Exposició i discussió dels codis inferencials

The European Union’s commitment to multilateralism has been gradually consolidated as a defining principle of its foreign policy identity. The European Commission Communication

152

from 9th of September, 2003,’The European Union and the United Nations: The choice of multilateralism’ underlines Europe’s attachment to multilateralism – and to the United Nations, as the pivot of the multilateral system and highlighted two aspects, in particular, of the EU’s contribution to the effectiveness of multilateral legal instruments and commitments established under UN auspices that could be further developed: “First, the EU’s ability to act as a ‘front-runner’ in developing and implementing multilateral instruments and commitments. And second, support, where necessary, for the capacity of other countries to implement their multilateral commitments effectively”. The communication also stated the need to lay the foundations for a wider EU-UN partnership going beyond development and to build co-operation in peace, security: conflict prevention, crisis management, peace-keeping and peace-building.

The UN stated that strengthening the UN relationship with regional and other intergovernmental organisations was a critical part of the effort to reform the UN. The Joint Statement issued at the end of the meeting concluded that a more structured relationship between the UN and regional and other intergovernmental organisations needs to be developed “creating a truly interlocking system that guarantees greater coordination in both policy and action. This partnership should build on the comparative strengths of each organization” (Bolfíková – Hrehová, 2009, p. 111). To that end, a number of specific organisational measures were put forward, such as creating a Standing Committee and setting future meetings -now on an annual basis – to coincide with the meetings that the Security Council holds with regional organisations. In order to increase co-ordination, it was decided to identify one high-level official in each organisation for the purpose of liaising with the United Nations and with one another. Also, following the several sets of proposals aiming to reform the functioning of the United Nations put forward by the High-Level Panel December 2004 report to the Secretary-General ‘A more effective United Nations for the twenty-first century’ have been discussed at the September 2005 World Summit, which has taken up the idea of a stronger relationship between the UN and regional and subregional organizations pursuant to Chapter VIII of the Charter. The EU has actively participated to the High-Level Meetings but, given the current state-based representation in the Security Council, its proactive role as a regional security organization at the UN remains still limited. An EU seat in the Security Council would be a significant step in that direction. If the EU consolidates this trend as an emerging ‘third generation’ regional organisation it could play a crucial role in the debate regarding UN reform during the next decade. The EU should lead efforts to set a global approach for introducing systems for levies and taxes on financial institutions with a view to maintaining a world-wide level playing field and will strongly defend this position with its G20 partners. The introduction of a global financial transaction tax should be explored and developed further in that context.

With a view to the Toronto Summit, the European Council confirms the orientations agreed by the Council and reflected in the Terms of Reference prepared for the Busan Ministerial Meeting. Given the major risks that late exit from extraordinary fiscal stimulus would entail for public accounts' sustainability, the G20 should agree on a coordinated and differentiated exit strategy to ensure sustainable public finances. All major economies need to do their part to achieve the agreed objective of a strong, sustainable and balanced growth. The G20 must reaffirm its commitment to the reform of the financial system and make rapid progress in a consistent and coordinated manner on the whole range of actions agreed upon in Pittsburgh, to strengthen the resilience and transparency of our financial system, including through better quality additional capital and new liquidity buffer. In the IMF, quotas should be reviewed as part of a wider package of IMF governance issues, covering all elements

153

agreed in Pittsburgh and Istanbul, and be completed, as a single and comprehensive package by 2011.

The forthcoming UN High Level Plenary Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals constitutes a unique opportunity to strengthen our collective endeavours and our partnerships with developing countries to eliminate global poverty, hunger and inequality. The conclusions adopted by the Council on 14 June 2010 provide the European Union with a strong position for this meeting. The European Union remains determined to support the achievement of the MDGs globally by 2015. This is possible if all partners demonstrate firm political commitment, implement necessary policy changes and take concrete action. The European Union calls on the High Level Plenary Meeting to agree on concrete actions aimed at: increasing ownership by developing countries; focusing efforts; improving the impact of policies; mobilising more and predictable financing for development, including innovative sources of financing; and making more effective use of development resources. The European Council reaffirms its commitment to achieve development aid targets by 2015 as set out in its June 2005 conclusions. The European Council agrees to return to this annually on the basis of a report by the Council.