I. Introducción
5. Conservación y protección de los recursos forestales
5.3 Disminuir los impactos negativos del fuego en los ecosistemas forestales
It is obvious that people react differently in the same situations and that people have job and hobby prefer
ences. In an effort to understand the reasons for these differences, researchers began to classify people’s
5 behaviors into different categories called personality types. Katherine Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs-Myers, beginning in the 1920s, developed one of the most famous personality tests. They based their studies on the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung’s 10 (1875-1961) work. Jung felt people had inherent
preferences and that, to lead a successful life, one
needed to focus on those preferences and not try to change them. Briggs and her daughter took Jung’s ideas and began to study thousands of people to come up with questions that could lead to personality profiles. By 1956 they had developed a test that the Educational Testing Service (ETS), the group that 15 administers the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), was willing to publish. There was some initial resis
tance to the test since neither woman was a psychologist, but their work prevailed, and since then the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) has been given to millions of people.
One area most personality tests examine is how people prefer to interact with others. The questions aim to see whether a person is an introvert or extrovert. Introverts tend to be shy, and they do not relish 20 dealing with people. They prefer having a few friends to spend time with, and they like working alone.
Extroverts, on the other hand, love meeting people, having lots of friends, and working with others. In school, introverts and extroverts often look at being involved in group projects differently, with extroverts usually welcoming working with others.
Another area of difference is how people perceive the world. Some people are known as “sensors.”
25 They like to get information in a sequential order, they like facts, and they like hands-on activities.
These are the people who prefer to use their five senses to gather information. They are the tactile people who want to touch something to test its reality. The
other group is called “intuitive.” They are fine with getting information in random order, and they enjoy dealing with
30 abstract ideas. In educational settings, these differences can lead to problems. Most elementary school teachers, about 70%, are sensory types, and most people are sensory types, also about 70%. The predominance of sensory early-learning teachers works well for most young students, but about 77%
35 of college professors are the intuitive type. For many sensors, a college lecture given by an intuitive, who freely makes random observations and uses generalities, becomes frustrat
ing. They want an outline; they want order. They want concrete examples. This difference makes getting a college
40 education difficult for some personality types.
1 4 6
Another difference is whether people are “thinkers” or “feelers” when they make decisions. Thinkers are very logical. They tend to be detached, and their goal is fairness. Feelers are more concerned with how the results of a decision will affect other people. They are concerned with harmony over justice. The last type of difference features the “judgers” and the “perceivers.” Judgers like an orderly environment. They 45 make a plan and stick to it. Perceivers prefer to be spontaneous. They don’t like to make firm decisions.
For this type, what works one day might not be the right thing to do the next day.
The MBTI asks questions that help people create a personality profile that includes the four ways of interacting with the world. Two possible personality types are the ISTJ (Introvert, Sensor, Thinker, Judger) and the ENFP (Extrovert, Intuitive, Feeler, Perceiver). These two types deal with situations 50 differently, and they relate to each other differently, which can sometimes lead to arguments and
stressful situations. It can be helpful to understand these differences to better get along with each other and to better know oneself. Personality profiles don’t try to confine the individual. They allow for the multifaceted nature of each person, but they can help a person see one’s preferences. An awareness o f why one behaves a certain way can assist a person in a variety of life’s activities from 55 education and career choices to romance and money management.
Predicting
iim iiiim iH im iiim m fim m iim iim iim im im m iim iim m im m im im im iiim iiiim im im iim im im m For each set, write the definition on the line next to the word to which it belongs. If you are unsure, return to the reading on page 146, and underline any context clues you find. After you’ve made your predictions, check your answers against the W ord List on page 151. Place a checkmark in the box next to each word whose definition you missed. These are the words you’ll want to study closely.Set One
innate to enjoy to organize an outgoing person a shy person
^3 1. classify (line 4 ) _________________________________________________________________
O 2. inherent (line 1 0 )_________________________________________________________________
Q 3. introvert (line 19)_____________________________________________________________
O 4. extrovert (line 19)________________________________________________________________
Q 5. relish (line 19)___________________________________________________________________
Set Two
pertaining to the sense of touch an idea not related to a specific example
many-sided in order instinctive
□ 6. sequential (line 25)
□ 7. tactile (line 26)
□ 8. intuitive (line 28)
□ 9. abstract (line 30)
□ 10. multifaceted dine 53)
C HA P T E R 2 4 E d u c a t i o n 1 4 7
Self-Tests
iiiisiiiiiiüiiiüiiiiiHKiiiiüf in siitiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMf nüiiiiüiüiiüiniiitf iitiiiiiiini1. An extrem e________________ might spend a year alone and not miss the company o f other people.
2. In a recent announcement, the mayor declared that she w ill________________ the task of rejuvenating the decaying downtown shopping area.
3. A study was just published that suggests kindness i s ________________ in all people.
4. A local professor’s ________________ ideas on time travel have won him a Science Foundation award.
5. My husband is th e ________________ in the family. He can visit with people for hours, while I prefer to sit in the com er reading a book.
6. The organization has decided t o ________________ most of the personal information it has about its members. From now on, only executive board members will be allowed access to this material.
7. Kids love the n e w ________________ display at the Children’s Museum. It lets them touch objects found in rivers and oceans.
8. The city council’s _________________plan to restructure the city’s departments will begin in departments starting with “A” and continue in order through the alphabet.
9. Audiences will be impressed with th e ________________ skills o f Gerry the Juggler. He can sing, dance, and tell jokes all while juggling a dozen objects at one time.
10. A local musician and legend credits his productive song-writing career to h is _________________
nature. He feels his sensitivity has allowed him to transform people’s feelings into music.
VOC A BUL AR Y L I ST
introvert relish inherent abstract
multifaceted classify tactile sequential
1 4 8 C H A P T E R 2 4 E d u c a t i o n
For each set, complete the analogies. See Completing Analogies on page 4 for instructions and practice.
Set One
VOC A BUL AR Y L I ST
classify inherent relish introvert intuitive
1. faulty : flawed :: innate : ________________
2. likes big parties : extrovert:: avoids crowds : ________________
3. photographer : sh o o t:: librarian : ________________
4. losing : disappointm ent: : ________________ : insights 5. comedy : laugh :: d e ssert: ________________
Set Two
V OC A BUL AR Y L I ST
sequential multifaceted abstract extrovert tactile
6. s u n se t: v is u a l:: a shower : _______________
7. tr o ll: mean : : ________________ : sociable 8. cow : an im a l:: economic problems :
9. y e l l: whisper : : ________________ : random 10. barber : c u t :: d e n tist: _________________