Study 1 Big Five Personality Inventory -‐ reduced scale (Rammstedt & John, 2006)
Study 1, 3, 5 Need for Cognitive Closure -‐ reduced scale (Houton & Grewal, 2000)
Study 3 Following Affective States Test (Gasper & Bramesfeld, 2006) (plus stress questions).
Study 3 Decision-‐making Style (Scott & Bruce, 1995)
Study 3, 4, 5 Personal Need for Structure (Neuberg & Newsom, 1993; Thompson et al., 1989,1992)
Study 4 Brief Symptom Inventory
(Derogatis, 1975; Derogatis & Melisaratos, 1983)
In order to minimize bias and priming effects on scenario responses the questions from these psychological instruments were all presented after study scenario descriptions and AWS related questions. All psychological instrument questions were also presented in randomized order.
Following is a summary of the statements used in the emotional, uncertainty attitude and decision-‐style survey instrument measures that were central to this thesis. As described in the text and detailed in the cited literature, participants ranked their agreement with these statements with a Likert scale. Factors are followed by bulleted associated statements.
Emotional survey instrument measures
Following Affective States Test (Gasper & Bramesfeld, 2006) Follow negative
• I always give in to my negative emotions.
• I tend to pay more attention to my negative moods than my positive moods. • I pay attention to my negative feelings.
• I tend to dwell more on my negative feelings than others do.
.
Follow positive
• When I am feeling good about something, I often pursue it. • I often pay a lot of attention to my positive feelings.
• Positive feelings give a direction to life. • I always give in to my positive emotions.
Ignore negative
• It is usually a waste of time to think about your negative emotions. • One should never be guided by negative emotions.
• When making a decision people should never be influenced by their negative
feelings.
Ignore positive
• I do not let my pleasant moods influence my behavior.
• People should not let their positive feelings influence the way in which they do
their work.
• One should never be guided by positive emotions. • I try not to give in to my positive emotions.
Anxiety-stress
• Most of the time I feel relaxed and content. • Most of the time I feel stressed and anxious. • Right now I feel relaxed and content.
• Right now I feel stressed and anxious.
Emotional responses to AWS use: If you had to use this [alternative water source] for [drinking/washing your hands], how much [emotion with synonyms listed below] would you feel?
Social-moral emotions (cf. Rozin et al, 1999)
• contempt (disdain, scorn) • anger (fury, rage)
• disgust (sickness, nausea)
Risk-benefit emotions (cf. Sjornberg 2007)
• fear (fearful (dread, terror) • interest (curiosity, enthusiasm) • relief (comforted, ease)
• uncertainty (hesitancy, doubtfulness) • optimism (positivity, hopefulness)
Uncertainty attitude survey instrument measures Need for Cognitive Closure (Houton & Grewal, 2000) Preference for order and structure
• I find that establishing a consistent routine enables me to enjoy my life. • I enjoy having a clear structured mode of life.
• I like to have a place for everything and everything in its place.
• I find that a well ordered life with regular hours suits my temperament.
Preference for predictability
• I dislike unpredictable situations.
• I don't like to be with people who are capable of unexpected actions.
• I prefer to socialize with familiar friends because I know what to expect from
them.
• I enjoy the uncertainty of going into a situation without knowing what might
happen.
Discomfort with ambiguity
• I dislike it when a persons statement could mean many different things.
• I feel uncomfortable when someone’s meaning or intentions are unclear to me. • I feel uncomfortable when I don't understand the reason why an event occurred
in my life.
Personal Need for Structure (Neuberg & Newsom, 1993) Need for structure
• I enjoy having a clear and structured mode of life.
• I like to have a place for everything and everything in its place.
• I find that a well-ordered life with regular hours makes my life tedious. • I find that a consistent routine enables me to enjoy life more.
Response to lack of structure
• It upsets me to go into a situation without knowing what I can expect from it. • I'm not bothered by things that interrupt my daily routine.
• I don't like situations that are uncertain. • I hate to change my plans at the last minute. • I hate to be with people who are unpredictable.
• I enjoy the exhilaration of being in unpredictable situations. • I become uncomfortable when the rules in a situation are not clear.
Decision style survey instrument measures Decision-making Style (Scott & Bruce, 1995) Rational
• I double-check my information sources to be sure I have the right facts before
making decisions.
• I make decisions in a logical systematic way. • My decision making requires careful thought.
• When making a decision, I consider various options in terms of a specific goal.
Intuitive
• When making decisions I rely upon my instincts. • When make decisions, tend to rely on my intuition. • I generally make decisions that feel right to me.
• When make a decision, it is more important for me to feel the decision is right
than to have a rational reason for it.
• When make a decision, trust my inner feelings and reactions.
Dependent
• I often need the assistance of other people when making important decisions. • I rarely make important decisions without consulting other people.
• If I have the support of others, it is easier for me to make important decisions. • I use the advice of other people in making my important decisions.
• I like to have someone steer me in the right direction when I am faced with
important decisions. Avoidant
• I avoid making important decisions until the pressure is on. • I postpone decision making whenever possible.
• I often procrastinate when it comes to making important decisions. • I generally make important decisions at the last minute.
Spontaneous
• I generally make snap decisions.
• I often make decisions on the spur of the moment. • I make quick decisions.
• I often make impulsive decisions.