Enfoques en el estudio de los sistemas electorales

Mars, Rahu and Ketu, and Saturn

ars is the most important planet to consider in the matter of conflicts and wars, whereas shadowy Ketu, who acts in a similar but covert way as Mars, is the most important in the matter of terrorism. Its action is similar to Rahu, thus being associated with war and causing maximum trouble to the enemy. Sudden and violent attacks or explosions, especially coming through covert or disguised forces, are indicated by Ketu. Assassinations, deaths by chemical or biological warfare, deception, fire or attacks at night, are indicated by Ketu as well as Rahu. Both Rahu and Ketu thus indicate war and terrorist attacks of the worst kind, and they become dramatically more intense when conjoined and aspected by other malefics such as Mars and Saturn. Rahu also has to do with revolutions and overcoming the ruling government of its adversaries. Fanatics or extremists, political plots, rebellion, imprisonment, torture and executions result from Rahu. Hiding in tunnels and caves, or making use of such for interrogation or imprisoning enemy fighters are also indications of both Rahu and Ketu.

Saturn has to do with democracies or democratic governments, as well as regular workers or the laborer class in general. The contraction or depression of the people (leading to uprisings), as well as the economy and safety of the people, come under Saturn’s rule in mundane astrology. Politics in general, and, under certain conditions, war, are indicated by Saturn. Overthrow of the ruler is indicated by Saturn. The land and everything pertaining to the country’s loss or gain of territory in war are ruled by Saturn also. The public buildings on the land, as well as their safety or destruction in war, are indicated by Saturn as well. Whereas Jupiter has to do with the increase or expansion of the economy and business, Saturn represents decline or a meltdown of the national economy.

Sun, Jupiter and Outer Planets

M

If the Sun is in aspect to Uranus, then the president or other government head may go against his party, or may lodge a revolution against its oppressor.

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Apart from relating to religion and philosophy (and these possibly giving the rationale for acts of war or terrorism), Jupiter chiefly has to do with corporations and corporate finance, the judicial branch of government, and the urge toward expansion of a country’s boundaries. Thus Jupiter is not always the “greater benefic” in mundane astrology, as the urge to extort the land and resources of other countries and expanding borders will result when malefics such as Rahu and Ketu, and particularly Pluto afflict Jupiter in the mundane chart. Given its rulership of the 9 th and 12 th houses of the natural zodiac, Jupiter has to do with foreign countries and dealings with them, especially where large scale financial interests lie in the backdrop of political dealings. It has to do with treaties and arbitration between countries, as well as peace negotiations and other diplomatic activities. Mainly, the force behind all areas of finance, including the national revenue department, banks and the stock market and capitalism in general have to do with Jupiter. It rules the aristocracy, such as emperors, nobility and people of high social status.

As in the natal chart, the Sun chiefly has to do with the ruling head of countries. Further, it has to do with the government of countries, the government officials as well as ministers and all governmental personnel in positions of authority. If the Sun is highly afflicted, or it has a sambandha with malefics or malefic houses in the mundane chart, then plots levied by the government against its own people, or against the people of another country are indicated. Possible outcomes connecting with the Sun may result in the following:

v Measures of extreme control or dictatorships will result if the Sun has a strong aspect to Pluto in the mundane chart, and additionally has afflictions from other malefics. Organized groups of special interests or organized crime may attempt an overthrow of the presidency, or the executive head may commit crimes against humanity through extreme acts of war. The Sun/Pluto affliction can result in genocide committed against peoples or their governments and complete overthrow and possession of their ancestral lands.

v If the Sun is in aspect to Uranus, then the president or other government head may go against his party, or may lodge a revolution against its oppressor. The executive head may have to deal with sudden disasters such as airline crashes, or weather disasters such as earthquakes and tornadoes. There may be insurrection, insurgency, or mutiny committed, or the leader may commit acts of treason while in office.

v If the Sun is involved with Neptune, then the leader of the country may not have a clear vision for the country’s future, may be confused as to his executive duties, maybe overly influenced by religious belief systems or fanatics, or he may encounter severe illness and thus be unable to carry out his official duties. Sun/Neptune afflictions may indicate that the executive head has overly utopian ideas for an ideal society and will be overly inclined toward socialism. Extreme afflictions by other malefics to the Sun, in addition to that of Neptune, can result in deception, fraud, blackmail, or subversion. The ruler may also deceive his people or perpetrate exaggerated hopes or expectations, none of which could ever be realized. These kinds of afflictions to the Sun and Neptune will also be found in the charts of religious cult leaders promising utopian outcomes to innocent and naïve followers.

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v Plots against, or asserted by the government itself result from the nodes afflicting the Sun, or if a solar eclipse in the mundane chart falls on key angular positions such as the ascendant/descendant axis, or the Midheaven/IC axis.

The above are but a few examples of how planets and planetary combinations may play out in the charts of countries. More details will naturally evolve out of future researches on this topic.

Criteria for Judging Mundane Charts

Mundane charts may be judged in much the same way as natal charts, except with the view that the chart under inspection is of a country or involves masses of people. Thus many of the rules concerning chart interpretation will differ in the above ways, although there are some other methods of determination that can be used as well. Among these, the Drekkana chart and varga charts linked to it such as Navamsa, Dwadasamsa, and Shastamsa charts can be very useful in seeing how the details of a mundane chart will play out.

Drekkana Chart and Vargas related to it: Navamsa, Dwadasamsa, and Shastamsa Chart n his Jaimini Sutras, Maharshi Jaimini gives some key indications regarding the use of Drekkana (1/3 rd division charts) in detecting disease and other evils. “Disease and other evils are seen from the Rasi, Trimsamsa, and Kauluka [Shastamsa]. The word “sva” is used, implying Lagna, Navamsa, Drekkana and Dwadasamsa. 4 There are some key directives given in this sutra to the use of Drekkana in the matter of not only disease, but other forms of attack against the physical well‐being of the population in general, such as terrorism, natural disasters, etc. as are being discussed in this article. We may view the Drekkana chart in the following ways, and thus see how the other varga charts mentioned above are interlocked with it:

Each Drekkana consists of 10° of arc, and thus there are three within one rasi. There are special nomenclatures which define different Drekkanas, and these will be given shortly. v Each Navamsa covers 3°20’ of arc, and thus there are three Navamsas within each

Drekkana, with each of these repeating cyclically three times. The first Navamsa is always a moveable rasi and represents minerals (Dhatu); the 2 nd Navamsa in each Drekkana is a fixed rasi and represents Moola, or the plant‐vegetation kingdom; and the third Navamsa within each rasi is Jiva and represents the living beings, whether human beings, animals, etc. The Amsa Deities for the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd Navamsa are Deva (Divine), Manushya (Human), and Raksasa (Demonic) respectively.

v Planets placed in these Navamsas can give hints as to who is responsible for an attack in a mundane chart, or what its origins are. A malefic planet causing harm in the chart may represent covert operations or a conspiracy, for example if placed in the 3 rd Navamsa of its Drekkana, as this belongs to the human as well as Raksasa category. Or, if there is an epidemic, it may have been due to a virus originating in the plant kingdom if the afflicted

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Jaimini Sutram 3.3.59‐69

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planet is placed in the 2 nd Navamsa. Other delineations can be made from planets in other Navamsas.

v Each Dwadasamsa consists of 2°30’ of arc, and thus there are four Dwadasamsas within one Drekkana, and these repeating cyclically three times. Each of these is ruled respectively by Aswini Kumaras, Ganesh, Yama, and Ahi (Sarpa). Planets causing affliction in the mundane chart can also be traced to their origins with clues as to which Dwadasamsa they are placed in. The most harmful ones here are the 3 rd and 4 th Dwadasamsas in each of three Drekkanas, as

death is implied by Yama, or someone intending to kill; Sarpa is the serpent who works silently and clandestinely until it strikes its target. The Yama division may imply that the perpetrator respects his government or country, but wants to kill or harm a specific classification of its population. Afflicted planets in the Sarpa Dwadasamsa indicate persons who will hate everybody and thus seek to overthrow the

entire government, such as extremists or terrorist from outside the country.

Maharshi Jaimini teaches that Kauluka and Trimsamsa are very important in detecting disease and these can also be used in seeing the origins of ills perpetrated upon a country in a mundane chart.

Kauluka, or the Shastamsa, is the 6 th division chart, and covers 5 even degrees of arc in a sign. Thus within one Drekkana, there are 2 Kaulukas, and within an entire rasi, there are six. The first Kauluka of its Drekkana implies diseases which are internal in the physical body. In the case of a mundane chart, afflicted and malefic planets in the 1 st Kauluka represent internal forces perpetrating ills against the government. Thus a coup or conspiracy may be indicated. The 2 nd Kauluka represents external causes for a disease, but in the case of countries, forces from outside the government are the perpetrators.

Trimsamsas are 5 uneven divisions of a sign and each of these belongs to each of five tattvas in order as, Agni (fire, 0 to 5°), Vayu (air, 5 to 10°), Indra (Ether, 10 to 18°) Kubera (earth, 18 to 25°), Varuna (water, 25 to 30°). This order is reversed in the case of even signs. Tattvas thus being associated with malefic planets, or “planets of harm” as they are referred to in the Prasna Marga, may also give clues as to the origins, as well as the outcome of factors in the mundane chart. For example, if a planet causing harm in the mundane chart is in the 2 nd Trimsamsa (air) attacks may come in the form of missiles or bombs; if in the last Trimsamsa (water), attacks could come from the seas, etc.

Drekkanas: Their Classifications and Nomenclatures

In addition to indicating the part of the physical body which may be afflicted by diseases, Drekkanas are given very important assignments or classifications by both Parasara and Jaimini, and these are very important in analyzing mundane charts. Different classifications of Drekkanas may be summarized as follows:

Sarpa (serpent) Drekkanas: Planets in these Drekkanas can be very dangerous when instigating attacks or evils in a mundane chart. They are the 2 nd and 3 rd of Cancer; 1 st and 2 nd of Scorpio, and 3 rd of Pisces.

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v Ayudha Drekkanas, Male and Female: Ayudha refers to “weapons” and refers to

humans, both males and females. Malefic and afflicted planets in the mundane chart in Ayudha Drekkanas may indicate an attack by way of any kinds of weapons. Which kinds of weapons may be determined from the Trimsamsa positions as indicated above. 5

v Sarpa (serpent) Drekkanas: Planets in these Drekkanas can be very dangerous when instigating attacks or evils in a mundane chart. They are the 2 nd and 3 rd of Cancer; 1 st and 2 nd of Scorpio, and 3 rd of Pisces.

v Chatushpada (quadruped) Drekkanas: These are “animal” Drekkanas. Malefic planets seen in them within the context of mundane charts can indicate that the attacks or evil come by way of animals. Thus, attacks by soldiers on horseback, use of canine (dogs), or attacks by animals themselves such as lions, tigers, etc. on remote villages for example can be observed.

v Pakshi (bird) Drekkanas: Biological warfare may be exacted by unleashing the “bird flu,” or chemical weapons attacking from the air, are examples of how attacks via malefic planets may play out in mundane charts.

Khara and Mrityu Drekkanas

he sign which is placed in the 8 th house of the Drekkana chart is called Khara, and it has the capacity to inflict maximum harm in the case of planets placed in them. The Kharesh, or lord of the 22 nd Drekkana is similarly found to instigate harm in maximum ways, and this will especially be true when it is further afflicted or involved in malefic yogas. The signs which are in trines to the sign of the 22 nd Drekkana (in the rasi chart) are called Mrtyu (death) Drekkanas, and are also very dangerous in consideration of afflicted and malefic planets placed in them.

Similar warnings are given in Jyotish classics regarding the 64 th Navamsas from the lagna or Moon (4 th house from Navamsa lagna and Moon’s Navamsa respectively), and these should also be watched carefully when planets rule or occupy them in mundane as well as natal charts.

Rudra and Mahesvar

Planets designated as Rudra and Mahesvar are very dangerous in consideration of the physical well‐being and longevity of a native in the natal charts, as well as country’s or governments in mundane charts. Maharshi Jaimini defines these as follows: 6

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Details on which Drekkanas are assigned to which categories are given in classical literatures, but for faster reference, the following is an excellent article: Drekkana (Decanate), by G.K. Goel, in Varga Chakra, edited by Sanjay Rath, Sagar Publications. The Drekkana and other varga Deities, as well as divisions and special classifications are given in most leading Jyotish software programs. Those found in Jagannatha Hora 7.32 (http://www.VedicAstrologer.org/) are especially easy to use and complete references are given for each therein.

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Jaimini Sutram 2.1.36 ‐ 2.1.48

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Rudra: The Rudra graha is the stronger lord of the 2 nd and 8 th houses. In some cases, the weaker of these may become Rudra if it is aspected by many malefics. In terms of strengths (graha balas), take the 1 st source of strength as applicable and as given by Maharshi Jaimini. 7 Mahesvar: The lord of the 8 th from the Atmakaraka is Mahesvar. Some riders to this rule are given as follows:

1. If the 8 th lord from AK is in the 8 th itself, then the lord of the 12 th therefrom becomes Mahesvar instead.

2. If the 8 th lord is exalted or in own sign, then the stronger lord between the 8 th and 12 th from AK becomes Mahesvar.

3. If Rahu or Ketu is in the 1 st or 8 th from AK, then the lord of the 6 th (8 th lord taken in reverse zodiacal order) becomes Mahesvar.

4. If Rahu or Ketu becomes Mahesvar, then (a) Rahu is replaced by Mercury as Mahesvar; while (b) Ketu is replaced by Jupiter.

In Ayur Jyotish, Rudra and Mahesvar play very key roles in the timing of death of an individual. Signs or planets in trine to them inflict death during their Shoola dasas, while operative dashas of these planets as per Vimsottari or other naksatra dashas are very dangerous for life and longevity. Transits of malefics, especially the Nodes, Saturn, and Mars to the natal positions of Rudra or Mahesvar; or transits of Rudra and/or Mahesvar to afflicted planets, rasis, Drekkanas, or other Vargas are similarly dangerous.

Timing Methods in Mundane Charts

Vimsottari or other naksatra dashas calculated from Mandi’s naksatra, or from the Trisphuta 8 naksatra, can be effectively used to time illness or death in the case of individuals; or, violent attacks perpetrated by governments or radicals in the case of mundane charts.

Narayana dasa (Padakrama dasa) is especially valuable in timing the results indicated in national or mundane charts, and is applicable for all areas of concern. Similarly, Shoola dasa can be used effectively for these purposes.

It is important to note that dasha periods should be proportionately compressed to the year length, or Paramayus of the country. As

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Jaimini Sutram 2.3.6 ‐ 2.3.12

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Prasna Marga, 5.17‐18: Trisphuta is the sign and degree arising from the addition of longitudes of the Ascendant, the Moon, and Gulika. Adding the Sun’s longitude to Trisphuta gives Chathusphuta; adding Rahu’s degree to Chathusphuta gives Panchasphuta. Vimsottari dasas calculated for the naksatra of all three of these leaves open a fertile field for research in timing the results of mundane charts.

Finally, Jupiter occupies a Trimsamsa of Varuna (Jala, or watery), and thus the attackers came by way of boat and proceeded from the beach into the city.

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mentioned previously, the chart of a nation, or of other corporate entity, should be re‐drawn after a period of 144 years. Dasha periods for such charts therefore need not be compressed; rather the full Paramayus of such charts should be used. In the case of Vimsottari dasa, the full Paramayus is 120 years; for Ashtottari dasa, it is 108 years; for Yogini dasa, it is 36 years; and, for Rasi dashas, it is 144 years.

The chart calculated for the taking of official oath taken by the President or Prime Minster (swearing in chart), should be compressed for the period of office allowed for that official. For example, the swearing in chart of the president of the United States is compressed for 4 years, which is the length of one term of office; or, a lunar New Year chart or solar ingress chart should be compressed for the period elapsing between such events and the same events the following year (usually this is about 1 year).