Factores socio-ambientales e interpersonales en el centro escolar (aula de

The very factors that initiated the diverse scrambles for self preservation are also in various degrees present in the problems of ethnicity and tribalism. These events brought to the fore distinct suspicion and hedges. In reality, ethnicity or tribalism is an aspect of security and self preservation. For instance, any close watcher of events in Nigeria will discover that the call for more states was noticed to have become more stringent after the Nigeria/Biafra civil war.

Reviewing the events of the war that looked like ‘ethnic cleansing,’ other ethnic groups were alarmed and knowing that they do not have the muscle and the scenerio to enact another seccession, started calling for states of their own, in the hope that common origin, culture and language will be among the major determinants for the creation of more states, so that the states with common background can build a form of hedge to preserve themselves, achieving

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the same objective which the gun have not yet availed the agitators of Biafra. Even those in power feel threatened explaining whythey usually infuse the agencies and organs responsible for the security of the country with their tribesmen, thereby indirectly ensuring the safety of themselves and their tribes. Sometimes the question of marginalization is an attempt to self protect,as to remove threat to their persons, tribe and loved ones. The issue of quota system in civil service and higher institutions admission that created room for mediocrity, stem from this situation. The over all consequences of this type of situation, have never been wonderful for any country that practice it, this is not the way we should go, for it is very destructive, not good forthe citizens and not good for democracy.

It is unfortunate that Nigeria still emphasise ethnicity and tribalism and not nation- hood.

Regionalizm has the same effect as tribalism and ethnicism. Nigeria was initially divided into two regions: Northern and Southern regions. Later three regions were created: the Northern, Western and Eastern regions; later the fourth region was added, Midwestern region. When it comes to political issues, our Northern brothers would want a straight line North and South division, because it gives them the advantage numerically. Not being from the Northern or Southern region in Nigeria is like being pronounced an alien. The Northerners are afraid of the South, because they feel that the Southerners social and economic way of life will destroy their religiously based way of life. The Southerners themselves are afraid of the North, because they feel that Northern numerical strength will keep them permanently out of political power. So they view each other suspiciously and will do anything to twart or jettison the political idea or view of the other, irrespective of how wonderful such views may be.

This, in no way, helps the endurance and growth of democracy.

We have often wondered whether we still have national leaders like: Azikiwe, Aminu kano, late Yar ‘Adua and lately, Goodluck Jonathan. There are many leaders but few have been found to resemble the description of a national leader. Experience has shown that being the

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President or Head of state of Nigeria, does not, patriotism wise, qualify the occupier of the post as a national leader. This is because some of the occupiers’ loyalties are first and foremost to the ethnic groups they are from, then to their religious ideologyandlastly to the country. For instance, in this Buhari's regime, all the heads of the critical ministries and parastatals are his tribe’s men and religious associates. The remaining ministries are still heavily tilted in favour of the Northerners, and he has not stopped short changing other parts of the country to still install his tribe’s men. Somebody called him, ‘the Nigeria president of the North’. In his first coming as a military junta, he displayed the same trait. The power he welds that enabled him to do whatever he likes explains the ‘do or die’ jostling for the executive arm of government; this trait is mostly typical of Presidents of Northern extraction.

They often hide under a trump up charge of the past President’s marginalization of the North.

This claim has never been supported by any fact.

Then, we come to the issue of encouraging innovations from other tribes. The problem of tribalism has become so gross in Nigeria that inventions meant to move the country forward are discriminated against to their non implementation. The various countries of the world developed from the innovations of their private sector. The age of the industrial revolution in Europe did not come from governments’ stables but from the private sector. The advantages of such innovations are what developed Europe and other parts of the world. But in Nigeria, because the innovation is not coming from the President's tribe’s men or women, it is killed or discouraged with smirting remarks or simply ignored. For instance, where is 'Bongo motors,' an indigenous technology that produced the first Nigeria car; or the mechanic who used vesper engine to build what flew up on its own like a helicopter in Aba, Abia state.

Where is the Biafria Ogbunigwe (mass killer) and other war inventions. Neccesity they say is, the mother of invention. Where are the inventions by other tribes in Nigeria?

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Where is the cure for AIDS invented or discovered in Nigeria by Nigerian – doctors Abraka and later Abdulahi Jacob. The scourge of ethnicity and tribalism and professional envy denied the victms of the dreaded disease, these possible cures. This national aberration has numerously robbed this country of good governance, self development, self actualisation and other wonderful goods encouraged by democracy. A professor from Cross River state was responsible for Ghana revitalizing her economy. Every technological advancement anywhere in the world, starts with theoretical analysis. He was first noted in the Western world; Ghana eventually invited him to direct them on what to what to do to revive their ailing economy.

They are happy they did, many countries of the world have benefited from him but Nigeria, his home country never even recognized his existence. He was a visiting lecturer to Harvard University. How can the dividends of democracy come about if we are concerned with the pulling of each other down and blocking the seed with which great nations are built?