varieties are conducted in Poland in compliance with bilateral agreement between our institution and Polish Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU).

VCU trials are conducted in 9 plant varieties testing stations (hereinafter referred to as the ″Station″) located in 3 different nature and climatic zones in Lithuania.

First – Lithuanian West Zone:

o Plungės and Šilutės Stations – varieties of agricultural plants are tested;

o Rietavas Station – varieties of potato, fodder beet, fruit and vegetables are tested.

o Second – Lithuanian Middle Lowland Zone:

o Kaunas Station - varieties of agricultural plants and vegetables are tested;

o Pasvalys Station - varieties of agricultural plants are tested. Third - Lithuanian East Zone:

o Vilnius and Utena Stations - varieties of agricultural plants are tested;

o Vilnius Horticulture Station – fruit varieties and vegetables are tested;

o Kaišiadoriai Station – varieties of turf grasses and ornamental plants are tested. The annual testing activity (depending on the number of applications) covers about 300 – 400 varieties. Normal duration of VCU tests is 2 years, and 3 years for winter crops and perennial grasses. The test of all varieties is performed in four replicates, i.e. for every test there are 4 distinct plots, 25 sq. meters each. The quality of the harvested material is examined and the field tests are accompanied by various laboratory tests depending on a crop: proteins, gluten, sedimentation, falling number, sugar or starch content.

If variety meets all requirements it is registered in the List of Plant Varieties and from May 2004, notified (reported) to the European Commission to be added to the Common Catalogue, excluding varieties of fruit plant material. Listing is valid for a period of 10 years. A prolongation is possible as well.

List of Plant Varieties of the year 2005 covers 505 varieties of agricultural plant species, 128 varieties of vegetables and 156 varieties of fruit plants. Approximately 150 varieties are marked with star. It means that adaptation period of 3 years is established for these varieties regarding uncorformity requirements of EU – they are without DUS tests.

Searching for cereals varieties suitable for use in organic farming it emerged that varieties with short straw are not suitable for organic farming, because they cannot suppress weeds and by that reason yield is stingy. In this case we need to choise varieties, which could

suppress weeds and increase yield. The main requirements to varieties suitable for organic farming are the following:

o variety must satisfy conditions of soil and climate;

o priority is given to domestic varieties;

o variety must be resistant to diseases and pests.

I would like to present data of tests on evaluation of varieties suitable for organic farming carried out in Lithuania. Varieties were evaluated according rate of value typical for different plant species. Tests were carried out in Stations located in Kaunas, Pasvalys, Plungė, Šilutė, Vilnius and Utena.

Varieties of spring cereals were evaluated depending on harvest of grains, weight of 1000 grains and percentage of proteins in grains. Content of gluten and lesion of septorium of plant leaves is evaluated in spring barley additionally.

Varieties of winter cereals were evaluated according the following main rates: harvest of grains, height of plants, weight of 1000 grains, and resistance to wintering. Winter wheat was evaluated regarding percentage of proteins and content of gluten additionally. Percentage of proteins is important for evaluation of winter triticale varieties, too.

Peas were evaluated according harvest of grains, weight of 1000 grains and resistance to lodging and percentage of proteins.

Varieties of very early and early potatoes were evaluated according marketable harvest, procentage of starch and dry material.

Main rates for evaluation of perrenial grasses were: harvest of dry material, resistance to wintering, height of plants, percentage of fibre and proteins in dry material.

Regarding to tests we could propose the following varieties listed in the List of Plant Varieties of the year 2005 and suitable for use in organic farming:

Plant species Varieties suitable for use in organing farming Spring barley ‘Aura’* (LT), ‘Justina’ (DE);

Oat ‘Migla’* (LT), ‘Belinda’ (SE), ‘Freddy’ (DE); Spring wheat ‘Ismena’ (PL), ‘SW Kungsjest’ (SE);

Winter wheat ‘Širvinta 1’ (LT), ‘Olivin’ (FR), ‘Vergas’ (DE), ‘Zentos’ (DE); Rye ‘Joniai’ (LT), ‘Fernando’ (DE), ‘Matador’ (DE);

Field pea ‘Hardy’ (DE), ‘Madonna’ (DE), ‘Tinker’ (DE);

Potato ‘Beluga’ (DE), ‘Sinora’ (NL), ‘Vivaldi’ (NL), ‘Vitara’ (DE); Legume grasses:

lucerne ‘Birutė’* (LT), ‘Malvina’* (LT); red clover ‘Arimaičiai’* (LT);

white clover ‘Birutė’* (LT), ‘Malvina’* (LT); Timothy ‘Žolis’ (LT).

Notes:

Varieties * are in second year for DUS testing;

Country codes: DE – Germany; NL – Netherlands; LT – Lithuania; PL – Poland.

Center will continue tests on identification of most suitable varieties for organic farming in future. It would be useful to enter suitable varieties in the Common Catalogue with the remark ‘organic variety’ in future as well.