Diseño, organización y desarrollo del programa formativo

In answering RQ 1:

What are the uses of smart phones mobiles in the Egyptian revolution?

Survey question number 5 was used. As for statement (a) I check news daily on my smart phones half of the media experts and youths reported that they use their smart phones in doing so.

Also question 7 provided answers to research question no. 1. The answers show that 86.0 % of the media experts and youths used their smart phones to access news where as 56.0 % used their smart phones to express their opinions. In addition to 24.8% of both respondents who participated in a demonstration/protest after hearing of it through smart phones. Also results of question 13 show that 89.0 % of the youths used their smart phones to access news whereas 128 students representing 64.0 % of the youths used their smart phones to express their opinion during the January 25th revolution.

Question 7e showed that 22.0 % of the youths participated in a demonstration/protest after hearing of it through smart phones where as 6.5 % of the youths did neither of these activities at all.

Results to question 8 also indicates that smart phones is considered the most rapid tool for gathering news stories.

Answers to questions 11 also indicate that smart phones are being used by media experts and youths to express their opinions however with different trends in addition to question 12 that provided practical uses of smart phones such as participating in a political campaign, and participation in a protest or strike, fundraising or organizing social events. There were other options of smart phones uses that were explored through the answers of question 13 such as: participating in politics, participating in solving community problems and creating sociopolitical awareness.

In relating the answers of RQ1 to questions 20 and 21 in the surveys we can draw a solid link between the different uses of smart phones and the different categories of the civic engagement construct. These usage trends fosters the construct of civic engagement inside the Egyptian citizen hence having implications on his perspective towards his society. That is to say a natural result of using smart phones for access news about the social and political affairs of the Egyptian society and by publicly expressing a person opinions about the political and social situations happening in his or her society will definitely increase a person’s socio-political awareness and this will in turn enhance the civic engagement attitude of Egyptians towards their society.

In answering RQ 2:

Does Egyptian youth usage of smart phones mobiles encourage them to express their opinions loudly?

In testing whether the Egyptian youths usage of smart phones encouraged political participation and political interaction among youths, this research question was effectively answered through the results of question 13 c and 7d. 85 % of the youths agree that the usage of mobile smart phones encourages the youths to express their opinions publicly (e.g. calls, SMS, uploading videos and pictures about events).

In other words, the usage of smart phones facilitate the opinion expression act for the youths. Also, results of question 7 show that 64 % of the youths used their smart phones to express their opinion. Also results of question (20 a) indicate that 75 % of the youths express their opinion by uploading videos and pictures through their smart phones.

In answering RQ 3:

What is the impact of smart phones mobiles on the political dialogue into young people’s every day’s lives?

As mentioned earlier in the methodology section, this research question was tackled by the study in order to examine how mobile smart phones usage has helped in establishing an alternative public sphere where young people would have an opportunity to freely discuss politics and democracy and hence by pass state control of information.

Question 11 was asked to answer this research question. Results indicate that nearly 40 % of the youths are using their smart phones during the January 25^th revolution and up to date to comment on photos/

videos related to the revolution on the internet while nearly half the youths used their smart phones to upload photos and videos about the revolution for the same purpose. 57.5 % of the youths sample tweeted or posted on social media about the revolution through their smart phones. Also this research question was answered in light of survey question number 20 b in which 72 % of the youths considered discussing Egyptian political affairs through their smart phone a priority for them. Hence, the result show that smart phones mobiles has a significant impact on the political dialogue into young people’s every day’s lives.

This idea can be analyzed in light of Habermass’ idea of the Public sphere. However, this public sphere in light lens of our nowadays societies this public sphere is a cyber-one for discussing politics and social affair of Egypt.

In answering Research Q 4:

Does Egyptian youth usage of smart phones create sociopolitical awareness?

This question was addressed by the study to examine if the usage of smart phones mobiles as a source of information by youths would create a well-informed political citizen.

This research question was answered through question 13 d in which 80 % of the media experts agree that mobile smart phones usage create sociopolitical awareness towards political issues during and after the Egyptian revolution. The mean average rating is 4.08 indicating that the majority of the experts lie between agree and strongly agree. While 82 % of the youths agree that mobile smart phones usage create sociopolitical awareness towards political issues during and after the Egyptian revolution.

In answering Research Q 5:

What is the influence of mobile phones in the possibility of e-voting post the revolution?

This research question was framed in order to examine the impact of smart phones usage on the possibility of e-voting. In light of the phenomenon of Politexting, text messages increase the possibility of voting (message alerts 2008 US elections increased probability of voting of individual to 3.2%.