Capacidades institucionales y mapeo de actores clave

■ Did you make assumptions you would want to clarify, explain, or change?

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■ Do your claims really hold up to your experience and evidence or do you need to change your ideas to better match the evidence?

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■ What alternate claims could someone make and do you want to respond to those alternatives or incorporate them into your essay?

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■ Do your ideas fit together logically or do you need to rethink your ideas?

4.3

Think critically about your draft.

Cell Phone Use

Rough Draft Marked Up

Students check their cell phones almost before they are out of the room. It confuses professors and parents. My parents complain that young people are so wrapped up in their cell conversations that they completely miss the world around them. Why students such non-stop cell phone users? It looks ridiculous when large numbers of college students wander around talking into their phones, ignoring the people around them. In the end this cell phone mania is a necessary part of college life.

CAse HIsToRY

At the end of their class,

Some are greatly confused by this practice and

Most wonder are compulsive.

The ing

may seem ridiculous to outsiders. However,

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^

There are many reasons students wander around campus talking into the air. They use cell phones to coordinate the day’s activities, to get some business done, to share life’s events, and to keep in touch.

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It is hard to imagine how people managed their lives without cell phones since there seems to be so much to get done. Weren’t friends going to meet after class for a study session? Where is everybody? Life in college can be crazy. We juggle complex schedules, work, meals. A quick phone call can organize it all. We arrange study sessions, confirm a lunch date, get a ride, coordinate a team project for class, and maybe even make time for a date.

Students, like everyone else, need to call about possible jobs, resolve disputes over bills, arrange to have theirs car fixed, find out the results of medical tests, and even, in some cases, find babysitters. Sometimes walking back to the dorm from a night class, students are on the phone simply to feel safer so that if anything happens they can let someone else know and perhaps get help. Cell phones let them get all this done.

Cell phones let us be together at the same time, even if we are in different places. Part of the reason for such widespread cell phone use is that instead of having to wait. A quick phone call has one person getting out of bed while another is getting out of class. Two friends seated at different ends of a stadium can enjoy the blow by blow of the action at the same time.

Everyone likes to share. Cell phones let people share. Many phones even let you take a picture and send it by e-mail to a friend. It is because of this practice that cell phones are banned in some locker rooms and why it is dangerous to be caught in an embarrassing situation at a party. You never know what can be e-mailed to your friends or even posted to the internet.

At concerts some in the audience call up friends and then hold up the phone so that they can hear part of a concert. When something really funny is hpening, anyone can with a quick call share it with someone else who would ap-preciate the moment. L.O.L. Cell phones allow an instant connection, a voice instant messenger.

Add A hectic. Students of classes and a social life

Add B

s

There is often a lot to get done that has to be squeezed into a busy day.

in the time between classes or even while walking back to their dorm, leaving them with more time for other things like studying or going out with friends.

we can be part of the immediate now.

Anyone can know what almost anyone else on their call list is doing at any moment.

share moments of delight, success, and even failures with others who care.

When a baby is expected, the soon to be grandparents can’t wait for the call.

to let people experience what you are experiencing, whether it is excitement over a success, an idea, the finals of a sporting event, or a newscast.

65 Thinking Critically about Your Draft

Cell phone calls let people reach out and touch each other. Most phone calls are very short. “Hey, what’s up?” “What are you doing?” “How are you?”

Little information is exchanged. “Nothing much,” in fact, is a common an-swer. What do such phone calls accomplish? They let people keep in touch with each other.

Text Messaging is really a very handy way to keep in touch. Even if you can’t reach the other person, you can leave a message to let you know that you are thinking about them. Other people keep in touch through MySpace or Face Book which lets friends know what is going on with each other’s lives, even long lost friends. Face Book can even be a great space for sharing since you can post pictures, blog your ideas, identify your favorite group or more. If anything, college students of today can be considered the in touch generation.

It must have been weird to wait an entire day before bragging to friends and family about getting the only A on a Chemistry test. It is almost impossible that students managed the complex schedule of their days be-fore cell phones. It should not be surprising that students talk on their cell phones over nothing.

A A quick cell phone call to a friend reveals that the study session was moved to the student center. Does everyone have his or her part ready for the presentation in Speech class at 3:00 p.m.? A flurry of cell phone calls makes certain everyone is ready. Will Collin be able to meet his girlfriend this afternoon? He needs to call to see if she is still free. Where is Jennifer since she said she was picking me up in front of the Science Building?

B Sometimes cell phone calls get important business done. Heather needs to convince her parents that she really, really needs more money to cover the cost of books. Tim needs to contact his advisor so he can schedule for the next semester.

C If you got an A on a paper that you thought would get an F, you can quickly spread the celebration to anyone who would echo your joy while

incomprehensible

are

all day long. The surprise would be if they kept their cell phones in their pockets and waited.

Add C

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Add E

the feeling was still hot. Sometimes a cell phone call can make the sharing very concrete, getting someone to go outside to look at a spectacular meteor shower, getting a friend to change channels so they can see an interview with a favorite rock star, or letting family know about a terrible earthquake in China.

D Contact is what helps keep people close. Parents like their children to visit. Couples need to make time for each other. When people keep in touch, it lets them know that others care, lets them keep each other as im-portant parts of their lives. Some students call their parents every day keep-ing the family ties tight, gettkeep-ing the emotional reassurance of those lovkeep-ing connections. Sometimes it seems like couples seem to be holding electronic hands as they walk across campus, with little room for some interloper to break up their relationships. Friends may not be able to see each other since they are going to different colleges, but a simple cell phone lets them each know the others are still friends.

E What did a student do if a ride didn’t show up? How did a couple share the excitement of a concert in the moment or a good joke if they had to wait days? Earlier generations who seem puzzled by the cell phone fever that has hit college campuses might wonder how they might have felt with-out a phone, having to wait for weeks for the mail or longer for a visit.

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Cell Phone Use