ANEXOS, CUADROS A LOS ESTADOS FINANCIEROS

Fodder legumes also referred as masals have immense value in animal nutrition, because of their higher protein content (19-24%), vitamin’s specific minerals like P, Calcium etc. and rich in crude protein content. Legume forages are near equal to concentrates and are likely to be substituted for the latter.

Importance

1. Short duration in nature

2. Raised as catch crop in between two crops 3. Improve soil fertility by way of ‘N’ fixation 4. Suitable for inter or mixed cropping

5. Dual purpose green manure and fodder value Eg.) Sunhemp, Berseem

6. Increase intake of fodder by improving fodder availability 7. Rich in protein, calcium, ‘P’ and minerals

8. Capable of replacing concentrates in animal rations and save feeding costs.

In India, important leguminous forage crops are

Annual Perennial Summer growing Eg. Cowpea Stylosanthus hamata ( annual) Winter growing Eg. 1. Berseem 2. Lentil 1. Desmanthus 2. Lucerne 3. S. Scabra 4. S. hamata (perennial)

COWPEA: (Vigna unquiculata) Origin: India

Variety: Co5 (only for fodder purpose) Salient features

? Grown in irrigated / rainfed conditions

? Withstand shade

? It has 19% crude protein, 2.13% ca.

Season

Irrigated throughout the year Rainfed: September - October

Soil: All soil types with gored drainage. Field preparation

Plough 2 or 3 times and form ridges and furrows at 6m.long and 30cm apart or beds of 20m2_.

Manuring

FYM or compost: 25t/ha NPK at 25:40:20 kg/ha

Band application prio r to sowing is preferred.

Seeds and sowing Seed rate: 40kg/ha Spacing: 30 X 10cm

Seed treatment: Rhizobium: 3 Pockets

Sowing: Sow to a depth of 3cm on the side of the ridges.

After cultivation: Hoeing and weeding on 20DAS. Subsequent weeding as and w hen required. Irrigation: Sowing + life irrigation + once in 10 days

Harvest: 50-55 days (50% flowering) Green fodder yield: 20-25 t/ha

Note: Mixed or intercropping with sorghum/maize or cumbu will help to improve fodder yield as

BERSEEM or EGYPTIAN CLOVER (Trifolium alexandrinum)

Origin: Indigenous to Egypt and introduced to India (1904)

In India, it is an important rabi forage crop in Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajesthan, Gujarat, UP etc.,

Importance

? winter forage crop

? 20% crude protein / 70% drymatter digestibility

? Rich in Ca and P

? Used as green mane for improving physical, chemical and biological properties of soil

? Decrease bulkdensity and better soil aggregation

? Very good fodder for milch animals and horses

Climate requirement: Requires dry and cool climate. When the temperature goes around 30

to 33?C, regrowth after cutting is not possible. It cannot with stand drought and frost. It cannot be grown in damp and heavy rainfall areas.

Soil: All type of soils except very sandy soils. Well-drained medium loam soils rich in ‘P’ and

calcium. It performs well in acid soil.

Field preparations: Once with Iron plough and thrice with country plough and marke it to

fine tilth. Form ridges and furrows / beds.

Varieties 1) Diploid

i) Mescari (C.10) : 6.0 to 7.0 t/ha. Adapted in Punjab, Haryana, H.P. ii) Berseem Ludhiana 1: (BL.1). A week earlier than Mescari. 0t/ha

2) Tetraploid

Winter Hardy, quick growing. Vey leafy and succulent. However regrowth after cutting is not possible if temperature goes > 27?C.

eg.) i) Pusa Giant : from IARI :10-15% more yield than Mescari, winter hardy and frost resistant.

Manners Manuring: FYM 15 t/ha and NPK: 25:60:0 kg/ha entire basal. Seeds and Sowing: Seed rate: 20 to 25 kg/ha.

Late/ early sowing: 30 kg/ha to 35 / kg/ha

Rhizobium treatment should be given.

Time of sowing: Ist fortnight of October. For better growth and yield, diploid and tetraploid

varieties should be mixed with 1:1 or 2:1 ratio.

Sowing: Broad cast, mixed and covered. For getting higher yield of good quality fodder, mix

1.8kg of mustard seed with full rate of berseem seed.

Irrigation: Sowing and life irrigation and then once in 15 to 20 days.

Harvesting: Ist _{cut: 60 days old crop. Subsequent cuttings 25 to 35 days interval depending on}

vegetable growth (After taking two cuttings, allow it for seed production)

HEDGE LUCERNE (Desmathus virgatus) Veli masal

It is introduced from South America. It is a perennial fodder legume. With stand repeated cuttings. Better suited for growing as mixed crop with Cumbu Napier Hybrids.

? Contains 19.2% crude protein.

? 27% dry matter, No toxic principles.

Season: As an irrigated crop, it can be grown through out the year.

Under rainfed condition, it can be grown during June to October.

Soils: All types of soils.

Field preparations: Plough 2 times to obtain good tilth. Form ridges and furrows at 50cm

apart.

Manuring: Apply 12.5 t FYM / ha.

Rhizobium : 3 pockets/ha as seed treatment NPK: 10:60:30 kg/ha and entire dose as basal.

Seeds and Sowing Seed rate: 20Kg/ha.

Spacing: 50cm X solid sowing.

Sowing: Soak the seeds in hot water for 4 minutes (80?C) and then soak in cold water overnight. Deep sowing will results in lower germination. Plan to a depth of 1.0 to 1.5 cm.

Irrigation: Immediately after sowing, life Irrigation and then once in a week. After cultivations: Hoeing and weeding on 30th _{day. There after HW after each cut.}

Harvest: First cut at 90 days at 50cm height and, subsequent cut at an interval of 40 days. Green fodder yield: 125 t/ha

STYLOSANTHES (Muyal Masal or Stylo) Origin: South America

Varieties: Stylosanthes hamata (Perennial) Stylosanthus scabra (Perennial)

Stylos are drought resistant pasture legumes coming up well in areas receiving a minimum rainfall of 450 to 840 mm annually. These can be grown in a wide range of soil.

? Crude protein content ranges from 15 to 18%

? Suited for inter crop or mixed crop with blou – buffel or guinea grass

Season: Through out the year (irrigated)

Field preparation: Plough 2 to 3 times to obtain good tilth.

Manures and Manuring: FYM or compost: 10t/ha. NPK: 20:60:15 kg/ha and the entire dose

as basal.

Seed rate: 10kg/ha Spacing: 30 X 15 cm.

Seed treatment: Soak the seeds in hot water (80?C) for 4 minutes and soak it in cold water over night.

Sowing: Sow to a depth of 1cm. Deep sowing should be avoided. After cultivation: Weeding on 25th _day.

Irrigation: For Irrigated crop: Immediately after sowing, life irrigation , + 7 to 10 days internal

/ Rainfed Crop.

Harvest: First cut on 75th _{day at flowering and s ubsequent cut depending upon the growth.}

Green fodder Yield: Irrigated: 50t/ha. First year yield will be poor. Second and subsequent

years: 30 to 35 t/ha.

LUCERNE or ALFALFA: Medicago sativa (Kudirai masal)

? It is a perennial leguminous plant and may supply green fodder for 3 to 4 years from the same field.

? Being a deep rooted crop, it extracts water from deeper zone.

? High crude protein (20 to 24%) with 72% digestibility. 1.5% Ca and 0.2% P. High amount of vitamin A, B and D, and Calcium.

? Lucerne crop supplies green fodder for a long period (November to June)

Origin: South West Asia.

Distribution: USA, Canada, Argentina, India. In India, it is mostly grown is irrigated areas of

Punjab, Haryana, UP, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.

Climate: It thrives best under ward, dry and sunny condition up to 2500 m altitude . It can

withstand fairly low temperature.

Soil: Febrile loamy soil with good drainage.

Season: Throughout the year for irrigated condition and middle of October is the best time of

sowing.

Manures and Manuring: FYM or compost 25t/ha, NPK: 25:120:40 kg/ha. Band placement is

preferred prior to planting. Lucerne requires high ‘P’.

Seeds and sowing

Seed rate :15 to 20 kg/ha. Spacing: 25cm X solid line

Rhizobium seed treatment: 3 pockets.

Sowing: Sow to a depth of 2cm on the sides of the ridges or above the fertilizer band.

After Cultivation: Hand weeding on 20DAS, thin and gap fill. Subsequent weeding if

necessary.

Irrigation: Sowing + life irrigation +once in a week.

Harvest: Ist _{cut, on 60 days after sowing and subsequent cut: 25 to 30 days interval.}

Green fodder yield: 80 to100t/ha (in 12 to 13 cuts) Seed yield: 150 to 200kg/ha.

TREE FODDERS