2. INTRODUCCIÓN
2.6 Tratamiento del esófago de Barrett
2.6.4 Esófago de Barrett con displasia de alto grado/carcinoma in situ
This move, more than any other, offers chances of an opening advan tage without taking risks.
Two pieces are released at once, and a pawn occupies a central square, as with 1 e4, but extra benefits ac crue from 1 d4:
• The d-pawn is protected and safe
from immediate attack.
• White is not exposed to the threats
to his f2-pawn, which often arise in king's pawn openings. His con trol of c5 makes it impossible for Black to develop his dark-squared bishop at c5 to attack the vulnera ble f2-pawn.
1 ... d5
The simplest way to prevent White from dominating the centre with 2 e4 next move.
2 c4
The characteristic move of the Queen's Gambit. The versatile c pawn does many things. Three of these things are concerned with do ing away with Black's centre:
• It offers itself in exchange, so that
Black may be lured into accepting a side pawn in return for his centre pawn.
• It threatens, when the right mo
ment comes, to destroy Black's centre by capturing the d-pawn.
• It exerts constant pressure on the
d-pawn, so that Black is kept oc cupied with its protection.
Besides all this, the move of the c-pawn assures that the c-file is kept free and clear for the convenience of White's major pieces, while a path way is opened for the queen, leading to the queenside.
2 ••• e6
Black strengthens the position of his centre pawn. In the event that White plays 3 cxd5, he is ready to re capture with a pawn and thus main tain a pawn in the centre of the board. This is Black's safest defence, even though it does limit the scope of his c8-bishop.
3 ttlf3
This is an excellent move, though not so sharp as 3 ttlc3, which adds pressure to the attack on Black's d pawn. Either move complies with an injunction particularly applicable in queen's pawn openings:
Develop all the pieces as quickly as possible!
"The main principle in the open ings," says Capablanca, "is rapid and efficient development." (The italics are his.)
3 ••• ttlf6
Black's knight moves in toward the centre, attacks the e4-square and adds its weight to the protection of d5.
It is good policy to mobilize the kingside pieces first, since only two of them need be developed to make castling possible.
188 Game 27: Chekhover - Rudakovsky
4 i.g5
A powerful move! The bishop is developed and a restraining hand is put on the enemy knight. There is no immediate threat in the move - White just 'threatens to threaten' .
4 ... i.e7
The proper way to unpin a knight. The inexperienced player often grows impatient and drives the bishop off by 4 ... h6 5 i.h4 g5 6 i.g3 only to find that he has ruined the pawn po sition on the kingside as a result of his violent action.
5 e3 (D)
White strengthens his pawn-centre and frees the light-squared bishop for action.
5 0-0
Black gets his king into safety be fore revealing his plans for the de velopment of the queenside pieces. His b8-knight may go to d7, or fol lowing an attack on White's centre, perhaps to c6.
6 lLlc3
White has no such problems. His queen's knight can move to c3, since it does not obstruct the c-pawn and the opening of the c-file. At c3 the
knight takes an active part in the struggle for control of the centre.
6 ... lLlbd7 (D)
This knight must never be devel oped at c6 before the c-pawn is moved. The pawn must be free, ei ther to advance to c5 and fight for equal rights in the centre or to move one square to c6 where it bolsters Black's own centre. But the pawn must not be obstructed by ... lLlc6!
The development by 6 ... lLlbd7 is stronger than appears at first glance. Black's position is cramped for the moment, but the knight is ready to support a liberating movement and an attack on White's centre by ... c5 or ... e5.
7 'ili'c2
A magnificent square for White's queen ! From c2, the queen exerts her powerful influence in several direc tions: on the partly open c-file and on the centre, preventing Black from freeing himself by 7 ... lLle4. This at tempt to force some exchanges and shake off the pressure is refuted by (after 7 ... lLle4) 8 i.xe7 'iWxe7 9 cxd5 lLlxc3 (if 9 ... exd5, then 10 lLlxd5 wins on the spot) 10 'i!Vxc3 exd5 1 1
fixe? fib4+ 12 fic3, and White has won a pawn.
Another feature of7 fic2 is that it vacates d l for the queen's rook, whose presence on the same file as Black's queen will discourage the opponent from making a break in the centre. Exchanges of pawns in the centre would clear away some of the obstructions and intensify the rook's pressure on the file - a pressure which reaches all the way up the file to the queen.
7 ... c6
This move provides solid support to the centre pawn and gives the queen access to the queenside. It looks substantial enough, but the more ag gressive 7 ... c5, disputing control of the centre by establishing a state of tension there, might be more to the point. The danger in delaying ... c5 is that Black may never again have a favourable opportunity to get in this thrust.
8 .i.d3
White develops a fifth piece, pointing it at Black's kingside, and is ready to castle instantly on either wing.
8 ... dxc4
Black waited for White to move his fl-bishop before making this cap ture. Otherwise, the bishop recap tures and develops at the same time. Black's intention, in clearing d5, is to swing his knight over to that square, force some exchanges, and free his cramped position.
Nevertheless, Black has surren dered the pawn-centre, which he so carefully built up.
9 .i.xc4 (D)
Moscow 1945 189
White is content with the result of the pawn exchange. Lines are opened which increase the mobility of his pieces.
9 lbd5
Obviously to compel White to ex change bishops.
10 .i.xe7
This is safer than 10 .i.f4 lbxf4 1 1 exf4, when White is left with an iso lated d-pawn. The pawn itself is in no great danger, but the d5-square, directly in front of it, is! It is in dan ger of being occupied indefinitely by one of Black's pieces. A piece stationed on a square in front of an isolated pawn can never be driven off by enemy pawns.
10 ... "fixe7
The proper recapture, letting the queen come into play; taking with the knight would be developing backwards.
11 0-0
The king finds a safer shelter while the rooks get in touch with each other.
White's position is excellent, the result of simple straightforward de velopment.
190 Game 27: Chekhover - Rudakovsky
1 1 ... b5
A shot at the bishop, to force its retreat. Meanwhile, Black gains time for the development of his own bishop.
12 i.e2
The bishop withdraws - but not to d3, where an attack by 12 .. . lLlb4 en
ables Black to bring about an ex change of knight for bishop. White wants to preserve the bishop, which has excellent prospects for attack when it emerges later at d3 or f3.
[Editor's Note: 12 fLlxd5 exd5 13
i.d3 wins an important pawn for nothing - brutal but effective.]
12 a6 (D)
The usual manoeuvre of protect ing the b-pawn, so that the c-pawn is free to attack White's centre. If Black can get in 13 ... c5 he will still have a respectable game.
13 l0e4!
Uncovering an attack! The queen threatens the c-pawn, while the knight restrains it from advancing to c5. White's idea is to prevent the indis pensable freeing move ... c5 forever and then barricade Black completely by planting a piece at c5.
13 ... i.b7
Black protects the pawn by devel oping another piece.
14 fOeS! (D)
Very fine strategy! Before settling a piece on c5, White plays to get rid of one of the guardians of that square, Black's knight at d7. If he plays 14 l0c5 at once, then 14 ... lLlxc5 15 'iWxc5 'iixc5 16 dxc5 leaves him with a pawn occupying c5. This does not have the same effect as a piece standing on that square. A pawn is immobile and does little to restrain the opponent, but a piece radiates power in all directions and has a ter ribly cramping effect on the enemy's movements in the whole surround ing area.
14 ... l:tac8
Developing another piece and de fending the pawn which was at tacked by two pieces.
Black did not care for the ex change 14 ... fLlxe5 15 dxe5. White could then anchor his remaining knight at d6, follow up by planting his queen at c5, and throttle Black thoroughly.
Removing one of the pieces guard ing the vital c5-square ...
15 ... 'ii'xd7 (D)
... and luring the other one away !
16 ltlcS!
With the domination of this square, White's advantage is decisive in the strategic sense. What remains is to exploit his superior position, to translate it into actual victory, and this process of consummating the win is one of the most fascinating parts of chess.
16 ... 'ii'c7
Both queen and bishop were at tacked, so the queen stays near the bishop.
17 l:tfd1
The practice of the masters has shown that rooks are most efficient when they control open files.
Suppose there are no open files? Then the rooks should be placed on partly open files, or on files likely to be opened.
Suppose none of those seem to exist? Then the rooks should be brought to the centre, to exert pres sure on the centre files.
But the rooks must be developed!
Moscow 1945 191
17 ... l:tcd8
There are various reasons for this move:
The rook has no future on the c file while the pawn at c6 impedes its movements (and there is little pros pect of the pawn coming to life).
The rook vacates c8 for the bishop. The bishop cannot stay in definitely at b7, where it is ham pered by the c-pawn, and where the queen is tied down to its defence.
18 .l:.acl
White's incidental threat of win ning a pawn by 19 ltlxb7 'ii'xb7 20 'ii'xc6 is subordinate to the strategic concept of intensifying the pressure on the c-file.
18 ... i.c8 (D)
Black parries the threat of 19 ltlxb7 and frees his queen from the job of watching over the bishop. Now he can speculate on getting some counterplay by the break 19 ... e5.
19 'ii'e4!
Magnificent centralization by the
queen, who prevents 19 ... e5 (when
that pawn would be simply snapped up) and prepares to switch over for a kingside attack.
192 Game 27: Chekhover - Rudakovsky
19 ... .!tJf6
The knight, best defender of the castled position, returns to f6, inci dentally with an attack on the queen. Against other moves White could play 20 i.d3, threatening 2 1 'i!Vxh?#. This would compel either a retreat by the knight or a weakening advance of one of Black's kingside pawns.
20 'i!Vh4 (D)
The queen evades the knight's threat and swings over to the king side to get an attack rolling against the king.
20 'it' aS
Black tries counterattack on the queenside - mostly to distract his opponent's attention. There is little he can do to strengthen the defence of his kingside. Any move of a pawn only loosens the position and re duces his chances of resistance. The break in the centre by 20 ... e5, which he contemplated making, is risky, to say the least, as 21 'i!Vg3 in reply, pin ning the pawn, is troublesome.
21 a3
The simplest way to save the a pawn and to keep the queen from moving to b4.
21 ... b4
Hoping to disrupt White's queen side by continuing with 22 ... bxa3.
22 a4 (D)
White avoids any exchanges that might let the queen set foot in his ter ritory.
22 .!tJd7
Trying to shake off the grip of the knight, which is strangling his queen side to death. If he waits too long, White pursues his attack with 23 i.d3, followed by 24 g4 (to dislodge the knight which guards against mate). After the compulsory reply 24 ... h6, White plays 25 g5, forcing an exchange of pawns which opens the g-file. White can then shift his king to h1 and swing a rook over to attack on the open file. Against this, Black could not hold out very long.
23 b3
Defending the a-pawn, and so re lieving the knight of that task.
23 •.. ltJxcS
There is hardly anything better. The tempting 23 ... e5 succumbs to 24 .!tJxd? i.xd? 25 .::tc5 'fie? 26 .::txe5, when White has won a pawn.
The exchange of knights results in White's substituting another piece at c5, maintaining his grip on the po sition.
24 ... 'il'b6 (D)
Preferable to 24 .. .'ii'c7, when the attack might proceed thus: 25 .l:.dcl i.b7 (to protect both the c-pawn and the a-pawn) 26 a5 (to isolate the b pawn by preventing 26 ... a5), and White follows up by 27 .l:. l c4 and 28 .l:.xb4.
25 .l:.dcl
Doubling rooks on an open file more than doubles the pressure on the file (and on the opponent). White's immediate threat is 26 .l:.xc6.
25 ... i.b7
The bishop guards both light squared pawns, but its mobility is al most nil.
The subject of mobility is inter esting. While it is not always true that the player whose pieces have more room in which to manoeuvre enjoys an advantage, it applies often enough in practice for us to disre gard the exceptional cases. It stands to reason that pieces that are free and untrammelled not only have more
Moscow 1945 193
striking power in the portion of the board they occupy, but they also control and limit the activities of the enemy. Add to this the ease with which they can reach other parts of the board, and you can see the ad vantages to be derived from the abil ity to move freely about.
Let us compare all the moves the pieces on each side can make. We are not evaluating their worth, whether good, bad or indifferent. What we want to see is the range of their ac tion. White Black King 2 King 1 Queen 12 Queen 5 c l-Rook 8 f8-Rook 1 c5-Rook 1 1 d8-Rook 8 Bishop 9 Bishop 2 Total 42 Total 1 7
White's pieces are 250% as effi cient as Black's! With so great a dis parity in mobility (and consequently in attacking force) how long can Black continue the struggle?
26 aS
In order to isolate Black's b pawn, and incidentally drive the queen back to the second rank.
26 ... "ila7 (D)
On the alternative 26 ... 'ii'c7 White can either resume operations on the kingside or go after a pawn on the queenside by 27 i.f3 .l:.d6 28 .l:.lc4 followed by 29 .l:.xb4. Winning the
194 Game 27: Chekhover - Rudakovsky
pawn will not diminish the force of White's attack or loosen his grip on the position.
27 �d3!
Now that the queenside is fixed, White turns his attention to the kingside and threatens mate on the move. Black can easily dispose of this threat, but only by moving one of the pawns near his king and thereby creating a weakness which is or ganic, permanent and irremediable!
27 ... g6
If 27 ... h6, then 28 'ii'e4 forces 28 ... g6, when two pawns have been uprooted. White could then continue by 29 .l:h5 rl;g7 (if 29 ... gxh5, then 30 'ii'h7#, or if 29 ... <i;h7, then 30 'ii'f4 wins) 30 'ii'e5+ f6 (or 30 ... <i;h7, when the neat double pin 3 1 'ii'g5 wins) 3 1 'ii'g3 g5 (if 3 l ...f5, then 32 'ili'e5+ �h7 33 'ili'c7+ <i;g8 34 .l:xh6 wins) 32 .l:xh6! 'iii>xh6 33 'ii'h3+ 'iii>g7 34 'ii'h7#.
A simpler way, if White doesn 't want to bother analysing combina tions, is to maintain the pressure and then apply more! For instance, after 27 ... h6 28 'ili'e4 g6, instead of play ing 29 .l:h5 White could advance 29
h4, threatening to break up the pawns by 30 h5. If Black replies 29 ... h5 to stop the advance, White can either snap the h-pawn off with his rook or keep hammering away by 30 g4 hxg4 31 h5.
After the actual move, Black has weaknesses on the dark squares and holes in his position.
28 'ii'f6! (D)
The queen plants herself securely in one of the holes created by Black's ... g6 advance. A hole is an unguarded square such as f6 or h6 brought into being by the advance of a nearby pawn. It is a weak square, because it is no longer under the surveillance of a pawn and is vulnerable to inva sion by an enemy piece. Such a piece can settle itself comfortably in one of these holes, secure in the knowledge that no enemy pawn can disturb it.
White's plan, now that the queen has worked her way into a dominat ing position on the kingside, is clas sical in its simplicity: he will just advance the h-pawn to h4, h5 and h6, and then play 'ii'g7#. If, after the pawn reaches h5, it is captured en
route, then mate by the rook is the instant punishment.
28 ... l:td6
Black vacates d8, so that his queen can return to that square and chal lenge White's. In chess language: if 29 h4 'iia8 30 h5 'iid8, White's queen must leave f6 and forego the threat of mate.
29 'iie7 (D)
An attack on the exposed rook, so that Black will have his hands full warding off the accumulating threats. Black has three problems, each on a different part of the board:
1) on the kingside, he must guard against being 'mated;
2) on the queenside, he must re lease himself from White's strangle hold;
3) in the middle, he must rescue any pieces that are loose.
29 ... l:lfd8
If instead 29 ... 'iib8, 30 ..te4 l:tc8 3 1 h4 'iic7 32 'ii'f6 'iid8 33 'iixd8+ followed by either 34 ..txc6 or 34 .l:r.1c4, with an easy, routine win.
30 h4
White is still aiming for mate by h5, h6 and 'iif6.
Moscow 1 945 195
30 ... l:t8d7
The queen must be evicted. Black does not play 30 ... l:t6d7 as he wants the first rank and the d8-square avail able to his own queen.
31 'iif6
The danger of mate becomes more acute!
31 ... 'iia8 (D)
Only by a retreat can Black's queen rush to the rescue!
If Black tries 3 1 . .. l:td5 to stop 32 h5, White effects the advance by first dislodging the rook with 32 ..te4.
32 i.e4!
Not at once 32 h5 because of 32 ... 'iid8 in reply. After the text move (which incidentally prevents 32 ... l:td5) White can meet 32 ... 'ii'd8 by exchanging queens and taking the c-pawn, winning easily if prosai cally.
32 ... 'ii'e8
Hoping to lure White into the pre mature 33 ..txc6, when 33 ... ..txc6 34 l:txc6 l:lxc6 35 l:lxc6 l:lxd4 re gains the pawn and gives him fight ing chances.
196 Game 27: Chekhover - Rudakovsky
Each step the pawn makes in creases the danger to Black's king. The pawn is headed for h6, where it will settle itself firmly in the other hole in Black's position.
33 ... .Ud8 (D)
The rook withdraws, so that the c-pawn may have the added protec tion of the queen.
The fact that Black is kept busy warding off threats on both sides of the board is the clue to the next move, which presents Black with an insolu ble problem (the hardest kind to face).
34 i.xc6!
Removing a pawn that is appar ently adequately protected. As will be seen, though, one of its defenders is overworked. The queen not only has to guard this point ( c6) and the rook at d8, but must also keep an eye out for mate threats on the king.
34 ... i.xc6
Black must take the bishop or lose some material, since two pieces are attacked.
35 h6!
A zwischenzug, an in-between move, that threatens instant mate.
35 .. . 'iitf8
On the alternative defence by 35 ... 'ir'f8 the win is forced with 36 l:txc6 (threatening 37 .Uxd6 l:txd6 38 .l:r.c8 'ir'xc8 39 'ir'g7#) 36 ... 'ir'xh6 37 l:txd6 l:txd6 38 l:tc8+ and Black must give up his queen.
36 l:txc6
White has regained his piece and now threatens 37 l:txd6 l:txd6 38 .Uc8 'ir'xc8 39 'i!t'h8+, winning the queen.
36 ... l:txc6
There is not much choice: if Black plays 36 ... 'ir'd7 (to meet 37 l:txd6 with 37 ... 'ir'xd6), then 37 .Uc7 'i!t'e8 38 'i!t'g7#.
37 l:txc6
White gets his rook back and pre