DIFERENCIAS ENTRE EL PROCESO ORDINARIO Y EL PROCEDIMIENTO ABREVIADO

Determine the amount of open space required by local zoning requirements and multiply by 125% to determine the amount of open space necessary to meet the credit requirement.

casE 3

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

The building footprint and site boundary used for SS Credit 5.2 must be applied consistently across other credits.

7. Documentation Guidance

As a first step in preparing to complete the LEED-Online documentation requirements, work through the following measures. Refer to LEED-Online for the complete descriptions of all required documentation.

n Show that the qualifying open space meets or exceeds the amount required by the credit (see calculations).

n Prepare a site plan that highlights qualifying open space.

8. examples

casE 1. sites With Local Zoning open space Requirements Calculation for a high-rise commercial office building in an urban center

A 670,000-square-foot commercial office building has an overall site area of 116,700 square feet.

The zoning requirement calls for making a minimum of 20% of the net lot area (23,340 square feet) public open space. The project is in an urban center, complies with SS Credit 2, Development Density and Community Connectivity, and has provided the following open space:

Pedestrian-oriented hardscape 15,000 (sf) Vegetated open space on structure 17,500 (sf)

Vegetated open space on grade 500 (sf)

total open space 33,000 (sf)

Percentage greater than zoning requirement 41.3%

The percentage of vegetated open space as a portion of the total open space provided is 54.5%.

Because the project exceeds the zoning requirements by more than 25% and because more than 25%

of the open space is vegetated, the credit requirements are met.

9. exemplary performance

Projects may earn an Innovation in Design credit for exemplary performance by demonstrating that they have doubled the amount of open space required for credit achievement. All designated open space must be within the LEED project boundary. For example, projects subject to local zoning requirements must increase the amount of open space provided by 50% instead of by 25%; projects not subject to local zoning requirements must provide open space equal to twice the building footprint; and urban projects where zero open space is required must provide open space equal to 40% of the site area.

10. regional Variations

There are no regional variations associated with this credit.

11. operations and Maintenance Considerations

For open spaces with native and adapted vegetation, refer to SS Credit 5.1, Site Development—

Protect or Restore Habitat.

If open space consists of monoculture and/or nonnative plantings, optimize the landscape for sustainable operations by choosing species with relatively low water, fertilizer, and maintenance requirements.

Consider using plant species that will drop few leaves, petals, or berries, to minimize hardscape maintenance requirements. Be aware that certain types of vegetation produce allergens that will SS

nc credit 5.2

scHooLs credit 5.2

cs credit 5.2

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

affect building occupants. Avoid plantings that will harbor pest populations near the building shell.

Consider providing facilities within the landscape design for on-site composting of landscape waste.

Consider working with building operators and landscape maintenance contractors or groundskeepers to establish a sustainable landscape management plan. The plan should specify the following:

n Using organic fertilizers suited to installed species.

n Applying fertilizer only when nutrient deficiencies have been determined through soil testing, and selecting fertilizers based on the soil and plant characteristics.

n Using environmentally preferred maintenance equipment as defined in the LEED Reference Guide for Green Building Operations & Maintenance, SS Credit 2, Building Exterior and Hardscape Management Plan.

n Using integrated pest management techniques.

n Developing site maps that show boundaries around open space that should not be disturbed or developed during future projects.

12. resources

Please see USGBC’s LEED Registered Project Tools (http://www.usgbc.org/projecttools) for additional resources and technical information.

Websites

Green Roofs for Healthy Cities http://www.greenroofs.org

This nonprofit industry association consists of individuals and public and private organizations committed to developing a market for green roof infrastructure products and services across North America.

The Nature Conservancy is a conservation organization that works to protect ecologically important lands and water.

Print Media

Beyond Preservation: Restoring and Inventing Landscapes, by Dwight A. Baldwin, et al. (University of Minnesota Press, 1994).

Design for Human Ecosystems: Landscape, Land Use, and Natural Resources, by John Tillman Lyle and Joan Woodward (Milldale Press, 1999).

Landscape Restoration Handbook, by Donald Harker (Lewis Publishers, 1999).

SS

nc credit 5.2

scHooLs credit 5.2

cs credit 5.2

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

Biodiversity is the variety of life in all forms, levels, and combinations, including ecosystem diversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity.

Building footprint is the area on a project site used by the building structure, defined by the perimeter of the building plan. Parking lots, landscapes, and other nonbuilding facilities are not included in the building footprint.

The development footprint is the area affected by development or by project site activity.

Hardscape, access roads, parking lots, nonbuilding facilities, and the building itself are all included in the development footprint.

Greenfields are sites not previously developed or graded that could support open space, habitat, or agriculture.

Invasive plants are nonnative to the ecosystem and likely to cause harm once introduced. These species are characteristically adaptable and aggressive, have a high reproductive capacity, and tend to overrun the ecosystems they enter. Collectively, they are among the greatest threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability.

Local zoning requirements are local government regulations imposed to promote orderly development of private lands and prevent land-use conflicts.

Native (or indigenous) plants are adapted to a given area during a defined time period and are not invasive. In North America, the term often refers to plants growing in a region prior to the time of settlement by people of European descent.

Open space area is usually defined by local zoning requirements. If local zoning requirements do not clearly define open space, it is defined for the purposes of LEED calculations as the property area minus the development footprint; it must be vegetated and pervious, with exceptions only as noted in the credit requirements section. Only ground areas are calculated as open space. For projects located in urban areas that earn SS Credit 2, Development Density and Community Connectivity, open space also includes nonvehicular, pedestrian-oriented hardscape spaces.

The LEED project boundary is the portion of the project site submitted for LEED certification.

For single building developments, this is the entire project scope and is generally limited to the site boundary. For multiple building developments, the LEED project boundary may be a portion of the development as determined by the project team.

SS

nc credit 5.2

scHooLs credit 5.2

cs credit 5.2

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

StorMwater DeSiGn—QUantity Control

nc scHooLs cs

credit ss credit 6.1 ss credit 6.1 ss credit 6.1

Points 1 point 1 point 1 point

intent

To limit disruption of natural hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration, reducing or eliminating pollution from stormwater runoff and eliminating contaminants.

requirements

nc, scHooLs & cs

casE 1. sites with Existing imperviousness 50% or Less oPtion 1

Implement a stormwater management plan that prevents the postdevelopment peak discharge rate and quantity from exceeding the predevelopment peak discharge rate and quantity for the 1- and 2-year 24-hour design storms.

oR oPtion 2

Implement a stormwater management plan that protects receiving stream channels from excessive erosion. The stormwater management plan must include a stream channel protection and quantity control strategies.

casE 2. sites with Existing imperviousness is Greater than 50%

Implement a stormwater management plan that results in a 25% decrease in the volume of stormwater runoff from the 2-year 24-hour design storm.

SS CreDit 6.1

Exemplary performance option 2

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

1. Benefits and issues to Consider Environmental issues

Stormwater is a major source of pollution for all types of water bodies in the United States.⁹ Soil compaction caused by site development and the expanse of impervious surfaces, such as roads and parking lots, produce stormwater runoff that contains sediment and other contaminants, including atmospheric deposition, pesticides, fertilizers, vehicle fluid leaks, and mechanical equipment waste.

Increased stormwater runoff can overload pipes and sewers and damage water quality, affecting navigation and recreation. Furthermore, municipal systems that convey and treat runoff volumes require significant infrastructure and maintenance.

The health of streams is closely linked to stormwater runoff velocities and volumes. Increases in the frequency and magnitude of stormwater runoff due to development can increase bankfull events and erosion, widen channels, and cause downcutting in streams. Effective on-site management practices let stormwater infiltrate the ground, thereby reducing the volume and intensity of stormwater flows.¹⁰ Additionally, reducing stormwater runoff helps maintain the natural aquifer recharge cycle and restore depleted stream base flows.

scHooLs For school project teams, including natural stormwater management systems that mimic a site’s natural hydrology can function as a valuable learning tool. An outdoor classroom that allows students to observe the path and retention of stormwater can help students better understand the interrelationship of the built environment and natural systems.

Economic issues

If natural drainage systems are designed and implemented at the beginning of site planning, they can be integrated economically into the overall development. Water retention features require investments for design, installation, and maintenance; these features can also add significant value as site amenities, and costs can be minimized if systems are planned early in the design. The use of pervious pavement as part of an infiltration strategy may reduce the need for expensive and space-consuming retention options as well as the infrastructure needed to support conveyance. Using stormwater for nonpotable purposes, such as flushing urinals and toilets, custodial applications, and building equipment uses, would lower costs for potable water. A water analysis can help determine the estimated volume of water available for reuse.

Even small stormwater collection and treatment systems lessen the burden on municipalities for maintenance and repair, resulting in a more affordable and stable tax base. Where public utilities provide stormwater collection and conveyance service, projects may be able to lower stormwater fees by implementing strategies for managing stormwater on-site. Check with the local stormwater utility for fee reduction programs.

2. related Credits

Efforts to reduce the rate and quantity of stormwater runoff will result in increased on-site infiltration, reducing stormwater treatment needs. Such steps will help projects achieve the following credit:

n SS Credit 6.2: Stormwater Design—Quality Control

Efforts to decrease impervious surfaces on the project site through pervious pavements, vegetated roofing, and vegetated open space can help meet the requirements of the following credits:

n SS Credit 5.1: Site Development—Protect or Restore Habitat

n SS Credit 5.2: Site Development—Maximize Open Space SS

nc credit 6.1

scHooLs credit 6.1

cs credit 6.1

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

n SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island Reduction—Nonroof

n SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island Reduction—Roof

Harvested rainwater reduces stormwater runoff and can be reused inside the building in nonpotable applications or as landscape irrigation, assisting projects with earning these credits:

n WE Credit 1: Water-Efficient Landscaping

n WE Credit 3: Water Use Reduction

However, projects in dense urban areas that earn credit for development density and community connectivity may have difficulty finding space for stormwater mitigation features. See the requirements for the following:

n SS Credit 2: Development Density and Community Connectivity 3. Summary of referenced Standards

There are no standards referenced for this credit.

4. implementation

The best way to achieve this credit may depend on the condition of the site. For a largely undeveloped site, the goal is to preserve stormwater flows and design the project to preserve the natural soil conditions, habitat, and rainfall characteristics. For redevelopment of a previously developed site, the goal typically is to improve stormwater management to restore the natural functions of the site as much as possible and decrease the amount of stormwater runoff.

The best way to minimize stormwater runoff volume is to reduce the amount of impervious surface area. Reducing impervious area can minimize the need for stormwater infrastructure or even make it unnecessary. Stormwater runoff is also affected by site topography and site design. Strategies to minimize or mitigate stormwater runoff may include using pervious paving materials, harvesting stormwater for reuse in irrigation and indoor nonpotable water applications, designing infiltration swales and retention ponds, planting vegetated filter strips, installing vegetated roofs, and clustering development to reduce paved surfaces such as roads and sidewalks.

Ensure that site hardscape surfaces meet all loading and accessibility requirements.

Harvesting stormwater

Stormwater harvested in cisterns or other kinds of tanks can be substituted for potable water in landscape irrigation, fire suppression, toilet and urinal flushing, and custodial uses.

Storage options range from small rain barrels to underground cisterns that hold large volumes of water. Designers of stormwater harvesting systems of any size should consider the following:

1. Water budget. How will the harvested water be used and when will it be needed? For example, if stormwater will be used to irrigate landscaping for 4 summer months, teams should estimate the amount of water needed and the amount and timing of precipitation expected.

2. Drawdown. The storage system design must provide for the use or release of water between storm events for the design storage volume to be available.

3. Drainage area. The size and permeability of the area draining to the storage system determines

SS

nc credit 6.1

scHooLs credit 6.1

cs credit 6.1

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

5. Pretreatment. Screens or filters may be used to remove debris and sediment from runoff and to minimize pollutants.

6. Pressurization. Uses for harvested rainwater may require pressurization. For example, most irrigation systems require water pressure of at least 15 pounds per square inch (psi) to function properly. Stored water has a pressure of 0.43 psi per foot of water elevation, and the water pressure at the bottom of a 10-foot vault would be 4.3 psi (10 ft x 0.43 psi). Pressurization (pump, pressure tank, and filter) costs more but creates a more usable system.

State and local governments have different design requirements for capturing and reusing stormwater runoff. Regulations may specify locations where stormwater may be captured and reused, length of time stormwater can be held in a cistern, and type of water treatment required before reuse. Check with local authorities to determine best management practices that will affect collection and use of harvested stormwater.

Master site Development considerations

In urban settings with regional or master stormwater management systems, it may be possible (and in some cases required) to discharge site runoff into the master system. An off-site stormwater management system designed to manage runoff from the project site can contribute to achieving this credit, provided that the system meets the LEED requirements for all drainage areas that it serves.

5. timeline and team

The design of stormwater management systems will ideally take place during the earliest planning phases of the project. The most effective designs are integrated with the landscape and building plans to maximize pervious areas and take advantage of possible reuse opportunities.

During predesign, analyze the conceptual site plan and look for opportunities to decrease impervious area and thereby decrease runoff volumes. During design development, the civil engineer and landscape architect should design the stormwater management system and perform preliminary calculations to confirm compliance with this credit. During construction, the project team should confirm proper installation and operation of the stormwater management system by reviewing the contractor’s as-built drawings.

6. Calculations

Various methods and computer-based software programs are available to estimate stormwater runoff rates and volumes. The rational method is widely accepted and used to determine peak site runoff rates. To determine total runoff quantities, however, the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) method is typically used. Several NRCS methods also exist for estimating the peak discharge rates. Which methods are used will depend on the available data and the preference of the civil engineer; however, the chosen method should be widely accepted and recognized.

Volume captured via collection facilities

The amount of runoff reduced by a stormwater harvesting system is based on its storage volume, the rate at which the system is emptied, and the interval between storm events. Use Equation 1 to determine the amount of captured runoff and Equation 2 to assess the minimum drawdown rate necessary to empty the tank prior to the next rainfall event. If the actual drawdown rate is less than the minimum drawdown rate, the volume of runoff presumed to be captured by the system must be reduced accordingly.

SS

nc credit 6.1

scHooLs credit 6.1

cs credit 6.1

For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.

Equation 1. Volume of captured Runoff

Vr (cubic feet)

=

(P)(Rv)(a)

——————

12”

Where Vr = volume of captured runoff P = average rainfall event (inches)

Rv = 0.05 + (0.009)(I) where I = percentage impervious of collection surface A = area of collection surface (sf)

Equation 2. Minimum Drawdown Rate

Qr (cubic feet per second)

=

tank capacity (cubic feet)

———————————————

Rainfall Event interval (seconds)

Where Qr = minimum drawdown rate

casE 1. Existing imperviousness is 50% or Less (Largely undeveloped sites) oPtion 1. Discharge Rate and Quantity

Determine the predevelopment discharge rate and quantity for the project. These values are typically calculated by the civil engineer using the surface characteristics of the site and data on storm event frequency, intensity, and duration. Calculate the rate and quantity for the 1-year and 2-year 24-hour design storms.

Determine the postdevelopment discharge rate and quantity for the project consistent with the predevelopment calculations. The postdevelopment rate and quantity must be equal to or less than the predevelopment values.

oPtion 2. stream channel Protection

Describe the project site conditions, measures taken, and controls implemented as part of the project scope that prevent excessive stream velocities and resulting erosion. Include numerical values for predevelopment and postdevelopment conditions to demonstrate that the rate and quantity of stormwater runoff in the postdevelopment condition are below critical values for the relevant receiving waterways.

casE 2. Existing imperviousness is Greater than 50% (Largely Developed sites) Determine the predevelopment discharge rate and quantity for the project. These values are typically calculated by the civil engineer using the surface characteristics of the site and data on

casE 2. Existing imperviousness is Greater than 50% (Largely Developed sites) Determine the predevelopment discharge rate and quantity for the project. These values are typically calculated by the civil engineer using the surface characteristics of the site and data on

In document CAPTURA EN FLAGRANCIA: GARANTÍAS FUNDAMENTALES EN LA LEY 1826 DEL 2017 EN COLOMBIA Yurixa Fernanda Duarte Lozano Facultad De Derecho y Ciencias Políticas y Sociales Universidad La Gran Colombia Bogotá D.C 2023 (página 81-85)