Not all healthcare professionals are familiar with sleep benefit and its potential favourable influence on Parkinson’s symptoms. An interesting question is whether a clinical application of sleep benefit can be found. With the current difficulties of (long term) medication therapy in mind, the clinical implications of sleep benefit could be promising. With a clinical improvement that lasts for an average duration of about 80 minutes, sleep benefit may indeed have relevant therapeutic application. First, during the period of sleep benefit after nighttime sleep, patients might be able to get out of bed, get dressed and have breakfast even before they take their first medication.
Merello et al. [9] reported that 21% of their patients were able to skip or delay their morning medication because of sleep benefit. Such an adjustment in the medication schedule could allow patients to extend the proportion of the day spent in a good
“on” phase, although this assumption remains untested. Second, some patients also experience sleep benefit after daytime sleep. In such patients, scheduled power naps could be prescribed therapeutically to buttress levodopa therapy in the early afternoon, at a time when medication doses tend to become less effective for most patients, presumably due to receptor adjustments [36]. It remains to be seen whether interventions to increase nighttime sleep duration and/or quality may have subsequent effects on sleep benefit. Furthermore, future studies may focus on the possible extension of sleep benefit to the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Finally, a better understanding of sleep benefit and its underlying mechanisms could lead to a better understanding of Parkinson’s disease and the function of human sleep.
References
1 | Poewe WH: Clinical aspects of motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 1994 Jul;44:S6-9.
2 | Lees AJ, Hardy J, Revesz T: Parkinson’s disease. Lancet. 2009 Jun 13;373:2055-66.
3 | Chaudhuri KR, Schapira AH: Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2009 May;8:464-74.
4 | Schrag A, Jahanshahi M, Quinn N: What contributes to quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;69:308-12.
5 | Comella CL: Sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease: an overview. Mov Disord. 2007 Sep;22 Suppl 17:S367-73.
6 | Louter M, Aarden WCCA, Lion J, Bloem BR, Overeem S: Recognition and diagnosis of sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology. 2012 Oct; 259: 2031–2040.
7 | Askenasy JJ: Sleep disturbances in Parkinsonism. J Neural Transm. 2003 Feb;110:125-50.
8 | Marsden CD: “On-off” phenomena in Parkinson’s disease. In: Rinne U, Klinger M, Stamm G, eds: Parkinson’s disease: current progress, problems and management. Amsterdam:
Elsevier; 1980. p. 241-54.
9 | Merello M, Hughes A, Colosimo C, Hoffman M, Starkstein S, Leiguarda R: Sleep benefit in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 1997 Jul;12:506-8.
10 | Bateman DE, Levett K, Marsden CD: Sleep benefit in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Sep;67:384-5.
11 | Currie LJ, Bennett JP, Jr., Harrison MB, Trugman JM, Wooten GF: Clinical correlates of sleep benefit in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 1997 Apr;48:1115-7.
12 | Factor SA, Weiner WJ: ‘Sleep benefit’ in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 1998 May;50:1514-5.
13 | Hogl BE, Gomez-Arevalo G, Garcia S, Scipioni O, Rubio M, Blanco M, et al: A clinical, pharmacologic, and polysomnographic study of sleep benefit in Parkinson’s disease.
Neurology. 1998 May;50:1332-9.
14 | Tandberg E, Larsen JP, Karlsen K: Excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep benefit in Parkinson’s disease: a community-based study. Mov Disord. 1999 Nov;14:922-7.
15 | van Gilst MM, Louter M, Baumann CR, Bloem BR, Overeem S: Sleep benefit in Parkinson’s disease: Time to revive an enigma? Journal of Parkinson’s disease. 2012;2:167-70.
16 | Hogl B, Poewe W: Sleep and daytime sleepiness in Parkinson’s disease. Schweizer archiv fur neurologie und psychiatrie. 2003;154:374-83.
17 | Pal PK, Thennarasu K, Fleming J, Schulzer M, Brown T, Calne SM: Nocturnal sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease and in their caregivers. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2004 Mar;10:157-68.
18 | Ishikawa A, Takahashi H: Clinical and neuropathological aspects of autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. J Neurol. 1998 Nov;245:P4-9.
19 | Yamamura Y, Hattori N, Matsumine H, Kuzuhara S, Mizuno Y: Autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism with diurnal fluctuation: clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular genetic identification. Brain Dev. 2000 Sep;22 Suppl 1:S87-91.
3
20 | Yamamura Y: The long journey to the discovery of PARK2. Neuropathology. 2010 Jul;30:495-500.
21 | Saito M, Maruyama M, Ikeuchi K, Kondo H, Ishikawa A, Yuasa T, et al: Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Brain Dev. 2000 Sep;22 Suppl 1:S115-7.
22 | Wiley J, Lynch T, Lincoln S, Skipper L, Hulihan M, Gosal D, et al: Parkinson’s disease in Ireland: clinical presentation and genetic heterogeneity in patients with parkin mutations.
Mov Disord. 2004 Jun;19:677-81.
23 | Bonifati V, Rohe CF, Breedveld GJ, Fabrizio E, De Mari M, Tassorelli C, et al: Early-onset parkinsonism associated with PINK1 mutations: frequency, genotypes, and phenotypes.
Neurology. 2005 Jul 12;65:87-95.
24 | Rohe CF, Montagna P, Breedveld G, Cortelli P, Oostra BA, Bonifati V: Homozygous PINK1 C-terminus mutation causing early-onset parkinsonism. Ann Neurol. 2004 Sep;56:427-31.
25 | Valente EM, Brancati F, Caputo V, Graham EA, Davis MB, Ferraris A, et al: PARK6 is a common cause of familial parkinsonism. Neurol Sci. 2002 Sep;23 Suppl 2:S117-8.
26 | Mednick S, Nakayama K, Stickgold R: Sleep-dependent learning: a nap is as good as a night. Nat Neurosci. 2003 Jul;6:697-8.
27 | Nishida M, Walker MP: Daytime naps, motor memory consolidation and regionally specific sleep spindles. PLoS One. 2007;2:e341.
28 | Walker MP, Brakefield T, Morgan A, Hobson JA, Stickgold R: Practice with sleep makes perfect: sleep-dependent motor skill learning. Neuron. 2002 Jul 3;35:205-11.
29 | Korman M, Doyon J, Doljansky J, Carrier J, Dagan Y, Karni A: Daytime sleep condenses the time course of motor memory consolidation. Nat Neurosci. 2007 Sep;10:1206-13.
30 | Nagappa M, Mundlamuri RC, Satishchandra P, Pal PK: Sleep benefit in a case of Episodic ataxia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2011 Oct;18:662-3.
31 | Segawa :. Hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation. Brain Dev. 2011 Mar;33:195-201.
32 | Segawa M, Hosaka A, Miyagawa F, Nomura Y, Imai H: Hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation. Adv Neurol. 1976;14:215-33.
33 | Giedke H, Schwarzler F: Therapeutic use of sleep deprivation in depression. Sleep Med Rev.
2002 Oct;6:361-77.
34 | Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, Fowler JS, Logan J, Wong C, et al: Sleep deprivation decreases binding of [11C]raclopride to dopamine D2/D3 receptors in the human brain.
J Neurosci. 2008 Aug 20;28:8454-61.
35 | Volkow ND, Tomasi D, Wang GJ, Telang F, Fowler JS, Logan J, et al: Evidence That Sleep Deprivation Downregulates Dopamine D2R in Ventral Striatum in the Human Brain.
J Neurosci. 2012 May 9;32:6711-7.
36 | Nutt JG, Carter JH, Lea ES, Woodward WR: Motor fluctuations during continuous levodopa infusions in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 1997 May;12:285-92.
3
four
four
Published as:
van Gilst, M. M., Bloem, B. R., Overeem, S.
Prospective assessment of subjective sleep benefit in Parkinson’s disease.
BMC Neurology, 2015 15:2