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The Borssele NPP has a training department that is responsible for delivery of in-house developed training courses; for organizing training courses that are delivered by contractors; for maintaining competency management system and training records keeping. For conduct of the in-house developed training, subject matter experts are extensively used. Training responsibilities for conduct of practical (on-the-job) training are distributed among respective plant departments.

Training and personal development programmes are developed based on competency analysis and consequent training matrix for each job position. Nuclear safety, ALARA principles, industrial safety, operating experience (domestic and international) are included and re-enforced during general

employee training, during conduct of initial training programmes and during refresher courses. Training programmes are structured to cover required theoretical knowledge, practical training and on- the-job training. Training material for the basic course is under QA review scheme.

The contracted staff for the conduct of simulator training is of appropriate size and comparable to general industry practice. External organizations are extensively used for delivering training. For specialized training on specific equipment vendor facilities are used. For safety related subjects, equipment vendors or recognized institutions in the nuclear field are used, for example Westinghouse, Framatome, WANO, and NRG (Nuclear Research and consultancy Group, Petten).

Training on emergency preparedness is conducted regularly. Individuals having the position of Site Emergency Director attend position specific training and once per year a simulator retraining course together with one shift team. Large scale emergency exercises are supported also by training on the full scope simulator. Nine simulator scenarios have been prepared for this purpose.

Additionally, an average of 5 persons of EPZ is yearly involved in WANO, OSART, AMAT and other similar missions.

Observations regarding the number of staff employed after the recent reorganisation can be found in section 12.5.

Training facilities

A replica full scope simulator, located at the training centre KSG&GfS near Essen in Germany, is used for training of Borssele plant personnel. The training is given in Dutch. The annual retraining

programme for operations control room personnel is developed corresponding to a 5-year training plan. Learning objectives are developed based on competences and operational feedback

(communication skills). Additional topics are added based on operations management inputs and feedback from trainees. Operators attend two weeks of on-site training where one part is on plant modification (just before outage) and the second part is on applicable portions of the annual refresher course. Both the training programme and the simulator need to be approved by the regulatory body. For shift team evaluation the plant developed a method for continuous evaluation based on 20 elements that are documented in each scenario exercise guide; results are followed for recognition of weak areas in performance and used for future attention.

The electrical and instrumentation training facility includes fully equipped classroom and separate rooms for practical (on-the-job) training. A high number of comprehensive mock-ups is available and most of them were developed in-house. Many mock-ups have capability to introduce malfunctions and are excellent tools for training on troubleshooting techniques.

The mechanical maintenance training facility, intended for on-the-job training is located inside the radiologically controlled area. The inventory of mock-ups to train the most critical work sequences, especially from the ALARA standpoint, includes a steam generator bottom section, special valve types (disassembly/reassembly), part of reactor vessel and adjacent wall to train on replacement of rupture plate special seals.

Formal authorization before assigning certain persons

A formal authorization issued by the regulatory body or by another body delegated or authorized by the competent authority is required before certain persons are assigned to a designated safety related position. According to NVR 3.2.1, control room operating personnel need to be in possession of a special licence. This is issued once the candidate has completed a specified period of training and passed an examination which is supervised by the regulatory body. The licenses are signed by the plant manager and co-signed by the director of the KFD. All training, education, examinations and medical checks of licensed personnel are documented.

There are three levels of control room licences, that require renewal every two years: • reactor operator;

• senior reactor operator; • shift supervisor.

There is no difference between the qualifications required for operators working on the nuclear side and those working on the turbine side, as the policy is that operators should be fully interchangeable.

Legislative aspects

The Nuclear Energy Act stipulates that an application for a licence must contain an estimate of the total number of employees plus details of their tasks and responsibilities and, where applicable, their qualifications. This includes supervisory staff. The relevant regulations in this respect are NVR 2.2.1 and the specific Safety Guide NVR 3.2.1 for control room personnel.

The safety relevant part of the organisational structure of the plant is described in the Technical Specifications, with clear details of the responsibilities, authority interfaces and lines of

communication, requisite level of expertise, and the requirements for training and education. It is therefore part of the licence, and hence subject to inspection by the regulatory body. Another part of

the licence is that any planned organisational change with possible safety relevance, must on forehand be reported to the authorities.

Under N.V.R. 2.2.1 the responsibility for ensuring that individuals are appropriately qualified and remain so rests with the operating organisation. It is the responsibility of the plant manager, with reference to each position having importance to safety to ensure that:

• The appropriate qualification requirements are established;

• The training needs are analysed and an overall training programme is developed;

• The proficiency of the trainee at the various stages of the training is reviewed and verified; • The effectiveness of the training is reviewed and verified;

• The competence acquired is not lost after the final qualification;

• The competence of the persons occupying each position is periodically checked and continuing training is provided on a regular basis.

The licensee has to submit its education and training plan for its control room staff to the regulatory body for information and approval.

Instructions to plant staff on management of accidents beyond the design basis

For the management of accidents beyond the design basis an emergency plan is implemented and agreed with the authorities. Instructions from the emergency procedures are applied. From these are initiated for example the symptom bases procedures and the Severe Accident Management Guidelines (both originally from the Westinghouse Owner’s Group). In addition the emergency staff in case of an incident can use the software package WINREM which features a reliable model for the dispersion of radioactivity and the calculation of the potential consequences of accident releases.