El gregarismo y la ceguera para los valores

The beginning of wisdom is the fear of the Lord

The triad of Binah, Chokhmah and Keter are a Kabbalistic representation of the manifest God.

A discussion on this triad presents me with a problem. The problem is that while I have used the word “God” in many places in these notes, I have done so with a sense of unease, under-standing that the word means so many different things to so many people that it is effectively meaningless. I have chosen to use the word

“God” as a placeholder for personal experience, with the implicit assumption that the reader understands that “God” is a personal experi-ence, and not an ill-defined abstraction one

“believes in”. This view is not novel, but there are still many people who are uncomfortable with the idea of experiencing (as opposed to

“believing in”) God.

A second assumption implicit in the use of the word “God” as a placeholder, is that it stands only for experience; your experience, and hence

your God, is as valid as mine, and as there are no formal definitions, there is no scope for theo-logical debate or dispute. This leaves me with nothing more to say.

However...these notes were intended to pro-vide some insight into Kabbalah, and it would be odd, having begun to write them, to turn around and say “sorry, I won’t say anything about the three supernal sephiroth”.

I think I have to say something. Balanced against this is my original intention, at every stage in these notes, to relate the objects of dis-cussion to something real, to make a personal contribution by adding my own understanding to the subject rather than pot-boiling the same old material. I cannot see how to put flesh on the bare bones of the supernal sephiroth with-out discussing my own conception of God and whatever personal experience I might have.

I am loth to do this. To begin with, it isn’t fair on those people who study and use Kabbalah (many Jewish) who do not share my views, and secondly, remembering the parable of the blind men and the elephant, impressions of God tend to be shaped by the part one grabs hold of, and how close to the bottom you are.

Like it or not, my explanations of the supernal sephiroth are going to be lacking in substance. I can only ask you, the reader, to accept that the primary purpose of Kabbalah has always been the direct, personal experience of the living God, a state Kabbalists have called devekut, or cleaving to God, and the way towards that experience comes, not from a studious examina-tion of the symbolism of the supernals, but from the practical techniques of Kabbalah to be dis-cussed in a later chapter.

The title of the sephira Binah is translated as

“understanding”, and sometimes as “intelli-gence”. The title of the sephira Chokhmah translates as “wisdom”, and that of Keter trans-lates as “crown”. These three sephiroth are often referred to as the supernal sephiroth, or simply the supernals, and they represent that aspect of God which is manifest in creation.

There is another aspect of God in Kabbalah, the

“real God” or En Soph. Although En Soph is responsible for the creation of the universe, En Soph manifests to us only in the limited form of the sephira Keter.

An enormous amount of effort has gone into

“explaining” this process: a book on Kabbalah

[32] in my possession devotes eight pages to the En Soph, twelve pages to the supernal trio of Keter, Chokhmah and Binah, and five pages to the remaining seven sephiroth, a proportion which seems relatively constant throughout Kabbalistic literature.

Briefly, the hidden God or En Soph crystal-lised a point which is the sephira Keter. In most versions (and this idea can be found as far back as the Bahir [23]) the En Soph “contracted”

(tsimtsum) to “make room” for the creation, and the crystallised point of Keter manifested within this “space”. The sephira Keter is like a seed planted in nothingness from which the creation springs, and some Kabbalists draw the Tree of Life “upside down” to show Keter at the bottom of the Tree, rooted in the soil of the En Soph, with the rest of the sephiroth forming the trunk, branches and leaves. Another metaphor shows Keter connected to the En Soph by a “thread of light”, a metaphor I used somewhat whimsi-cally in the section on “Daat and the Abyss”, where I portrayed the Tree of Life as a lit-up Christmas tree with a power cord snaking out of the darkness of the En Soph and through the abyss to Keter.

Like the Moon, Keter has two aspects, mani-fest and hidden, and for this reason its magical image is that of a face seen in profile: one side of the face is visible to us, but the other side is turned forever towards the En Soph.

Keter has many titles: Existence of Existences, Concealed of the Concealed, Ancient of Ancients, Ancient of Days, Primordial Point, the Smooth Point, the Point within the Circle, the Most High, the Inscrutable Height, the Vast Countenance (Arik Anpin), the White Head, the Head which is not, Macroprosopus. Taken together, these titles imply that Keter is the first, the oldest, the root of existence, remote, and its most accurate symbol is that of a point. Keter precedes all forms of existence, precedes all dif-ferentiation and distinction, precedes all polar-ity. Keter contains everything in potential, like a seed that sprouts and grows into a Tree, not once, but continuously. Keter is both root and seed. Because it precedes all forms and contains all opposites it is not like anything. You can say it contains infinite goodness, but then you have to say that it contains infinite evil. Wrapped up in Keter is all the love in the world, and wrapped around the love is all the hate. Keter is an outpouring of purest, radiant light, but

equally it is the profoundest stygian dark.

And it is none of these things; it precedes all form or polarity, and its Virtue is unity. It is a point without extension or qualities, but it con-tains all creation within it as an unformed potential. The Zohar [29] is filled with references to Keter, and it is difficult to be selective, but the following quote from the “Lesser Holy Assem-bly”, is clear, simple, and subtle:

“He (Keter) hath been formed, and yet as it were He hath not been formed. He hath been conformed so that he may sustain all things; yet is He not formed, seeing that He is not discovered.

When He is conformed He produceth nine Lights, which shine forth from Him, from his conformation.

And from Himself those Lights shine forth, and they emit flames, and they rush forth and are extended on every side, like as from an elevated lantern the rays of light stream down on every side.

And those rays of light, which are extended, when anyone draweth near unto them so that they may be examined, are not found, and there is only the lan-tern alone.”

Polarity is contained within Keter in the form of Chokhmah and Binah, the Wisdom and Understanding of God, and Kabbalists have represented this polarity using the most obvi-ous of metaphors, that of male and female.

Chokhmah is Abba, the Father, and Binah is Aima, the Mother, and the entire world is seen as the child of the continuous and never-ending coupling of this divine pair. The following pas-sage is taken again from the “Lesser Holy Assembly”:

“Come and behold. When the Most Holy Ancient One, the Concealed with all Con-cealments (Keter), desired to be formed forth, He conformed all things under the form of Male and Female; and in such place wherein Male and Female are com-prehended.

For they could not permanently exist save in another aspect of the Male and Female (their countenances being joined together).

And this Wisdom (Chokhmah) embrac-ing all thembrac-ings, when it goeth forth and shi-neth forth from the Most Holy Ancient One, shineth not save under the form of Male and Female. Therefore is this Wis-dom extended, and it is found that it

equally becometh Male and Female.

ChKMH AB BINH AM: Chokhmah is the Father and Binah is the Mother, and therein are Chokhmah, Wisdom, and Binah, Understanding, counterbalanced together in the most perfect equality of Male and Female.

And therefore are all things established in the equality of Male and Female, for were it not so, how could they subsist!

This beginning is the Father of all things;

the Father of all Fathers; and both are mutually bound together, and the one path shineth into the other - Chokhmah, Wisdom, as the Father; Binah, Under-standing, as the Mother.

It is written, Prov. 2.3: ‘If thou callest Binah the Mother.”

When They are associated together They generate, and are expanded in truth.

And concerning the continuing act of procrea-tion:

“Together They (Chokhmah & Binah) go forth, together They are at rest; the one ceaseth not from the other, and the one is never taken away from the other.

And therefore is it written, Gen 2.10:

‘And a river went forth from Eden’ - i.e.

properly speaking, it continually goeth forth and never faileth.”

A river or spring metaphor is often used for Chokhmah, to emphasise the continuous nature of creation. The primary metaphor is that of a phallus - Chokhmah is the phallus which ejacu-lates continuously into the womb of Binah, and Binah in turn gives birth to phenomenal reality.

Phallic symbols - a standing stone, a fireman’s hose, a fountain, a spear, belong to Chokhmah, and womb symbols - a cauldron, a gourd, a chalice, an oven, belong to Binah. In an abstract sense, Chokhmah and Binah correspond to the first, primal manifestation of the polarity of force and form. To repeat a metaphor I have used previously, Binah is a hot-air balloon, and Chokhmah is the roaring blast of flame which keeps it in the air.

The metaphor is not completely accurate:

Binah is not form: she is the Mother of Form -she creates the condition whereby form can manifest. The colour of Binah is black, and she is associated with Shabbatai (“rest”, from the same root as Shabbat, the Sabbath), the planet Saturn.

The symbolism of Binah is twofold: on one

hand she is Aima, the fertile mother of creation, and on the other hand she is the mother of finiteness, limitation, restriction, boundaries, time, space, law, fate, and ultimately, death. In this form she is often depicted as Ama the Crone, who broods (like many pictures of Queen Victoria) in her black widow’s weeds on the throne of creation. One of the titles of Binah is Khorsia, the Throne. The magician and Kab-balist Dion Fortune had a strongly intuitive grasp of Binah, not just as a sphere of a particu-lar kind of emanation, but as the Great Mother herself, as the following rhyme from her novel Moon Magic [11] shows:

“I am she who ere the earth was formed Was Rhea, Binah, Ge.

I am that soundless, boundless, bitter sea Out of whose deeps life wells eternally.

Astarte, Aphrodite, Ashtoreth - Giver of life and bringer in of death;

Hera in heaven, on earth Persephone;

Diana of the ways, and Hecate - All these am I, and they are seen in me. The hour of the high full moon draws near; I hear the invoking words, hear and appear -Shaddai El Chai and Rhea, Binah, Ge - I come unto the priest who calleth me - “ One of the oldest correspondences for Binah is the element of water, and she is called Marah, the bitter sea from which all life comes and must return. She is also the Superior or Greater Mother; the Inferior or Lesser Mother is the sephira Malkhut, who is better symbolised by nature goddesses of the earth itself - e.g. the trinity of Kore, Demeter, and Persephone.

The Tree of Life has many goddess symbols, and it is not always easy to see where they fit:

• Binah is the Great Mother of All, with sym-bols of space, time, fate, spinning, weaving, cauldrons and other womb-like symbols.

• Malkhut is the Earth as the soil from which life springs, matter as the basis for life, the spirit concealed in matter, best symbolised by goddesses of this earth, fertility and veg-etation.

• Yesod in its lunar aspect is the Moon, a hid-den reality with the ebb and flow of secret tides, illusion, glamour, and sexual repro-duction, and is sometimes in invoked in the form of a lunar goddess - Selene, Artemis etc.

• Gevurah is on the Pillar of Form. The whole Pillar has a female aspect, and Gevurah is

sometimes invoked in a female form as Kali, Durga, Hecate, or the Morrigan, although it must be said that all four goddesses also share some correspondences more appro-priate to Binah.

• Netzach has the planet Venus as a corre-spondence, and its aspect of sensual pleas-ure, luxury, sexual love and desire is sometimes invoked through a goddess such as Venus or Aphrodite.

The Spiritual Experience of Binah is the Vision of Sorrow. As the Mother of Form Binah is also the Mother of finiteness and limitation, of determinism, of cause and effect. Every quality comes forth hand-in-hand with its opposite: life and death, joy and despair, love and hate, order and chaos, so that it is not possible to find a firm anchor in life. For each reason to live I can find, buried like a worm in an apple, a reason not to live. The Vision of Sorrow is a vision of a life condemned to tramp along the circumference of a circle, forever denied a view of the unity of the centre. At its most extreme the creation is seen as an evil trick played by a malign demiurge, a sick, empty joke, or a joyless prison with death the only release. The classic vision of sorrow is that of Siddhartha Gautama. Tolstoy records [19] a terrible and enduring psychic experience which contains most of the elements associated with the worst Binah can offer - it drove him to the very edge of suicide.

The Illusion of Binah is death; that is, the vision of Binah may be compelling, but it is one-sided, a half-truth, and the finiteness it reveals is an illusion. Our own personal finiteness is an illusion.

The Klippot of Binah is fatalism, the belief that we are imprisoned in the mechanical causality of form, and not only are we incapable of chang-ing or achievchang-ing anythchang-ing, but even if we could, there wouldn’t be any point. Why try to be happy - happiness leads inexorably to sadness.

Why try to build and create - it all ends in decay and ruin soon enough. As the fatalistic author of Ecclesiastes says, all is vanity.

The Vice of Binah is avarice. Form is only one-half of the equation of life - change is the other half - and to try to hold onto and preserve form at the expense of change would be the death of all life.

The Virtue of Binah is silence. Beyond form there are no concepts, ideas, abstractions, or words.

The Spiritual Experience of Chokhmah is the Vision of God Face-to-Face. The tradition I received has it that one cannot have this vision while incarnate; that is, one dies in the process.

Perle Epstein [10] records the story of a Chasidic Rabbi whose custom it was to bid farewell to his family each morning as if it was his last - he feared he might die of ecstacy during the day. In the Greater Holy Assembly [29], three Rabbis pass away in ecstacy, and in the Lesser Holy Assembly the famous Rabbi Simeon ben Yohai passes away at the conclusion.

There is a fairly widespread belief that to look on the naked face of God, or a God, means death, but fortunately there is no historical evi-dence to suggest that the majority of Kabbalists died of anything other than natural causes.

Having said this, I would not like to underplay the naked rawness of Chokhmah; uncon-strained, unconfined, free of form, it is the crea-tive power which sustains the universe. It contains, equally balanced, your life and your death, and as you have your life already, to talk of death is not melodramatic.

The Illusion of Chokhmah is independence.

At the level of Binah we seem to be locked in form, separate and finite, but just as death is seen to be an illusion so ultimately is our pendence and free-will. We seem to be inde-pendent, and we seem to have free-will, but at the level of Chokhmah we draw our water from the same well.

The Virtue of Chokhmah is good, and the Vice is evil. Regardless of your definition of good or evil, Chokhmah encompasses every possibility of action, circumstance and creation, and mod-ern Kabbalists no longer try to believe God is only Good, and Evil must reside elsewhere.

Medieval Kabbalists liked to hedge their bets, but one has only to plumb the bottomless depths of personal good and evil to find they spring from the same place.

The Klippot of Chokhmah is arbitrariness.

The raw, creative, unconstrained energy of God at its most primal and dynamic can seem utterly arbitrary and chaotic, and some authors [e.g.

[4]] have seen it this way. This removes the

“divine will” from the energy and leaves a blind, directionless, and essentially mechanical force which is unbiased in any direction - crea-tion and destruccrea-tion, order and chaos, who cares? The Kabbalistic view is that this is not so.

Chokhmah contains form (as Binah) in potential, and it is not correct to view Chokhmah as a purely chaotic energy. It is an energy biased towards an end - “God’s Will”, for lack of a bet-ter description.

The Spiritual Experience of Keter is Union with God. My comments on the Spiritual Expe-rience of Chokhmah apply also to Keter.

The Illusion of Keter is attainment. We can live, we can change, but there is nothing to attain. Even Union with God is not attainment;

we were always one with God, and knowing that we are changes nothing of any consequence. So long as we live, there is no goal in life other than living itself. As the Kabbalist Rebbe Nachman of Breslov said [10]:

“No matter how high one reaches, there

“No matter how high one reaches, there