EL TEMPLO MASONICO
CONDICIONES PARA EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE UNA LOGIA
of SR Yugoslavia started to be fixed on the border to Republic of Macedonia.
President Gligorov asked help by the Secretary General of UN Kofi Annan to continue their mission in Macedonia. Gligorov in that direction asked help from the USA. The situation in Kosovo became more and more serious. Macedonia started to prepare acceptance of refugees from Kosovo.23
On 24 March 1999 NATO Alliance started with bombing on different strategic targets on the area of SR Yugoslavia.24
Due to the crisis situation in Kosovo a large number of refugees from Kosovo began to enter in Republic of Macedonia.According to the registration of the Red Cross on 2 March 1999 only in Tetovo 1547 people were registered who largely stayed in families of Macedonian Albanians.25
With the beginning of bombing of NATO on SRY ,number of refugees from Kosovo rapidly increased. So, on 26 March 1999 this number reached 13626 people and on 2 April 1999 according to the humanitarian assocition “El Hilal” number of refugees from Kosovo reached 50000 people, who stayed in
21 Ibid
22 Tatjana Stankovik,Sharp exchange of messages between the USA and SRY.Federal Parliament
in defense of Miloshevic,newspaper”Nova Makedonija “, 5. 12. 1998, LIV, number 18561, 6.
23 Ibid
24 D.R Detonations by airplanes of NATO shake Macedonia.Horrible explosions in many
cities,newspaper,”Nova Makedonija” 30. 4. 1999, . LV, number 18681, 5.
25V.Tasevska , Number of refugees in Macedonia alarming grew, newspaper “Nova Makedonija
“, 6. 5. 1999, год. LV, бр. 18684, 5.
MACEDONIAN PRESS FOR REFUGEE CRISIS IN KOSOVO AND THE CONSEQUENCES IN MACEDONIA
community on Kosovo will help to come closer to the decision of the issue on Kosovo“.16
Hill continued his shuttle diplomacy from Belgrade to Prishtina where he talked to Ibrahim Rugova and to other people participnats in the Albanian negotition team. Regarding the contacts with UCK Hill stated “Rugova is accepted as main negotiator of Kosovo Albanians but also” UCK was prepared to be included in the process of the political solution of the crisis”.17
Vice president of the Government of Serbia, Tomislav Nikolik promised to the citizens of Serbia that the Government will announce parallel the plan of Hill and Declaration for Independence of Kosovo where to the Albanians from Kosovo offered all rights and that will not allow widening of the rights of the Albanians on Kosovo from what was written in the Declaration. Government of Serbia considered that ”Plan of Hill is unacceptable, because indirectly offered to the Albanians an independence“. It was also confirmed by the mediator from Prishtina vice president of the Federal Government and senior official of SPS, Nikola Shainovik after his returning from Kosovo to Belgrade on 2 December 1998. He publicly criticized the plan of Christopher Hill confirming that what is “offered by the Americans is absolutely inacceptable for SRY and it is out of the frames for Agreement Milosevic-Holbrook”.18
European diplomatic sources confirmed that Serbian plan for Kosovo and Declaration do not open the way for a dialogue with Albanians from Kosovo. That represented strong signal for Washington that Belgrade will not accept the plan of Hill which from a draft into a draft more and more is distanced from what was agreed between Milosevic and Holbrook.19
From the article “Sharp exchange of messages between USA and SRY” the Federal Parliament in defense of Milosevic” published in the newspaper “Nova Makedonija” on 5 and 6 December 1998 it was found out that according to the evaluations of the official Belgrade ,the attitudes of the USA for support of Kosovo “are destructive and put in direct function for support and help of the separatism and terrorism and financing of the opponents of the independence stability and progress of SRY”.20 Authorities from Belgrade considered that it is
16 Ibid
17 Archive of Yugoslavia fund: 130, к.84, ај. 62. 18 Archive of Yugoslavia fund: 130, к.82, ај. 59. 19 Archive of Yugoslavia fund: 130, к.85, аj. 32. 20 Ibid
put into service of “those whose declared aim is redrawing of the international borders, creation of so called Great Albania on the account of the territories of the independent states from the region”.21 Parliament of SRY and Declaration for decision of the problem on Kosovo judges the contacts and coopertaion of the senior American representaives with the Albanian terorists on Kosovo.
Official Belgrade sent a message to the USA if they really wanted democratic Serbia and SRY then they could manage that by abolition of the economic sanctions and pressures to Serbia and SRY authorities in Belgrade considered that direct interference of the USA in the state order of SRY represented serious violation of the good customs in international relations and the international law.22
REFUGEE CRISIS AND THE CONSEQUENCES IN MACEDONIA
In December 1998 situation on Kosovo deteriorated more and more. Army of SR Yugoslavia started to be fixed on the border to Republic of Macedonia.President Gligorov asked help by the Secretary General of UN Kofi Annan to continue their mission in Macedonia. Gligorov in that direction asked help from the USA. The situation in Kosovo became more and more serious. Macedonia started to prepare acceptance of refugees from Kosovo.23
On 24 March 1999 NATO Alliance started with bombing on different strategic targets on the area of SR Yugoslavia.24
Due to the crisis situation in Kosovo a large number of refugees from Kosovo began to enter in Republic of Macedonia.According to the registration of the Red Cross on 2 March 1999 only in Tetovo 1547 people were registered who largely stayed in families of Macedonian Albanians.25
With the beginning of bombing of NATO on SRY ,number of refugees from Kosovo rapidly increased. So, on 26 March 1999 this number reached 13626 people and on 2 April 1999 according to the humanitarian assocition “El Hilal” number of refugees from Kosovo reached 50000 people, who stayed in
21 Ibid
22 Tatjana Stankovik,Sharp exchange of messages between the USA and SRY.Federal Parliament
in defense of Miloshevic,newspaper”Nova Makedonija “, 5. 12. 1998, LIV, number 18561, 6.
23 Ibid
24 D.R Detonations by airplanes of NATO shake Macedonia.Horrible explosions in many
cities,newspaper,”Nova Makedonija” 30. 4. 1999, . LV, number 18681, 5.
25V.Tasevska , Number of refugees in Macedonia alarming grew, newspaper “Nova Makedonija
“, 6. 5. 1999, год. LV, бр. 18684, 5.
120
Kumanovo, Skopje, Tetovo and Gostivar. According to the data of the Ministry of Internal affairs of Republic of Macedonia on 16 april the same year122895 refugees entered in Republic of Macedonia from Kosovo.
On 27 April 1999 number of refugees reached to 180000 people. Ministry of Internal Affairs informed that on 3 May 1999 221000 refugees were registered from Kosovo that is to say the total number of refugees reached 224357 people.
From the article “Camps will explode from refugees” published in the newspaper “Vesnik” from 7 May 1999, we found out that the refugees crisis from Kosovo had negative influence to the overall state in Macedonia in order to transform Macedonia into a zone of instability and by that to increase all potential dangers that can endanger each segment of Macedonian national interests.26
Macedonia was ready to accept about 20000 refugees. The number of refugees from Kosovo increased more and more and for a very short time the total number of refugees Albanians who entered in Macedonia from Kosovo in June 1999 reached 379523 people.
Since April 1999 Macedonia was in fornt of humanitarian catastrophy. The situation on its Northern neighbor deteriorated more and more. Macedonia was in dificult situation due to the announcment of humanitarian catastrophy from the enormous influx of refugees from Kosovo and that is why the president Gligovor in order to find an exit from the crisis of its country from 4 to 9 april 1999 had intensive telephone contacts with Bill Clinton, with Secretray General of NATO Javier Solana, with canceller Schroder and other.27
On 8 April 1999 Assembly of Republic of Macedonia discussed the safety state of the country Secretary General of NATO Javier Solana in Brussels on 9 April 1999 talked to the Ministries of Republic of Macedonia Dimitrov and Kljusev and stated that the safety of Republic of Macedonia is direct concern of NATO alliance. At the Summit of EU in Brussels (14-15 April 1999) dedicated to Refugees’ crisis, proposals were presented by the Secretary General of UN Kofi Annan. President Gligorov addressed in front of the members of the Summit in Brussels regarding the actual military political situation in Macedonia. He requested NATO alliance to guarantee the safety of Macedonia.28
In Kumanovo on 8 June 1999 negotiations started between NATO and SR Yugoslavia for signing peace treaty. On 9 June 1999 after the adoption of the
26 Camps will explode from refugees, newspaper “Vecer”, 7 May 1999, .XXXVII, number 11087, 5. 27 PhD Trajan Gocevski,Crisis in independent republic of Macedonia,Skopje, 2010, 208-209. 28 Ibid.
Resolution of UN for mediation of the international forces in Kosovo under command of NATO, Peace treaty was signed between general Jackson and generals of SRY. By signing of the contract in Kumanovo on 9 June 1999 an end of the war was put in SR Yugoslavia.29 NATO stopped the air attacks to SR Yugoslavia. President of SRY Slobodan Milosevik according to the Contract in Kumanovo gained certain guaranties for protection of the territorial integrity of SR Yugoslavia. According to this contract army and police of SRY started to retreat from Kosovo while the province Kosovo planned to be under protectorate of UN.30
On 26 June 1999 organized returning of the refugees from Macedonia to Kosovo started. Till 29 June 1999 same year more than 160.000 refugees left Macedonia. According to the disposable statistic data more than 55.000 Kosovo refugees remained to live in Macedonia. Refugee’s crisis from Kosovo and the war of NATO alliance to SRY surely had negative influence to all spheres of human living in Republic of Macedonia.
CONCLUSION
Undoubtedly, starting from the disintegration of Yugoslavia up till the beginning of the 1997, regarding the “Kosovo issue” there was a standstill among the political leaders. The president Slobodan Miloshevik thought that due to the Dayton Agreement the western countries wouldn’t be interested in the “Kosovo issue” and that he would take it under his control.
The authorities in Belgrade were convinced that this was a historic mission, one to save Serbia. According to Serbian authorities, the “Kosovo issue” did not exist. It was an artificial problem created by the Albanians living in Kosovo.
There were sightings of numerous Albanian armed formations operating in Kosovo.
The involvement of the international community in terms of solving the “Kosovo issue” decreased the power and the authority of president Miloshevik. European diplomatic sources claimed that the Serbian plan for Kosovo and the Declaration make no improvement in the dialogue with the Albanians living in Kosovo.
Official Belgrade sends a message to USA that if they are truly interested in democratic Serbia and SRY, then they can accomplish it by revoking economic
29 G.M The war ended,newpsper ”Vecer”, 11.6. 1999, XXXVII, Number 11117, 3. 30 Ahil Tuntev Republic of Macedonia,first decade (1990-1999), MI-AN, Skopje 2005, 59. MACEDONIAN PRESS FOR REFUGEE CRISIS IN KOSOVO AND THE CONSEQUENCES
Kumanovo, Skopje, Tetovo and Gostivar. According to the data of the Ministry of Internal affairs of Republic of Macedonia on 16 april the same year122895 refugees entered in Republic of Macedonia from Kosovo.
On 27 April 1999 number of refugees reached to 180000 people. Ministry of Internal Affairs informed that on 3 May 1999 221000 refugees were registered from Kosovo that is to say the total number of refugees reached 224357 people.
From the article “Camps will explode from refugees” published in the newspaper “Vesnik” from 7 May 1999, we found out that the refugees crisis from Kosovo had negative influence to the overall state in Macedonia in order to transform Macedonia into a zone of instability and by that to increase all potential dangers that can endanger each segment of Macedonian national interests.26
Macedonia was ready to accept about 20000 refugees. The number of refugees from Kosovo increased more and more and for a very short time the total number of refugees Albanians who entered in Macedonia from Kosovo in June 1999 reached 379523 people.
Since April 1999 Macedonia was in fornt of humanitarian catastrophy. The situation on its Northern neighbor deteriorated more and more. Macedonia was in dificult situation due to the announcment of humanitarian catastrophy from the enormous influx of refugees from Kosovo and that is why the president Gligovor in order to find an exit from the crisis of its country from 4 to 9 april 1999 had intensive telephone contacts with Bill Clinton, with Secretray General of NATO Javier Solana, with canceller Schroder and other.27
On 8 April 1999 Assembly of Republic of Macedonia discussed the safety state of the country Secretary General of NATO Javier Solana in Brussels on 9 April 1999 talked to the Ministries of Republic of Macedonia Dimitrov and Kljusev and stated that the safety of Republic of Macedonia is direct concern of NATO alliance. At the Summit of EU in Brussels (14-15 April 1999) dedicated to Refugees’ crisis, proposals were presented by the Secretary General of UN Kofi Annan. President Gligorov addressed in front of the members of the Summit in Brussels regarding the actual military political situation in Macedonia. He requested NATO alliance to guarantee the safety of Macedonia.28
In Kumanovo on 8 June 1999 negotiations started between NATO and SR Yugoslavia for signing peace treaty. On 9 June 1999 after the adoption of the
26 Camps will explode from refugees, newspaper “Vecer”, 7 May 1999, .XXXVII, number 11087, 5. 27 PhD Trajan Gocevski,Crisis in independent republic of Macedonia,Skopje, 2010, 208-209. 28 Ibid.
Resolution of UN for mediation of the international forces in Kosovo under command of NATO, Peace treaty was signed between general Jackson and generals of SRY. By signing of the contract in Kumanovo on 9 June 1999 an end of the war was put in SR Yugoslavia.29 NATO stopped the air attacks to SR Yugoslavia. President of SRY Slobodan Milosevik according to the Contract in Kumanovo gained certain guaranties for protection of the territorial integrity of SR Yugoslavia. According to this contract army and police of SRY started to retreat from Kosovo while the province Kosovo planned to be under protectorate of UN.30
On 26 June 1999 organized returning of the refugees from Macedonia to Kosovo started. Till 29 June 1999 same year more than 160.000 refugees left Macedonia. According to the disposable statistic data more than 55.000 Kosovo refugees remained to live in Macedonia. Refugee’s crisis from Kosovo and the war of NATO alliance to SRY surely had negative influence to all spheres of human living in Republic of Macedonia.
CONCLUSION
Undoubtedly, starting from the disintegration of Yugoslavia up till the beginning of the 1997, regarding the “Kosovo issue” there was a standstill among the political leaders. The president Slobodan Miloshevik thought that due to the Dayton Agreement the western countries wouldn’t be interested in the “Kosovo issue” and that he would take it under his control.
The authorities in Belgrade were convinced that this was a historic mission, one to save Serbia. According to Serbian authorities, the “Kosovo issue” did not exist. It was an artificial problem created by the Albanians living in Kosovo.
There were sightings of numerous Albanian armed formations operating in Kosovo.
The involvement of the international community in terms of solving the “Kosovo issue” decreased the power and the authority of president Miloshevik. European diplomatic sources claimed that the Serbian plan for Kosovo and the Declaration make no improvement in the dialogue with the Albanians living in Kosovo.
Official Belgrade sends a message to USA that if they are truly interested in democratic Serbia and SRY, then they can accomplish it by revoking economic
29 G.M The war ended,newpsper ”Vecer”, 11.6. 1999, XXXVII, Number 11117, 3. 30 Ahil Tuntev Republic of Macedonia,first decade (1990-1999), MI-AN, Skopje 2005, 59.
122
sanctions and the pressure on Serbia and SRY. Belgrade authorities consider that direct interference of USA in the state constitution of SRY presents a severe violation of the welfare of the international relations and international law.
It was March 24th 1999, the day when NATO started the bombing of various strategic aims in SR Yugoslavia.
Due to the crisis in Kosovo, a large number of refugees started entering the Republic of Macedonia. The beginning of the bombing rapidly increased the number of refugees from Kosovo. In a short period of time, the total number of Albanian refugees that entered Macedonia reached 379523.
June 9th 1999, after the acceptance of the UN resolution for deployment of international military forces in Kosovo under the leadership of NATO, a peace treaty was signed between general Jackson and generals from SRY. Signing the treaty meant putting an end to the war in SR Yugoslavia. June 26th 1999 started the organized return of the refugees to Kosovo.
Unquestionably, the Kosovo refugee crisis and the war of NATO in SRY had harmful repercussions on every aspect of living in the Republic of Macedonia.
REFERENCES:
1. Archive of Yugoslavia, Belgrade, fund: Savezno izvrshno veche (130). 2. PhD Gocevski Trajan: Crisis in Independent Macedonia, Skopje, 2010. 3. D.R.: NATO Bombing Detonations Shook Macedonia. Frightful
Explosions in Many Cities, newspaper “Nova Makedonija”, 30.04.1999 LV, no. 18681,5.
4. Camps Will Collaps from Refugees, newspaper “Vecher”, 07.05. 1999, XXXVII, no. 11087, 5.
5. Lampe, R., Joha: Yugoslavija as history, Tvice There Was a Country, (New York: Cambridge Univerzity Press, 1996).
6. Milosavlevski, Slavko: Ambassador’s Notes, Ljuboten, Skopje, 2006 7. Nakarada, Radmila: Dismemberment of Yugoslavia Problems, Gazette. 8. Richard Holbrook Comes to Kosovo, newspaper “Nova Makedonija”, 15.
12. 1998, год. LIV, no. 18569, 6.
9. New Avalanches Coming from Kosovo, newspaper “Vecher”, 05.05.1999, XXXVII, no.11085, 5.
10. KLA Exists According to Ones, KLA Is Gone According to Others or KLA Is Hiding, newspaper “Vecher”, 30, 1, 2, 3. 5. 1999, XXXVII, no. 11083, 8.
11. Reservation Required from Both Parties, newspaper “Nova Makedonija”, 17. 12. 1998, LIV, no. 18571, 1, 5.
12. Stankovik Tatjana: Negotiations in Kosovo Reach Critical Point, newspaper “Nova Makedonija”, 2. 12. 1998, LIV, no. 18558, 8.
13. Stankovik Tatjana: Christopher Hill in Belgrade, Final Solution for Kosovo Is At The Corner, newspaper “Nova Makedonija”, 2. 12. 1998, LIV, no. 18560, 1, 6.
14. Stankovik Tatjana: Fiery Messages Between USA and SRY. The Confederate Parliament Defends Miloshevik, newspaper “Nova Makedonija” “, 5. 12. 1998, LIV, no. 18561, 6.
15. Tasevska V.: Alarming Increase Of The Refugee Number In Macedonia, newspaper “Nova Makedonija”, 6. 5. 1999, LV, no. 18684, 5.
16. Tasevska V.: 50000 Refugees In Chegrane, newspaper “Nova Makedonija”, 6. 5. 1999, LV, no. 18684, 4.
17. Tuntev Ahil: Republic of Macedonia: First Decade: 1990-1999), Mi-An, Skopje, 2005.
MACEDONIAN PRESS FOR REFUGEE CRISIS IN KOSOVO AND THE CONSEQUENCES IN MACEDONIA
sanctions and the pressure on Serbia and SRY. Belgrade authorities consider that direct interference of USA in the state constitution of SRY presents a severe violation of the welfare of the international relations and international law.
It was March 24th 1999, the day when NATO started the bombing of various strategic aims in SR Yugoslavia.
Due to the crisis in Kosovo, a large number of refugees started entering the Republic of Macedonia. The beginning of the bombing rapidly increased the number of refugees from Kosovo. In a short period of time, the total number of Albanian refugees that entered Macedonia reached 379523.
June 9th 1999, after the acceptance of the UN resolution for deployment of international military forces in Kosovo under the leadership of NATO, a peace treaty was signed between general Jackson and generals from SRY. Signing the treaty meant putting an end to the war in SR Yugoslavia. June 26th 1999 started the organized return of the refugees to Kosovo.
Unquestionably, the Kosovo refugee crisis and the war of NATO in SRY