GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS

and can provide a sustainable lifestyle. The city can nurture the cultivation of rare plants in botanical gardens and animals in zoos and appropriate reserves, and growing agriculture in city. There is an interest in modern integrated plant life in urban structures by placing the roofs, walls and terraces, as well as indoors. This way can be effectively influence the improvement of microclimate conditions and the convenience of using and stay in this area, and contribute to improving the quality of air inside and outside.

Fig.10. Shaping the cities under new sustainable urban patterns - vertical garden cities

The second way is physical, ie designing the infrastructure of the city to allow biodiversity to maintain and preserve its characteristics. Thus form bioclimatic controlled structures. It is a common occurrence greenery to be an integral part of the city superstructure and be included within the urban blocks, zones for recreation and sport, rest areas and boat, with what city strengthens its social character through informal meetings and communication between citizens.

 Measurement:

The indicator is measured through the percentage of capture new areas of greenery and the use of existing spaces with biodiversity and green table in the urban environment. Measurability can be intervals according to the adoption of Plan (GUP, DUP, UP ...) for 10, 20 ... years.

 Control:

To check, you can conclude how biodiversity is represented in the city and where is missing and how you can upgrade. It should also be ascertained green environments and spaces, parks, walkways, recreational and sports areas, public spaces and green areas within the urban blocks and all other environmental qualities of the city.

128 _{City farms are community projects in the city including the people who work with animals and plants in order to}

improve community awareness of agriculture, in particular awareness of people living in urban areas. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_farm

129 _{Synonym for Sustainable design (also called environmental design) is the philosophy of designing physical}

objects and services in accordance with the principles of economic, social and environmental sustainability. This philosophy can be applied in the fields of architecture, landscape architecture, industrial design, interior design etc… http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_design ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_architecture

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Skopje has a centralized role in the urban development of the state. There is concentrated most of the urban population 506,926 people130, in an area of 225km2. Skopje is the commercial and economic center where are all major economic activities, administration, education and institutions in the field of health, culture and sports. Thus Skopje is located high above all other urban areas in the state of the hierarchical scale of attractiveness. This attraction leads to a situation in which the city is increasing, thereby increasing its unsustainability.

The city in its history of growth going through spatial development cycles which ending in disaster, natural or caused by wars and conquests. Migration of large number of rural population in the city began in the late 18th century and early 19th century. At that time in Skopje is built the first railway, and in 1876 are associated Mitrovica - Skopje - Thessaloniki, and later in 1888 Belgrade - Skopje - Thessaloniki. The main axis around which the city becomes concentrated is north - south axis, the old train station and areas surrounding the river Serava, Kale, Topaana, Yeni neighborhood, Gazi Baba, Bit Pazar, Chair, Kardak neighborhood and through the right riverbank, Wallachia neighborhood, Gazi Mentesh ... the number of inhabitants in 1912 was 37000 inhabitants and was intensively inhabited the right bank of the river Vardar.

Once when Skopje became the capital of the Vardar Banovina in the period 1912-1941, and had a significant geo - political role and an administrative center, and the urban plans begin to be worked for the city, at the request of urban landscaping of the Kingdom of SHS (Kingdom of Yugoslavia). The north-south axis is related to radial - concentric ring around the Stone Bridge in the plans of architect Dimitrije Leko 1914 and architect Joseph Mihajlovic 1929. After World War II, Skopje again becomes geo - political center of the New Republic, which is part of the socialist state of Yugoslavia. Skopje became the capital of the Republic of Macedonia and the center of the wider region of southern Serbia, Kosovo and Metohija. Thus, begins the stronger migration of people and expansions of production facilities and industry. In 1948 is prepared General regulatory plan by architect Lujdek Kubesh, plan that clearly systematized urban areas and provides extensions to the east , west and north, and Skopje begins to identify its distinctive character. Residential areas were planned for the north, west and south east, the south side of the mountain range Vodno was allotted for major suburban natural and recreational area along with the City Park under the fortress and the hill of Gazi Baba, while the industry is planned along the Vardar River downstream of both coasts eastward. In this plan to the existing radial street system and the north-south axis clearly begins to be draws the dominant northwest - southeast axis. The preparation of

130

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