95SOUTHERN COPPER CORPORATION
NOTA 7 IMPUESTO A LA RENTA:
? Tamil Nadu: Co-1, Paiyur-1, Paiyur-2
? Other states: Hebbal Hurali-2, HPK-2, VZM-2PGH-9, BGM-1
SEEDS AND SEED TREATMENT
? Chemical seed treatment with carbendazim or thiram @ 2g/kg of seed then after interval of 24 hours treat with 3 packets (600g) suitable strains of Rhizobium biofertilizer with rice gruel 15 minutes before sowing
? Seed rate 20-25 kg/ha and if grown primarily for fodder use 40 kg/ha
FERTILISER APPLICATION
? Apply 12.5 t/ha of compost or FYM and 12.5 kg N + 25 kg P2O5 / ha fertilizers basally
before sowing
SOWING
? Spacing 30x10 cm Dibble the seeds at 30 cm row spacing and thin it to 10 cm in the row
WEED MANAGEMENT
HARVESTING
? Matured pods suitable for harvest are slightly brittle and straw coloured. Plants are uprooted at harvest, stacked for few days to dry, later threshed by beating to separate the grains by winnowing
COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) (Lobia, Black eyed pea, China pea) IMPORTANCE
? Grains used for human consumption and green pods used as vegetables
? Being rich in protein and other nutrients known as vegetable meat
? It makes a good cover crop and prevents soil erosion
? The leaves and haulms are rich sources of fodder and hay is more digestible than alfalfa
? Excellent green manure
? Contains 23.4% protein, 1.8% fat, 60.3% carbohydrate. Also rich in Ca and Fe
? Alternate pulse crop for dryland farming
ORIGIN: Africa (Nigeria) DISTRIBUTION
? Mainly grown in Africa (90%) and Nigeria is the world's largest producer
? Cultivated through out Sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia, Latin America, Australia and the USA
? Mainly grown in central and peninsular India and in Northern India it is grown in UP, Punjab, Delhi and Haryana
SOIL AND CLIMATE REQUIREMENT
? Ideal soils are well drained loam or sandy loam and saline alkali soils are not suitable
? Thrives best between temperature of 27 ?C to 35 ?C
? Optimum pH range is 6.0 to 7.5
? Withstand drought to certain extent
FIELD PREPARATION
? Prepare the land to get fine tilth and form beds and channels
SEASON AND VARIETIES
Grown in Kharif, Rabi and summer crop
In Tamil Nadu
Season Month Varieties
Kharif (Adipattam) June – August Co2, Co3, Co4, Co6, KM1, Paiyur 1 Rabi (Purattasipattam) Sept -
November
Co2, Co3, Co4, Co6, KM1,VBN1&2, Paiyur 1
Summer February -
March Co2, Co4, VBN2
Other important varieties in India:
C-152, Pusa Sawani, Gujarat Cowpea1 and 2, PTB1(Kanakamani), PTB2(Krishnamani), Highly valued vegetable cowpea is 'Pusa Baisaki'
SEEDS AND SEED TREATMENT
? Seed rate 20kg/ha for pure crop, 10kg/ha for mixed crop, Fodder and green manure crop 40kg/ha
? Chemical seed treatment with carbendazim or thiram @ 2g/kg of seed then after interval of 24 hours treat with 3 packets (600g) suitable strains of Rhizobium biofertilizer with rice gruel 15 minutes before sowing
? Instead of chemical treat with Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescence @ 10g/kg followed by biofertilizer
FERTILISER APPLICATION
? Apply fertilizers basally before sowing as below
? Rainfed 12.5 kg N + 25 kg P2O5 / ha
? Irrigated 25.0 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 / ha
? Application of 20kg K2O/ha is beneficial for lateritic soils in increasing the yield
SOWING
? Dibble the seeds adopting spacing of 30x15cm or 45x15cm depending on variety
WATER MANAGEMENT
? Irrigate immediately after sowing followed by life irrigation on the third day
? Irrigate at interval of 10 to15days depending on soil moisture conditions
? For wetland bunds pot water daily for a week after sowing
? Flowering and pod formation stages are critical periods of irrigation
FOLIAR SPRAY OF DAP AND NAA (Rice fallows)
? Spray 2% DAP at the time of first appearance of flower and 15 days later
? Spray 40ppm NAA (Planofix) at the time of first appearance of flower and 15 days later
WEED MANAGEMENT
? Spray fluchloralin 1.5l/ha or pendimethalin 2.0 l/ha as pre-emergence 3 DAS followed by one hand weeding 30 DAS
? If herbicides are not applied give two hand weeding on 15th and 30th DAS
CROPPING SYSTEMS
? Usually mixed with maize, sorghum, millets, cassava
? Maize-wheat-cowpea, Paddy-wheat-cowpea, Cowpea-wheat-cheena, Jowar+cowpea- berseem-maize+cowpea
HARVESTING
? Harvesting the plants when 80% of the pods are mature and thresh after drying
GARDEN LAB LAB (Avarai) Lab lab purpureus var. typicus IMPORTANCE
? Mostly the green pods used as vegetables
? Grains are also used for human consumption
? The leaves and haulms are also used as fodder
SOIL AND CLIMATE REQUIREMENT
? Ideal soils are well drained loam or sandy loam and saline alkali soils are not suitable
? Thrives best between temperature of 27 ?C to 35 ?C
? Optimum pH range is 6.0 to 7.5
FIELD PREPARATION
? Prepare the land to get fine tilth and form beds and channels for bushy types and pits of one cubic foot for Pandal types
SEASON AND VARIETIES
Grown in Kharif, Rabi and summer crop
Season Month Varieties
Kharif (Adipattam) June – August CO3, CO4, CO5, CO6, CO8, CO9, CO10, CO11, CO12, CO13
Rabi (Purattasipattam) Sept - November -do- + CO7 Summer February - March -do-
SEEDS AND SEED TREATMENT
? Seed rate :CO3, CO4, CO5, CO7, CO6, CO8 : 4kg/ha
? Seed rate CO9, CO11, CO12 : 20kg/ha and for Co10 and Co13: 25kg/ha for pure crop, 50% for mixed crop
? Chemical seed treatment with carbendazim or thiram @ 2g/kg of seed then after interval of 24 hours treat with 3 packets (600g) suitable strains of Rhizobium biofertilizer with rice gruel 15 minutes before sowing
FERTILISER APPLICATION
? Apply fertilizers basally before sowing as below
? Rainfed 12.5 kg N + 25 kg P2O5 / ha
? Irrigated 25.0 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 / ha
? For pandal varieties, 115 g each in Ammonium sulphate and superphosphate may be applied
SOWING
? Dibble the seeds adopting the fo llowing spacing
? CO3, CO4, CO5 : 90x90 cm (Climber)
? CO6, CO7, CO8, CO9, CO10, CO11 and CO12 : 45x15 cm
? CO13 : 45x30 cm
WATER MANAGEMENT
? Irrigate at interval of 15 to 20 days depending on soil moisture conditions
? Flowering and pod formation stages are critical periods of irrigation
WEED MANAGEMENT
? Give two hand weeding first between 20 to 25 DAS and second at 45 DAS