EL TEMPLO MASONICO
LOS OFICIALES PRINCIPALES
Experts dealing with the issue of emergence and handling modern crisis, as well as official institutions in various countries, provide different definitions of the concept of crisis, such as the following: A crisis is an incident or a situation, which escalates quickly and creates conditions of diplomatic, economic or military significance, for the resolving of which the President or the Secretary of State of USA deems necessary to contribute by the American armed forces, and resources to achieve national objectives.18 Crisis is an unstable, or an extremely problematic or dangerous period19. Crisis, regardless of whether it has been previously identified or upon its emergence, usually indicates the point from which events become worse.20 Crisis is the state which threatens basic values, permanent, and vital interests of the country, i.e., the constitutional order and security of the Republic are in danger.21 The concept of crisis can also be used to indicate a period of extreme instability; and the crises management (taking the necessary steps to overcome the crisis) to prevent its escalation into a conflict, to end hostility, and up to the point its causes are resolved.
Based on the aforementioned definitions of crises, we can conclude that crises have life characters and their own intensity, and there might be no need for their management or adopting resolutions, whereas the key political priority is to prevent a conflict or any other form of crises that might arise. Crisis management relies on the process of prevention, which refers to resolving crises before they evolve into conflicts, while planning the response to a possible escalation22. Crises in their nature are autonomous regarding their development and probability to mutate, which means their resolving by using any kind of military or
18 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2010). Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, Publishing Directorate, Washington, DC,
19 The Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre.(2008). Joint Doctrine Publication 0-01 (JDP 0-
01) (3rd Edition), Shrivenham, UK, p.1-10 available at www.dcdc.dii.r.mil.uk accessed on 20.01.2013
20 Trajan G., Marina M., (2001). Crisis Management, Makedonska Riznica, Kumanovo,
21 Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia. (2005). Law on Crises Management, Official Gazette of
RM №.29/05 /2005
22 The Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre.(2008). Joint Doctrine Publication 0-01 (JDP 0-
01) (3rd Edition), Shrivenham, UK, p.1-10 available at www.dcdc.dii.r.mil.uk accessed on 20.01.2013
ROLE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA (ARM) IN THE CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
3) Supporting police and other public institutions in the process of protection of critical national infrastructure, and supporting in coping with consequences in case of terrorist attacks;
4) Supporting public institutions in case of natural disasters and epidemics, technological and other crises;
5) Rapid deployment of credible forces in multinational joint operations led by NATO, away from national territory, and in NATO collective defence operations; 6) Effective command and control in accordance with the requirements of the NATO concept on networking and protected communication and information capabilities;
7) Effective military intelligence and reconnaissance in support of ARM expeditionary operations;
8) Logistics sustainability of deployed national contingents, including capabilities for joining multinational logistics;
9) Role 2 Medical support of deployed contingents;
10) Survival and protection of forces in close combat and CBRN threats; 11) Defence of forces from improvised explosive devices (IEDs);
12) Conducting operations in complex geographical and climate conditions, including extreme hot and dry conditions;
13) Operations in an urban environment;
14) Training of all units, particularly deployable capabilities in accordance with the NATO doctrine and procedures pertaining to command and control, and joint and combined land operations;
15) Developing the capabilities of civil-military cooperation;
16) Contributing to the broad spectrum of peace-support operations led by UN, NATO, EU, and coalitions;
17) Contributing to the NATO military structures; 18) Multilateral and bilateral defence cooperation.17
17 Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Macedonia. (2012). White paper of Defence, Ministry of
Defence, Skopje
3. ARM’s Interoperability with National Entities in Crises
Response
3.1 Definition of crises
Experts dealing with the issue of emergence and handling modern crisis, as well as official institutions in various countries, provide different definitions of the concept of crisis, such as the following: A crisis is an incident or a situation, which escalates quickly and creates conditions of diplomatic, economic or military significance, for the resolving of which the President or the Secretary of State of USA deems necessary to contribute by the American armed forces, and resources to achieve national objectives.18 Crisis is an unstable, or an extremely problematic or dangerous period19. Crisis, regardless of whether it has been previously identified or upon its emergence, usually indicates the point from which events become worse.20 Crisis is the state which threatens basic values, permanent, and vital interests of the country, i.e., the constitutional order and security of the Republic are in danger.21 The concept of crisis can also be used to indicate a period of extreme instability; and the crises management (taking the necessary steps to overcome the crisis) to prevent its escalation into a conflict, to end hostility, and up to the point its causes are resolved.
Based on the aforementioned definitions of crises, we can conclude that crises have life characters and their own intensity, and there might be no need for their management or adopting resolutions, whereas the key political priority is to prevent a conflict or any other form of crises that might arise. Crisis management relies on the process of prevention, which refers to resolving crises before they evolve into conflicts, while planning the response to a possible escalation22. Crises in their nature are autonomous regarding their development and probability to mutate, which means their resolving by using any kind of military or
18 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2010). Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, Publishing Directorate, Washington, DC,
19 The Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre.(2008). Joint Doctrine Publication 0-01 (JDP 0-
01) (3rd Edition), Shrivenham, UK, p.1-10 available at www.dcdc.dii.r.mil.uk accessed on 20.01.2013
20 Trajan G., Marina M., (2001). Crisis Management, Makedonska Riznica, Kumanovo,
21 Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia. (2005). Law on Crises Management, Official Gazette of
RM №.29/05 /2005
22 The Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre.(2008). Joint Doctrine Publication 0-01 (JDP 0-
01) (3rd Edition), Shrivenham, UK, p.1-10 available at www.dcdc.dii.r.mil.uk accessed on 20.01.2013
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other intervention cannot be fully equated with resolving of any other previous similar crisis.23
Having regard to the contemporary concept of crises, we can conclude that successful handling of crises requires well developed crisis management. Crisis management is a process of attempts to resolve crises, before they become armed conflicts. This process may use the plans developed during peacetime planning or may have to commence from the mere beginning. Therefore, crisis management has become very important, and persons dealing with crisis management ought to be good leaders and have good control over the crisis. Moreover, crisis management should also involve experienced people, who along with the scientific findings will create clear instructions and procedures on crises response when they emerge.