Desarrollo de competencias en dirección de proyectos

In the following, the initial impacts of the initiatives undertaken by the "Asso- ciation for the development of the city and the commune of Dębrzno" and the "Partnership of the Northern Necklace"on local social and economic development will be discussed. In Section 4.3, the low level of human capital and unfavorable local business conditions in terms of lacking access to capital and markets were identified as development constraints for the Dębrzno commune. Although the impacts of the initiatives starting from the association and the partnership on the local labor market and the business environment are hard to quantify so shortly after the initiatives began, initial results and in particular qualitative assessments of local inhabitants will be presented.

With respect to the development of local human capital, interview respondents emphasized two different changes that had occurred on the local labor market over the previous five years: 1) local inhabitants’ skills and motivation increased; and 2) the cooperation between local inhabitants increased, which led to further initia- tives aiming to improve local economic development.

Ad 1) A member of the "Association for the development of the city and the com- mune of Dębrzno" assessed: "The first visible change is that the awareness of people has changed. People became more active and also the local authorities have changed. They are more open now," (D-02). But it is not only the members of the associa-

tion that share this opinion. A representative of the local cooperative bank also held the belief that: "The trainings and courses they [the association] organized, made people who attended these courses more open-minded and improved their skills. They provided them with the chance to find a position for themselves,"

(D-28). Local inhabitants often regarded the improvement of people’s professional

skills as an important result of the association’s activities. Another interviewee emphasized the impact of the workshops on unemployed older women from the commune: "They [the association] provided training for these women. During this training they learned to improve their craftwork skills. And quite a lot of these people succeeded in this work, and now, they sell their products under the local brand. […] They also prepared women for working in flower shops. Women from Dębrzno were provided with those skills and these women received a certificate afterwards. By means of the certificate, these women found a job in the closer region," (D-03).

association organizes different courses and trainings. Hence, people can change their profession and improve their skills. At the beginning, inhabitants did not know that such an association exists here. But now they know the association and they convince each other to attend the workshops. They say: ‘The workshops they pro- vide are very good and helpful’. They accept the association and they are willing to come and attend the workshops," (D-05). Furthermore, the association also organizes

learning workshops and seminars for members of the local government and for local NGOs. During these workshops, the people gain insight into the application process for national and European programs and funds.

Moreover, the local association also provides local entrepreneurs with seminars to improve their skills and give young inhabitants the opportunity to conduct an internship in the association. A local entrepreneur whose daughter worked as a volunteer in the association commented on the association’s influence on young people: "What they do is really good. Because this is the way for young people to find a reason to stay in Dębrzno. They can learn something in the association. Basically, the association supports them during their first steps," (D-33). How-

ever, many local respondents also emphasized the new perspectives and opportuni- ties for inhabitants which were provided by the association. An interviewee stated: "After the old system with the state-owned farms collapsed, people were used to receiving money. And later on, people had to adjust to the situation where every- body is responsible for himself, and that what you achieve is related to the efforts you put into doing your work. So there were lots of people in the region who were willing to do something, and these are really good people. So the association gave them the opportunity to become active and to do something. So supporting these people reduced a little bit the problems in this region," (D-01).

Ad 2) Due to the association’s and the partnership’s successfully conducted initia- tives, local inhabitants were encouraged to undertake actions to improve their personal situation by means of cooperation with other local inhabitants. Pertaining to this, a local teacher offers the following assessment: "Generally, the association had a big impact. They assisted inhabitants in writing project proposals, and finally, after the application was successful, they came again and started a new initiative. The association has a positive impact, although not all people could profit from it, yet," (D-05). According to association and partnership members, the success of

different initiatives also encouraged the former to develop new projects and to apply for larger funds. A member of the association said: "For sure, the biggest success the association has made are the experiences we gained and the assets we could acquire. That is, people are capable of doing projects and I believe at the moment there is no project we are not able to manage. We can write proposals and coordi- nate projects," (D-09). A similar assessment was given by another member who

emphasized the increasing cooperation between members: "[…] the second most important result is the cooperation between partners. We applied for different projects and in these projects different partners were always working together.

[…] So, within this process we learned how all these partners are working and what kind of projects we are able to do," (D-02).

In addition to the association’s and the partnership’s investments in local human capital, the latter organizations also contributed to improvements in the conditions for local businesses. Those improvements are subdivided into three different as- pects: 1) improvement of access to capital; 2) creation of new sources of income for local businesses; and 3) improvement of public investments in the local infra- structure.

Ad 1) Access to seed capital and funds in general has been facilitated by means of the business incubator and the opportunity for local businesses to apply, together with the association, for various national and international funds and programs. With the help of the business incubator and the Canadian loan program, local businesses were able to gain additional funds for investments but, as entrepreneurs assessed, they also received very important assistance in overcoming bureaucratic barriers and were provided with workshops and seminars to improve their entre- preneurial skills. A few local businesses were also able to finance their first steps based on funds they gained from EU programs. However, most of these entrepre- neurs, due to their lack of knowledge about international funds, would not have been able to apply for those funds without the assistance they received from the associa- tion. The positive impact of the local association on local business development can also be displayed in the following two quotes: "Thanks to the association, a few enterprises have started. And they [the new enterprises] have already become inde- pendent and do not need any support from other sources," (D-12). "Definitely, there

are lots of changes that took place in the last few years. The incubator here in the association is one of the most important changes. This is because it is actually really hard for small businesses to get any financial sources, but the incubator already provided funds to many different enterprises," (D-05). However, since the activities

had not lasted longer than a few years when the case studies were conducted, it is hard to quantify the impact of the association’s and the partnership’s initiatives on local business development. And since the Canadian loan program is only accessible for enterprises that have existed for more than three months, it is also not clear whether new businesses only started to make use of the new possibilities provided by the loan program.

Ad 2) In addition to access to funds, activities of the association and the partnership also provided local businesses with new sources of income as a result of tourism projects related to the "Green Way". In 2005, the first year of the bike trail’s exis- tence, it attracted almost 35,000 tourists and already in this initial status, first impacts on the regional economy were visible. Hotels and agro-tourism farms emerged that created an additional source of income for the local population. About 70 new tourist accommodations and small businesses producing regional handicraft products were founded next to the bike trail. For the next years, the partnership members expect about 300 new entities to be founded. These new businesses will provide

tourists with accommodations, gastronomy, handicraft products, sport equip- ment, and tourist information. One member of the partnership reported: "People who are living next to the "Green Way" are changing their minds and attitude. They start to open small shops or provide accommodations for tourists," (D-12).

Furthermore, the new local brand provides local inhabitants with access to regional, national, and international markets. Also, local products which are not connected with tourism activities, like the local ecological mill or a confectionary were pro- moted in the region and entered new markets. The increasing popularity of the town and the commune Dębrzno was also recognized by local inhabitants. A respon- dent stated: "Thanks to the activities of the association, Dębrzno is known in the district, in the voivodship, in Poland, and even outside of Poland. Dębrzno is famous," (D-08). A local entrepreneur also observed an increasing number of tourists

in Dębrzno within the last few years. He explained this development as follows: "Definitely, this is thanks to the local authorities, who try to encourage people to create tourism facilities. But the greatest job was done by the association and by the incubator," (D-32). Hence, promotion activities also emerged as being very impor-

tant for the economic development of the region.

Finally, in Dębrzno, not least due to the impact of the local association and the "Partnership of the Northern Necklace", a slight increase in the number of businesses compared to other neighboring communes has become apparent; the number of businesses per 100 inhabitants increased in Dębrzno between 2002 and 2005 by 0.6 % (see Figure 4-8). In most of the neighboring communes like Koczała, Lipka, Zakrzewo, and Zlowtow, the number of businesses per 100 inhabitants even de- creased during the same period.

Figure 4-8: Change in number of enterprises per 1,000 inhabitants in

Dębrzno and neighboring communes between 2002 and 2005

(in %) 0.6 -4.7 -4.6 0.4 -5.1 -0.1 -6.0 -5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Deb rzn o Koc za ł a Lipka Ok on ek Za kr ze wo Z lot ow - w in %

Ad 3) A third outcome that influences local business development more indirectly than directly results from the infrastructural projects the local association had applied for on behalf of the local government. For instance, the association success- fully applied for different national and European programs which contributed noticeably to the commune’s budget. As a representative of the local government reported: "At the moment, the cooperation between the commune and the asso- ciation is very useful and fruitful for both sides. Lots of projects are carried out by the association on behalf of the local government and the commune supports the association with financial input. […] The outcomes of these projects are useful for the whole region. The application for these projects is the commune’s task, but we do not have that many employees nor enough time. So we are simply not in the position to complete these applications. The association assists us on how to develop the region and this is a good combination," (D-07). During the last six years the association successfully applied for programs amounting to 1 million PLN [249,066 €]. Of these funds, 80 % were used for infrastructural projects in the town and commune of Dębrzno. A noticeable amount of the funds acquired by the association were also used to create a business park close to Dębrzno. This business park is well-connected with access to energy, water and a local sewage plant and should attract larger companies.

4.3.7 Conclusions on the initiatives starting from the association in Dębrzno