Incertidumbre y riesgo

You are about to create a library of symbols as shown below by the 9 Objects. In creating these symbols, you will exercise your technique of geometric construction while keeping precision in mind. Note that the symbols you are about to create will be used throughout the textbook. To avoid lost time, save your progress frequently. Although the symbols you are creating are Architectural, the techniques you are learning can be applied to a variety of fields such as Mechanical, Industrial, Civil, etc.

1. Launch AutoCAD to begin a new blank Drawing. You will use your Paper Space Template later in the Chapter. In the event that you are asked to choose a Workspace, select AutoCAD Classic and then OK.

2. Set Units to Architectural and Precision to 1/16”.

3. Set Limits to 0',0' by 24',16' and then Zoom All.

4. Make sure that Ortho, Polar, Osnap, Otrack, Ducs, and Dyn are set toOff. 5. Use the Rectangle tool to create a rectangular border having the same corners as

your limits.

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6. Set Snap and Grid by doing the following:

• In the Status Line, right-click on the Grid Button and from the shortcut menu, select Settings.

• As the Drafting Settings dialog box appears, set both Snap and Grid to 6".

• Toggle both Snap and Grid to On.

• Ensure that the Adaptive Grid setting is toggled Off as shown below.

Note: Adaptive grid allows for an automatic change in grid settings based on the current zoom factor. As an example, if you zoom in/out noticeably, the system will change to a subdivision or multiple of the current value instead of displaying the usual "grid too dense to display" warning. Although using this new option is a matter of user choice, the book will not make use of this setting.

7. SaveAs the Drawing using the name, All Symbols _ _ _ where the three blanks are your initials. Make sure that the Drawing is saved to your Symbols folder of your Main Folder.

8. Use the Rectangle tool and the following information to construct the Desk and Chair as shown below. Exact location of each symbol is user-specified; symbols will be moved and rearranged later in the instructions.

• Remember to Zoom and Pan as necessary.

• The Desk is 5'2" x 2'6".

• The Chair seat is an 18" square.

• The Chair arms and back are located 1" from the chair seat and are 2"

wide with user-specified length. Setting Snap to 1" will help construct the chair more efficiently.

• Do not label the symbols.

9. Create a Computer Desk using the following instructions:

• Use the Rectangle tool to create a 62" square as shown below.

• Use the Explode tool to explode the rectangle. {The Rectangle converts to lines L1-L4.}

• Create Lines L5 and L6 by Offsetting L1 and L2 by 22" respectively, as shown below.

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• Create the Diagonal Line L7 with Endpoints located at the two opposite corners of the square desk as shown below on the left.

• Create L8 and L9 by Offsetting L7 by 14” to both sides.

• Create L10 with Endpoints starting at the Intersection of L6 and L8 and going to the Intersection of L5 and L9 as shown below.

• Trim the geometry and Erase all Construction Lines (Xline) to result in the Computer Desk geometry shown below.

Note: The three symbols should appear as shown below. Do not label the symbols.

• Remember to Save your progress frequently.

10. Create the Sink symbol by using the following instructions:

• Create Construction Line CL1 using the horizontal option and Construction Line CL2 using the vertical option, at user-specified locations, as shown below.

• Create a Circle with the center located at the intersection of CL1 and CL2, having a Radius of 0.5".

• Offset the Circle to the outside by 0.5".

• Create Ellipse E1 using the Center option and for the Center, use the intersection of CL1 and CL2. Use the given dimensions shown below.

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• To create CL3 and CL4, Offset the Construction Line CL2 to the right by 1.0" and again Offset CL2 to the right by 8".

• Create Ellipse E2 with the center located at the intersection of CL1 and CL3. For the axis distance, refer to the given dimensions below.

• Create a faucet similar to the one shown below. The exact size and dimension of the geometry are user-specified. However, faucet geometry should be symmetrical.

• Trim the geometry as shown below and Erase all remaining Construction Lines.

11. Create a Toilet using the following instructions:

• Create a horizontal Construction Line, CL1 and a vertical Construction Line, CL2 at user-specified locations as shown on the next page.

• Offset CL1 in both directions (Up and Down) by 9" as shown on the next page.

• Offset CL2 to the right by 10.5" and again Offset CL2 to the right by 18.5" as shown below.

• Create an Ellipse (Center option) at the intersection of CL1 and CL2 using the given dimensions.

• Apply a Fillet with a Radius of 1" to the intersections of the Construction Lines to form the rectangular shape as shown below.

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• Offset CL1 to both sides by 4".

• Offset CL2 to the right by 9.5" as shown below.

• Create two Fillets with 5" radius between the ellipse and the two horizontally offset Construction Lines, as shown below.

• Trim and Erase the geometry as necessary to result in the Toilet symbol shown below.

• Save your All Symbols _ _ _.dwg and remain in the Drawing.

12. Create a Window symbol using the following instructions:

• Create a Rectangle with a Length of 6'5" and a Width of 6" at a user- specified location.

• Explode the Rectangle. {The Rectangle is converted to 4 separate lines.}

• Using the given dimensions, Offset the line L1 up by 2.5" and again Offset L1 up by 3.5". Also Offset Line L2 a total of 4 times using the given dimensions below.

• Trim the geometry to result in the window symbol shown below.

13. Create the Cubicle symbol shown below using the given dimensions. A reasonable approach would be to start with a 17'-1" x 8'-5" rectangle at a user-specified location. Explode the rectangle and use the Trim and Offset tools as necessary.

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14. Create the right-swing Door symbol at a user-specified location, using the given dimensions. The Center of the Arc is shown by the dot of figure below.

• Mirror the right-swing door symbol about a vertical axis, thus creating a left-swing door symbol as shown below. The exact location of Object is user-specified.

15. Zoom All and use the Move Command to reposition the nine symbols as necessary to result in the arrangement shown below. The exact position of each symbol is user-specified. However, all symbols should fall within the designated Limits area. Do not label Objects.

16. Save the All Symbols _ _ _Drawing file and remain in the Drawing.

17. Make a Block of the Desk by doing the following:

• From the Draw toolbar, select the Make Block tool. {The Block Definition dialog box appears as shown below.}

• For the Block name, enter Desk.

• In the Objects area, make sure that the Retain button is toggled to On.

• In the Objects area, select the Select Objects button.

• Select the Desk geometry (the original rectangle) and then ENTER {The Block definition dialog box appears again.}

• In the Base point area, select the Pick point button.

Note: Using the Retain option will make sure that the original geometry (used to create a Block symbol) is not converted to a Block and that only those inserted from this point on are actual Block symbols. This leaves the original geometry intact and editable.

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• For the Desk base point, select point P1 as shown below by the dot. {The Block definition dialog box appears.}

• Select OK. {The Desk Block is created and the Block definition dialog box is closed.}

18. Use the above procedure to create the remaining eight Blocks by using the names Chair, CompDesk, Sink, Toilet, Window, Cubicle, DoorRS, and DoorLS, knowing that the base point of Blocks are given by the dots labeled as P1-P9.

Note that these symbols will be addressed and utilized in later chapters.

• Once the nine Blocks are created, they are to be tested. From the Draw toolbar, use the Insert tool to insert each Block at a user-specified location. Due to space limitation, you may put Blocks outside of your limits momentarily. In the event that any Block is in error and needs to be Redefined, if necessary, use the Explode tool to explode the symbol first and then repeat the process properly to make a Block of the symbol.

• Once all the Blocks are proven to be valid (both in geometry and base point location), erase all recently inserted Blocks while keeping the original geometry on the screen.

Note: An efficient method of having global access to a Block symbol is by means of WBlocking (writing a Block to a file). With this technique, each Block can be written to a file and then inserted into any Drawing from one central location.

19. WBlock the Desk by doing the following:

• At the Command Prompt, type W (for WBlock) and then ENTER.

• In the Write Block dialog box, in the Source section, toggle Block as your source and use the drop-down menu to select Desk from the list of Block names.

• In the Destination section, select the [...] button (as shown below by the pointer) and use the Save in drop-down to make sure to assign the File name and path to your Symbols folder.

• Double-click on the Symbols folder {The Save in drop-down reads Symbols.}

• Make sure that the File name reads Desk.dwg as shown below.

• Select OK.

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20. Repeat this process to WBlock the Chair, CompDesk, Sink, Toilet, Window, Cubicle, DoorRS, and DoorLS using their respective file names, while saving them to your Symbols folder. Remember that the Block names can be selected from the drop down list.

Note: Your All Symbols _ _ _ Drawing is not an assignment. Although it will be addressed again in this chapter, plotting is not required.

21. Save and Close the All Symbols _ _ _ Drawing.

22. Exit AutoCAD.