LA FORMACIÓN DEL VÍNCULO Y EL DESARROLLO DEL APEGO

Thirty-two pieces of literature (cases) were selected for detailed analy- sis (Table 2.3 on p. 52). There are three issues related to this.

1. Which of the eight topic area/s defined above came to be focused upon?

2. Why thirty-two cases?

3. Why this particular thirty-two cases?

Topic area focused upon?

The topic area that came to the fore is that of ‘objectives or goals’ of landowners. The topic areas of ‘management planning’, ‘timber produc- tion’ and ‘farm forestry’ are, by and large, too narrowly focused in com- parison to ‘objectives or goals’, while ‘miscellaneous broad scale’, was too wide, dealing with aggregated (structural variable) data across very large areas (e.g., states). The topic of ‘personal identity’ and of ‘com- parison between landowners and non-landowners’ was included, as there was some information on objectives and goals. There is a degree of topic overlap in a number of these pieces of literature and some with a narrower topic focus (such as a farm focus only) have components dealing with objectives or goals. These were included where these ob- jectives or goals were suitably general.

Why thirty-two cases?

The number of cases was more or less predicated on what a basic search of available literature turned up within a reasonable period of

7

Naturalism: “…the belief that social phenomena are part of the natural world and accordingly amenable to the methods of the natural sciences” (Kincaid 1996: xv).

Chapter 2: Literature described

time for the size of the project8. It took around 2 days on average to analyse a case fully and then perform a synthesis (so 32 cases ana- lysed took around 64 days work) The research needed to tread a fine line between having some capacity to generalise to all the literature produced in the milieu on the topic and to understand the phenomenon under investigation as a particular process. Thus analysing only a handful of cases in a field that numbered many hundred cases (over the time period in consideration) would likely make any general comments about the research community difficult, while aiming for say one third of all cases would have placed a heavy time burden on the projects dead- lines (100 cases would take 200 days to complete in a thesis project that was only supposed to be a year long). The tactic adopted was to conduct a literature search in such databases as Current Contents,

CAB Direct, Kinetica and Web of Science, as well as on the internet with search engines and directories. The initial wide set of search terms was narrowed down to a pool of potential cases via the topic area idea discussed above. A further step was to look at all the commonly arising cases and search their reference lists until relative exhaustion of new cases occurred. Next, only cases which were straightforward to find where included (as many cases are in the grey literature of government and private organisations that are notoriously difficult to access), on the assumption that ease of access equates to increased chance of use out in the world. In the end, this left a pool of around 60 cases of which 32 were finally used as determined by the project deadlines.

Why these thirty-two cases in particular?

By and large, the 60 or so cases used represented cases that consis- tently and repeatedly came up in search patterns (many of the thirty- two cases selected have very similar material presented by their au- thors in other publications - see Appendix 4 for a listing - where this oc- curs, only one is cited and used). After the removal of duplicates,

8

As to the extent of this literature, and the need to contain the pool under assess- ment, Bliss and Martin (1989), referencing Royer (1981), stated that NIPF landown- ers "….have been the focus of nearly 200 published surveys…" (p. 601) – note that this was in 1981. For the USA, see also Hodgdon and Tyrrell’s (2003) literature re- view on family forest owners which found 72 cases (63 being between 1982-2002).

overtly similar cases and inadequately referenced or poorly presented cases, 40 odd cases remained and these where ordered roughly based on their robustness of argument/design. The projects time limit was hit at thirty-two cases. The remaining eight or so cases were left aside, al- though not before a final assessment of their dissimilarity was under- taken, in case they might violate the thesis argument. None did.

No. Year Author/s Title

1 1978 Schuster Attitudes and activities of private forest landowners in Western Montana

2 1981 Kurtz and Lewis Decision making framework for non-industrial private forest owners: An application in the Missouri Ozarks 3 1982 Tasmanian Forestry

Commission

Attitudes of Tasmanian forest owners to native forest management

4 1986 Brooks and Birch Opportunities and constraints for wildlife habitat man- agement on private forests of the Northeast

5 1986 Greene and Blatner Identifying woodland owner characteristics associated with timber management

6 1987 Young and Reichen- bach

Factors influencing the timber harvest intentions of NIPF owners

7 1988 Kingsley, Brock and DeBald

Focus group interviewing of retired West Virginia non- industrial private forest landowners

8 1988 Marty, Kurtz and Gra- mann

PNIF owner attitudes in the Midwest: A case study in Missouri and Wisconsin

9 1989 Blatner and Greene Woodland owner attitudes toward timber production and management

10 1989 Bliss and Martin Identifying NIPF management motivations with quali- tative methods

11 1991 Blatner, Baumgartner and Quackenbush

NIPF use of landowner assistance and education programs in Washington State

12 1991 O'Hara and Reed Timber market development from private forests in North-Western Minnesota

13 1992 Bliss Evidence of ethnicity: Management styles of forest owners in Wisconsin

14 1992 Wilson A survey on attitudes of landholders to native forest on farmland

15 1993 Egan and Jones Do landowner practices reflect beliefs? Implications of an extension research partnership

Table 2.3: The thirty-two pieces of literature reviewed and presented in chronological order (continued over)

Chapter 2: Literature described

No. Year Author/s Title

16 1994 Bourke and Luloff Attitudes toward the management of non-industrial private forest land

17 1994 Broderick, Hadden and Heninger

The next generation's forest: Woodland owners' atti- tudes toward estate planning and land preservation in Connecticut

18 1995 Egan, Jones, Luloff and Finley

Value of using multiple methods - An illustration using survey, focus group, and Delphi techniques

19 1995 Wilson, Whitham, Bhati, Horvath and Tran

Trees on farms: Survey of trees on Australian farms: 1993-4

20 1996 Brunson, Yarrow, Rob- erts, Guynn and Kuhns

Non-industrial private forest owners and ecosystem management: Can they work together

21 1996 Kangas and Nie- meläinen

Opinion of forest owners and the public on forests and their use in Finland

22 1997 Bliss, Nepal, Brooks and Larsen

In the mainstream: Environmental attitudes of Mid- south forest owners

23 1997 Lönnstedt Non-industrial private forest owners decision process - A qualitative study about goals, time perspective, opportunities and alternatives

24 1998 Birch, Hodge and Thompson

Characterizing Virginia's private forest owners and their forest lands

25 1998 Jenkins Native vegetation on farms survey 1996 - A survey of farmers attitudes to native vegetation and landcare in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

26 1998 Karppinen Values and objectives of non-industrial private forest owners in Finland

27 1998 Kuhns, Brunson and Roberts

Landowners educational needs and how foresters can respond

28 1998 Rickenbach, Kittredge, Dennis and Stevens

Ecosystem management: Capturing the concept for woodlands owners

29 1999 Northern NSW Forestry Services

Private forest management intent survey: Northern NSW CRA Regions

30 2000 Dettman, Hamilton and Curtis

Understanding landholder values and intentions to improve remnant vegetation management in Austra- lia: The Box-Ironbark case study

31 2000 Kline, Alig and Johnson Fostering the production of services among forest owners with heterogeneous objectives

32 2000 Sinclair and Knuth Non-industrial private forest landowner use of geo- graphic data: A precondition for ecosystem-based management