CADEREYTA DE MONTES

8.1 Muscle Muscle ChainsChains

n th prcing chptrs, w hv ntroc  nm- b of msc chn mos Wh som hv crtin similrts (Bst n Chfo, both from th nch school), othrs  vry spciz Myrs, StyfDnis Ech of th thos scrb th mol om  prticr prspctiv or olfrs fo xmpl, ctin spcts omint mo thn for os topths or physothrpists

In ton w scib th mchnicl spct o crn ostopthy, th Zink pttns, n Littjohns mol of th spn colmn thrmo, w tr min tht on of th min nctions of th ocomoto

Littjohns pvots n th joints in th xtrmtis  loct mo o ss xcty on th cossngs o lmnscts or in th cnt o loops Hr w cn s tht Littljohn's mo is not ony strct bt lso nctonl.

h rrngmnt of th mscls in mniscts fcl- itts  vry nrgycint xcton of smooth movmnts n ll pns t bcoms possb to con- vrt potnti nrgy nto kintc ngy Thrby, th ct of  spirl or spring s obtn (s th git sty in Chpt 3, p 39 An tionl vntg is th fct tht prss on th vssls, thorx, n b- omn is c

oTh grtr th o tht w mst tnsport, th gt or msclr xrtion bcoms bcs w cn no longr tiiz th momntm o th mov- mnt. At th sm tim this incrss th strin on th joints rspirtion n circlton Mscl contrc tions n oint blockgs hv th sm fct

Fi 81 Moto un ts

systm, nmy th git, rpocs th bhvor of th spin colmn n th plvs s scrib by Sthrln, Zink, n Littljohn in thi mos

or s, it s obvos tht it is th mscls tht orm ths pttrns Ths s by no mns in contrction to Sthrn's crnioscl thoy. No mtt whthr  pttn is trigg by th skll, th tnk, or th xtrmits, th rst of th boy opts th sm pttrn or conomcl sons to voi br- ning th brin. Ths is importnt om  cno- scrl prspctv bcs it llows th pmry r- spirtoy mchnism (PM) to fncton r of stss.

Thi o explin why the egmen or the kll i  e n he leon pttern rng tretmen with he Stherln echnie Thi low for  flexon n exenon of the PM th i  free  pole.

The mcle chn moel ht we propoe ifer from the oher moe n wo eenti repec 1. We re convince th fexion n extenion lter

nte in he pinl colmn n pper exremiy  they o n he lower exremiy The enton of fexion  the ringing together of oth en of n rch; extenon i he incng o the en of n rch. The pn colmn coni of three rche, of which two re orlly concve, n one  ven trly concve Accoringy flexon of the cervcl pnl colmn (CSC) i  poeror flexion, h of the thorcic pinl colmn (TSC)  n nerior flex ion n h of he mr pnl comn LSC  gin  poterior fexon

Th perpectve on exion n exenion of the pnl colmn  intereng in ht  ccor wth Sthern moel. Crnl flexon correpon to n exenion o he pnl comn, ht i, n exen on o the three rche Crnl extenon  the op- poie.

On he pper exremty, we lo fin n lerntion etween lexon n extenon pper rm in ex enion elow flexe f extene, n finger flexe ee he poion of the rm ring wrting) We eieve th  gh exon in the eow n  meim poton eween pro n pnton con tite the netrl poion of the lower rm  n or opnion, here re only wo mcle chin in

ech hlf o the oy

 lexion chin; n  n extenon chin

A ecrie y Stherln, externl rotton n  ction re octe wih flexion, n inern rot tion n ction wih exenon (ee Figs.Figs.

8282

n 8.)

8.) Thi relt in he folowng comnon 

 lexonctonextern roon 

Extenionctionnternl roton

Note: We on o n h cn exon cor eon o exenon n h re pne

he rnee o ce n he hpe o e

nce er  conn o oc chn eween nv n con een n here cee connecon eween h n e. e e  re o he exree.

Muscle Chains 79

Fi 82 Bhvor of ndvdul moto uns n  s of dom nn o  flxon ttrn

(b b)(b b)

or xnso pt trn

k k b) b) 

The inhion of the ngont n the croe tretch reflex re the nerophyoogcl fonion for the formton of oron pttern

efore ecriing the mcle chn, we r wnt to ecre the fncton moor ni o he eleton

80

80 8 Myos Cs- Mo8 Myos Cs- Mo

ranium ranium 

 Shenoid wih fcl nd front bones 

 Occu wth temorl bones rietl bones nd

mndible Spinal olumn Spinal olumn   Atlsxis   _C3T4   T12  12L  Scrm

Fi 8.3 xon h n

k b)k b)

nd xtnson h

b b)

b b)

elic Girdle and Loer Limb elic Girdle and Loer Limb

  Ilim   hgh   Lower leg 

 Uer nke joint



 Lower nke join nd foot

Shoulde Girdle and pper Limb Shoulde Girdle and pper Limb

  Shouder blde   Uer rm   ower rm   Wrs joint   Finger

he ndivid nits fnction together lke cogwheels Before we olte the muscle chins wih mscles (seeFigs. 8.4Figs. 8.4 nd 8.5)8.5) we need to sress once more tht the brin does not recognize indivd muscles bu only fnctions These movements re exected by msce grous (gonists nd synergiss)

In movements th nvove more thn one lne he invoved mscles cn chnge. I s lso ossible th only  rt of  musce s nvoved his is mde ossi be by the oysegmenl nnervtion of msces. n he extremies, nd rclry n he dstl res of he rm nd leg t becomes dcut o ssign ndivi dul muscles secficlly. If theriss cnnot obtin  cler icture by visul nsection they sometimes hve o e the individul comrmens nd comre

In the clnicl section of his book we will see ht we cn find he dominnt musce chn by mens of simle tests



x Cx C

A domnnce of the fexion chn coincides with  cr nil mechnism n extension (inernl rottion). ranium

ranium 

Occiu osteror 

 Shenobsr synchondrosis (SBS) ow



 Shenoid: body low



 Greter wngs oserior nd medi



 Perherl bones n inernl roon

Spinal olumn Spinal olumn 

 OccipitoatlntOccipitoatlntoxial oxial OOocci in flexion tls nterior in retion

Resonsble mscles: rectus cis nterior/ongus citis.

e he entrl tendon s lso ble to ull the SBS into extension t is not  msle, but the weight of the ogns n exert  ll dly This s the se in ths tten beuse the thorx is in exh- ton ositon nd therefore nnot ssst n lfting the orgns



T4 n extension, the lodoss is inresed gob- ly

Resonsible musles: low rvertebl musltue between 3 nd 4, semisinls its longssimus itis, senius its, senius ervis



T4-T12 The thori vetebre e in flexon nd

the rbs n exhltory ostion

Resonsible msles: inteostl nd bdominl msles

e It my srise some eders tht we onside the bdominl musles s thori msles Emby- ologilly, they belong to the thoi segments fom whh they e lso innevted ( By their onnetion wth the lst seven ibs they ul the thorx into flexion



TL5TL5 he lumbr snl olumn s extended

Resonsibe msles: lumb vertebrl muses, qdts lumborum

e The ontinity of the hin is reserved by the qdts lmbom msle, whih is onneted to the 2th rib nd wth the bdomin si 

SacrumSacrum The sm mkes  nttion he bss moves forwrd nd downwrd nd the oyx moves bkwd nd downwd

Resonsble musles: mutifidi musles in the m- bosr re

e he thorolumbr si is lso involved in ths roess ts lower le serves s the bse for the multifidi msles nd the qdrtus lumbom

elic Girdle and Lower Limb elic Girdle and Lower Limb



 umumThe ium mkes  dors rotton unde the simultneos ul of the bdomnl nd gutel mus- es

Resonsible muses: bdomnl mses, glutel muses, F



 Hp:Hp:The hi s extended

Resonsible msles: gtel muses

e We hve  ontnuos hin between the b domn nd glute msles v the ili rest on the one hnd nd the qudrts lmborum nd gl- tel msles vi the thorombr fsi on the othe For the gltel musles to trn the im dor- sly, they must be imy suorted t the femur

Mscle Chains 81

hs is rovded by two mehnisms:

 he gluteus mximus s onneted to the tenso sie lte (TFL vi the iliotbil trt he TFL revents n externl rottion of t he hi whih l ows the guteus mxims to exet  ul on the m he lower yer o the gteus mxms s onneted to the vsts extenus, whih s ti vted by the sme motion tten A l of the vstus exten s in ddition stbilies the gtes mxims

A rottion o the im bkwrd rses the mus of the bis he ddutors re hereby strethed They wi elim the lost length on the othe end, nmey the femu n  bkwrd otton of the ilm the ddtors ll the leg into ddton nd internl rottion This esults n two ostions for the ower extremity:extensionextension+_{adductionadduction}+

internal rotation internal rotation



 JneeJnee The knee s strethed

Resonsibe muses qudries



 pper ankle jointpper ankle jointhe er nkle ont s n n

tr lexion, the tls s ressed orwrd between the motise nd lnes

Resonsibe muses: tes sre nd  lexors



 Lower ankle ont and footLower ankle ont and foot Dominne o the flex-

ion hn esuts in eveson of the oot wth  dro in the rh The ts lys the min roe heein Free of msle tthments, t is essed owrd medlly by essue from the mortse his shifts the weight to the inner edge of the foot he ubod bone mkes n extern rottion nd the nviul bone n internl otti on

Resonsible musles: extensor digitorum ongs, t- biis nterio, extensor hlls longus  extensor di gitoum longus

Shoulder Girdle and pper Limb Shoulder Girdle and pper Limb



 Shoulder bladeShoulder blade he shoulder bde stnds n bd-

tion; the glenoid vity is oriented orwd nd out wrd his resents s olledn sholders (Jnds er rossed syndrome

Resonsible musles: desendng rt of the te- ius, etorlis mnor

Deending on whh musle ll domntes, the shouder is deressed or rsed



 pper armpper arm The m is in ddutonintern ot-

ton nd extension The etolis mor is lled beuse the thorx is in exhltory oston It re- gins the lost length by moving the m into dd toninternl rottion he nteror sholder exets tension on the ltissimus dos, whh tres to egin its norml ength by extendng the sholder Resonsbe musles: etorlis mor, ltssimus dorsi, teres mor, subsrs

82

82 8 8 Myosil Myosil Cis- Cis- MoeMoe

Flexion chain

Flexion chain aa Rectus capis anterio, ous capits

Rectus obquus cats

 Ets iEts i

Rectus capits anerior onus cas Longus

paraverebrals _{coli araveebrals}

ercosta Is Thoracc Abdomnal muscles Qadratus lumborum lumbar aravereras Gluteas aave- tebras muscles Qadraus lumorum, lumbar aravee brals Gluteas Quadces Quadrceps crrals

Treps srae Peoeus srae

muscles

Toe flexors Tbas

poseror Toe fexors





Venal muscles





Dorsa msces Fi. g,4a b a Vnt vw:  xon hn: rht hlf of t h body  Extnso n n: lft h lf of th body 

 Lower rm:Lower rm: e elbow is flexed nd e ower rm n ponion

Responsible mscles biceps bcii, bcils, pro ntors



 Hn:Hn: e wrist is n exension Responsible msces nd extensors 

Fingers:Fingers: e fingers re fexed

Responsible mscles fnge fexos.

Dors vw:

 lxon n: rht  of th body

 Extnson hn lft l  of th bod y

Here we find e eversl of fexion nd extension s well s e dominnce of te extensionddctionn ern roon spect Conrry to te ower exe mty were we find  glob extension, oweve we see  fexion ere We explin tis s  remnnt of r cic efexes, s we know tem from spstic emiple gics

 n n n n Recus caps ateror ! Iaera ous capis Etnsn n Etnsn n Rects apts postero. bquus capts

Cer vical _Longus

paavetebas _col Abdoial uscles paaverte brals rceps srae Toe eesors Veral scles

J

J

orsal uscles Fi 8.Sa a Vntrl vw  lxon hn l ft  xtnson hn r ht cruras atero uscles feors b b Etnsn n Etnsn n Sudr gd nd Sudr gd nd upp mb upp mb eltod osal part Rhoods Lassmus ors Fer leors Vnt vw: Mse hains 83 n n n n Sud grd nd Sud grd nd upp mb upp mb escedi part eltod Neutal par Biceps rac Had eors sos  xtson h n of th shoud  rdl nd up pr lmb lft

 lxon hn of th shouldr rdl  nd uppr lmb rht

84

84 88

Myos Cns- MoelMyos Cns- Moel



Fin can Fin can ud id and ud id and upp m upp m Trapes escending part ectras majr& minr eltd Nera par ceps rachi Hand Vetra msces

D

D

sa msces Ensin Ensin caicainn udr rd and udr rd and uppr m uppr m hbs apezs rnta ad ascendin g_part

rceps brac ex carps raals 

Ex CEx C

We fnd n extension cin in combintion wit  cr nl exon ptten. anium anium   Occipu nteior  B ig   penod: body g 

 Grete wings: ntero nd lter

o

o eripel skull bones in exernl oton

Spinal lumn Spinal lumn

o

o OAA:OAA:Occpu n extension ts relvely poseo esponsible muscles mjor nd minor rectus cpiis posteio superor nd inerior obliquus cptis senocedomstoideus (CM

oTe descending pt of e trpeus is ble o move e occpu nto te extenson. Its min unc on ocuses oweve on te soulder.

o

o T4Te cevicl spnl column is sgtened

esponsble muscle: longus coli o

o T4-T2 Te occ spinl coumn s sigened.

esponsbe musces torcc pveeb mus- cles supero nd ineior serrtus posteror nd occ fsc.

e rgtening te tocic spinl column bings e orx ino inltory posion. Tis is mde possble by te recpoc inbion o te b- domnl musces. e dprgm s eeby brougt up iger wic moves  ino  beter woking po- siion.

o

o _{T2-L5e lordosis of te umbr spinl column is} removed.

esponsible musces iliopsos (see p. 9)

o

o Sacrum:Sacrum: Te scrum mkes  contrnuton. Te

bse moves bckwd nd te coccyx orwd. esponsible musces pelvic loo musces

o Te pelvic floo is ied nd terefoe more opeve.

Fi 8c Dors  vw: _{PeliPelic Girle an Lwer Lc Girle an Lwer L imbimb}  Extso h o th shoul dr dl d uppr lm rht

lxo h  o th shouldr  rd d upp r lm lt  iumium e I] mkes n nerior roton o e

ilum.

esponsibe muscles: iliopsos sorius recus fe- mors dducors.



 HipHipe p s bent.

esponsible muscles rectus emos storius d- ducos (besdes dducor mgnus ilopsos. oe forwrd otion o e lium nd lexion of te ip cuse e gueus mxmus o sretc. It com penstes by incresed bduction nd exernl ot- tion. Te pormis sssts te scum in e dorsl

Summary and Conusions of he Flexion and Exension Chains

8585

urn bu a e sae ie raes e g uwad

Ts resus n a exin wi exernal rain and abducn in e eg wic s e cania exin del as descied by Suerland.



 Knee:Knee:e nee s en

Resnsibe usces asrings

e aneri ran  e iliu ss e ubers y  e scu dsally as a esu  wic e

ischocrurl musculuis ensed. Tis can be e- duced by exin  e nee.

on sance e nee lexn is en incnsicu- us; e nee is even reuenly in recuvau s s e resu  a eave release  ensn in e sa- cuberal ligaens due  e se ran  e iliu and sacru. Cnseuenly e enie e vis as a endency  anevesn Te bdy aances s by sing e ucs bacward Suc aiens resen wi a "ase yerldsis Te wer lu- ar sinal cun is in lexin and e wer racc sinal clun censaes r is w a lrdss ycal exales ae regnan wen and bel- led en



 pper nke jint:pper nke jint: Te  is in drsa exensn

e alus s essed acward eween e rise and cacaneus.

Resnsble usces: bas aner drsal exen- ss  e es



 Lwer nleLwer nlejin n ft:jin n ft:e  aes an n-

versn e uscles  e sle  e  ncease e arc  e  Te es are en Deending n wic lexs dinae e esu is aer 

claw es

Resnsble uscles lexs erneus usces - bialis serir.

Shuler Girle n pper Limb Shuler Girle n pper Limb 

 Shuer be:Shuer be: e sulder lade is n adducn

and lies n   e s. e sulder is ued ac and e glenid caviy is iened aerally Resnsible usces aeus rd usces seraus anerir

o e nalary siin  e ces and sraigened acc sina clun cnriue  s esenain



 pper rm:pper rm:e ar s n lexin r ae less in

exensin an in e exn aen.

Resnsible usces clavcuar ar  e ecra- lis ajr delid cracbacialis

oWen e sulde s sailied acward y e sulder lade ixas e ecras inr and ajr uscles assis e ribs in er uwad ull e assius drsi beces relavey reaxed due  e serriain  e sulde as a e sul  wic e ecralis ajr is able  ul e ar ward gee wi e anerr asec  e delid and cracbracals e aeral rien- ain  e glend cavy brngs e ar n an exernal rain Wen e ded adds se a ducn is causes e llwng sn fexfex

inbucnexternl rtin inbucnexternl rtin



 Lwer rm:Lwer rm: Te elw s sreced and e lwer

ar suinaed

Resnsile uscles ices rac sunar ra- ciradalis



 Hn:Hn:e wis s en (r raer less seced.

Resnsible uscles and and nger lexrs 

Fingers:Fingers:Te nges are sreced Resnsile uscles inger exensrs.

8.2

8.2 Summary and Conclusions of the Flexion and ExtensionSummary and Conclusions of the Flexion and Extension

In document I C C E Ingeniería Civil Con Excelencia S.A de C.V. (página 90-147)