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Disrupting territories : land, commodification and conflict in Sudan / Jörg Gertel, Richard Rottenburg, Sandra Calkins. - Woodbridge : James Currey, 2014. - XII, 255 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - (Eastern Africa series) - Met bibliogr., gloss., index, noten.

ISBN 9781847010544

ASC Subject Headings: Sudan; land acquisition; land rights; boundary conflicts; foreign investments; pastoralists.

This collective volume seeks to disentangle the relationships between people and land in Sudan. Sudan experiences one of the most severe fissures between society and territory in Africa. Not only were its international borders redrawn when South Sudan separated in 2011, but conflicts continue to erupt over access to land: territorial claims are challenged by local and international actors; borders are contested; contracts governing the privatization of resources are contentious; and the legal entitlements to agricultural land are disputed. Under these new dynamics of land grabbing and resource extraction, fundamental relationships between people and land are being disrupted: while land has become a global commodity, for millions it still serves as a crucial reference for identity formation and constitutes their most important source of livelihood. The chapters in the first part focus on the spatial impact of resource-extracting economies: 1. Disrupting territories: commodification and its consequences (Jörg Gertel, Richard Rottenburg and Sandra Calkins); 2. Agricultural investment through land grabbing in Sudan (Siddiq Umbadda); 3. Territories of gold mining: international investment and artisanal extraction in Sudan (Sandra Calkins and Enrico Ille); 4 Oil, water and agriculture: Chinese impact on Sudanese land use (Janka Linke). The chapters in the second part present detailed ethnographic case studies from Darfur, South Kordofan, Red Sea State, Kassala, Blue Nile, and Khartoum State, showing how rural people experience "their" land vis-à-vis the latest wave of privatization and commercialization of land rights. Chapters: 5. Nomad-sedentary relations in the context of dynamic land rights in Darfur: from complementarity to conflict (Musa Adam Abdul-Jalil); 6. Sedentary-nomadic relations in a shared territory: post-conflict dynamics in the Nuba mountains, Sudan (Guma Kunda Komey); 7. Entangled land and identity: Beja history and institutions (Sara Pantuliano); 8. Gaining an access to land: everyday negotiations and ethnic politics of Rashaida in north-eastern Sudan (Sandra Calkins); 9. Hausa and Fulbe on the Blue Nile: land conflict between farmers and herders (Elhadi Ibrahim Osman and Günther Schlee); 10. A central marginality: the invisibilization of urban pastoralists in Khartoum state (Barbara Casciarri). [ASC Leiden abstract]

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100 Kadoda, Gada

Contemporary youth movements and the role of social media in Sudan / Gada Kadoda and Sondra Hale - In: Canadian Journal of African Studies: (2015), vol. 49, no. 1, p. 215-236.

ASC Subject Headings: Sudan; urban youth; political action; political change; social media.

Youth activism in the last decade has become increasingly associated with new media technologies. The "Arab Spring", it can be argued, prompted much interest among academics, policymakers and others on the intersection between youth, activism and social media. Although oftentimes seen as threats to authoritarian states, youths have become agents of change in the eyes of international foreign policy developers who claim to be keen on progressive and inclusive governance. This paper reflects on the role of social media in the recent (2011-2013) activism of Sudanese youth, who have taken centre stage at demonstrations calling for regime change, and adopting mechanisms similar to their counterparts in the Middle East/North Africa. While political forms of activism may have been more prominent in the Arab Spring, this paper argues that social media plays a key role in both political and community engagements of contemporary urban Sudanese youth, perhaps pointing to future possibilities. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]

101 Kramer, Robert S.

Scholarship and the two Sudans: an interview with Professor Samson Wassara / Robert S. Kramer - In: Canadian Journal of African Studies: (2015), vol. 49, no. 1, p. 237-242.

ASC Subject Headings: Sudan; South Sudan; political science; scientific cooperation.

This article is a transcript of the interview conducted over a period of several months in late 2013 with Samson Samuel Wassara, Vice Chancellor of the University of Bahr al-Ghazal and former Professor of Political Science and Dean of the College of Social and Economic Studies at the University of Juba, Republic of South Sudan. The interviewer wanted to learn not only Wassara's ideas about potential topics for scholarly collaboration between the two Sudans, but also how he, as a South Sudanese, regarded his colleagues in the North: Would Sudan's lengthy and bitter civil war inhibit interactions between intellectuals in the two countries? Would the contested notion of what it means to be "Sudanese" affect (or even undermine) any collaborative undertaking? On a more personal note, what had he experienced as a southern Sudanese that might shape his view of Sudan studies? Bibliogr., notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]

102 Kramer, Robert S.

The death of Bassiouni: a case of complex identity in the Sudan / Robert S. Kramer - In:

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ASC Subject Headings: Sudan; South Sudan; Jews; Islamization; national identity; 1850-1899; 1900-1999.

Contested national identity has been an important issue for much of Sudan's modern history, and was a key factor in the conflict between north and south since independence in 1956. The "Islamisation" of Sudanese government and society, beginning under Ja'far Numayri in 1983 and continuing after the military coup of 1989, led to new levels of widespread violence and ultimately the secession of the South in 2011. Meanwhile, Sudanese people everywhere have continued to debate what it means to be "Sudanese". History reveals a number of ways in which Sudan's diverse peoples have been accommodated and assimilated in periods of both stability and instability. This study examines Sudan's minority Jewish community in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and one important family in particular, to reveal how being "Sudanese" has sometimes crossed, or muddied, a variety of ethnic, religious and cultural boundaries. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]

103 Miller, Catherine

Retour sur les catégorisations ethno-linguistiques au Soudan: entre construction allogène, appropriation autochtone et perpétuel réajustement / Catherine Miller - In: Canadian Journal of African Studies: (2015), vol. 49, no. 1, p. 127-146.

ASC Subject Headings: Sudan; South Sudan; indigenous languages; language classification; ethnic identity; ethnicity.

Cet article s'intéresse à la résilience des catégories ethno-linguistiques au Soudan et analyse le rôle joué par les classifications linguistiques établies par la linguistique comparative moderne. Au-delà d'une critique un peu convenue des classifications ethno-linguistiques perçues comme des "inventions coloniales" par les post-colonial studies, il appelle à une analyse contextualisée de la formation de ces catégories et surtout de leur usage et impact socio-politique de la période coloniale à nos jours dans un contexte où la compétition généralisée pour l'accès au pouvoir et aux ressources se joue en grande partie par la possibilité d'être reconnue comme une entité ethnique autonome. Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]

104 Seri-Hersch, Iris

Que sont les études soudanaises après l'éclatement du cadre national soudanais? : repenser les rapports entre bouleversements politiques et pratiques académiques / Iris Seri-Hersch - In: Canadian Journal of African Studies: (2015), vol. 49, no. 1, p. 19-37.

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Cet article propose une réflexion critique sur le champ des études soudanaises à la lumière de la scission du Soudan en deux États en 2011. Il retrace la genèse des études soudanaises en tant que domaine de recherche distinct, soulignant le décalage important entre les débuts d’une production à prétention savante sur le Soudan et le moment où apparaissent les labels "Sudan Studies"/"dirasat sudaniyya". La pertinence actuelle d'un champ d'études soudanaises "transnational" est interrogée, amenant l'auteur à suggérer différents critères légitimant ou non l'existence d'un domaine soudaniste distinct si ce n'est unifié. Enfin, l'article envisage l'évolution future de la production historienne sur les Soudans, à la fois dans le nouveau contexte politique et idéologique qui se dessine depuis 2011, et sous un angle plus proprement historiographique. Bibliogr., notes, réf., rés. en français et en anglais. [Résumé extrait de la revue]

105 Sharkey, Heather J.

"La belle Africaine": the Sudanese giraffe who went to France / Heather J. Sharkey - In:

Canadian Journal of African Studies: (2015), vol. 49, no. 1, p. 39-65 : ill.

ASC Subject Headings: Sudan; France; South Sudan; animals; exhibitions; history; 1800-1899; 1900-1999.

In 1826, Mehmet Ali of Egypt sent a giraffe from somewhere in what is now the Republic of the Sudan to King Charles X of France. The first live giraffe ever to reach France, she arrived when public museums and zoos were emerging, inspiring scholarly and popular interest in science and the world beyond French borders. This article studies the career and "afterlives" of this giraffe in France and relative to giraffes at large in the Sudan, in order to trace a Franco-Sudanese history that has stretched from the early nineteenth century to the present. At the same time, viewing this connected history in the aftermath of the 2011 secession of South Sudan, when colonial and national borders appear contingent and subject to change, this article approaches the Sudan as a zone (as opposed to a fixed country) within global networks of migration involving people, other animals, things, and ideas. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]

106 Sharkey, Heather J.

Rethinking Sudan Studies: a post-2011 manifesto / Heather J. Sharkey, Elena Vezzadini and Iris Seri-Hersch - In: Canadian Journal of African Studies: (2015), vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1-18.

ASC Subject Headings: Sudan; South Sudan; African studies.

This essay appraises "Sudan Studies" following the 2011 secession of South Sudan. It asks two questions. First, what has Sudan Studies been as a colonial and postcolonial field of academic inquiry and how should or must it change? Second, should we continue to write about a single arena of Sudan Studies now that Sudan has split apart? The authors

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advance a "manifesto" for Sudan Studies by urging scholars to map out more intellectual terrain by attending to non-elite actors and women; grass-roots and local history; the environment and the arts; oral sources; and interdisciplinary studies of culture, politics, and society. They propose that scholars can transcend the changing boundaries of the nation-state, and recognize connections forged through past and present migrations and contacts, by studying the Sudan as a zone rather than a fixed country. Finally, in their introduction to this bilingual special issue, they highlight the increasing relevance of French scholarship to the endeavor of rethinking Sudan Studies. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French [Journal abstract]

107 Vezzadini, Elena

Setting the scene of the crime: the colonial archive, history, and racialisation of the 1924 revolution in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan / Elena Vezzadini - In: Canadian Journal of African Studies: (2015), vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1-18 : 67-93.

ASC Subject Headings: Sudan; revolutions; 1924; historical sources; historiography.

This article investigates a part of the "story of the story" of the 1924 revolution, the first popular anticolonial uprising in Sudan to be framed by a nationalist ideology. Considering that the process that turns a past event into history is neither linear nor predictable, the author draws on Trouillot's "catalogue of silences" to compare two sets of sources that correspond to two moments in the making of 1924 as history: first, the judicial records produced by the Sudan government during 1924, and second the Ewart Report, written in 1925, to "seal" the revolution. A comparison of these two sources reveals radical discrepancies in the narrative, as well as the silences imposed on and well-concealed fine-tunings of the various voices of the revolution. Of these two sets of sources, it is the Ewart Report that provides the most influential interpretation of the 1924 revolution. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French [Journal abstract]

108 Ylönen, Aleksi

Security regionalism and flaws of externally forged peace in Sudan : the IGAD peace process and its aftermath / Aleksi Ylönen - In: African Journal on Conflict Resolution:

(2014), vol. 14, no. 2, p. 13-39.

ASC Subject Headings: Sudan; South Sudan; conflict resolution; peacebuilding; African organizations.

During 1983-2005 Sudan hosted one of Africa's longest insurgencies. Throughout the conflict a number of competing peace initiatives coincided, but a process under the mediation authority of the Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD) prevailed. However, although initiated in 1993, the IGAD process only accelerated after the

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the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in less than four years' time. Although it was presented as IGAD's success as a conflict resolution body, in reality the organisation's role in the making of peace in Sudan was to a large extent conditioned by the involvement of a narrow selection of Western stakeholders. This article examines the IGAD peace process in Sudan, highlighting the dynamics and relative roles of the principal actors involved. It argues that although the negotiations were portrayed as inherently sub-regional, and adhering to the idea of 'African solutions for African problems', a closer analysis reveals that the peace process was dominated by external protagonists. This resulted in the interests of Western actors, particularly the US, playing a prominent role in the negotiated agreement, consequences of which are currently experienced both in Sudan and South Sudan. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]