Atlanta
• Extensive site protection
• Crime prevention through design planning and architecture
• Target hardening
• Bomb-resistant trash containers placed at Olympic Ring Stations
Amtrak
• Passenger railcar crumple impact zones
• Station target hardening
Design and Planning (Pre-Incident)
Security and Detection Technology Security Criteria: 9 Surveillance equipment 9 Silent alarms 9 Intrusion sensors Case Studies: Paris
• Physical barriers to protect vital systems
• Intrusion alarms
• CCTV surveillance with increased capability to record images for later investigation and forensic purposes
• Radio positioning systems to monitor RATP security, police vehicles and personnel in Metro and RER tunnels
NYC
• CAD Fire and Safety system
• Operations Control Center
• Emergency Mobile Command system with CAD system
Atlanta
• CCTV systems in position at all stations
• All buses equipped with GPS
• Perimeter fencing and intruder alarms for power stations
Amtrak
• Incorporated GPS for train tracking
Design and Planning (Pre-Incident)
Communications Equipment and Procedures Security Criteria:
9 Emergency communication systems and backup
9 Establish a clear chain of command and communication
Case Studies: Paris
• Two radio networks: surface channel network covers Paris and the suburbs; a working channel in open network collective mode and local mode
• All drivers have radios
• Dedicated phone lines situated in stations and at control posts
• Direct lines to emergency services
• Emergency phones for passenger use with alarm systems that indicate caller location
• Public address system
NYC
• Two-way Radio network; of limited use, however, in tunnels underground
• Completion of $130 million improved radio system is imminent
• Dedicated landlines at regular track intervals
Atlanta
• 24-hr MARTA Police Operations Center (MPOC) served as communications node between MARTA operations, State Center, FBI, DOD, and EOD
• MARTA police personnel also dedicated to the State Operations Center (SOC) and Atlanta City Police Joint Communications Center (JCC)
• SOLEC officers have radios tuned to the two MARTA frequencies
• Radio protocol standardized to ‘plain talk’ to eliminate misunderstandings.
Amtrak
• Radio network
Design and Planning (Pre-Incident)
Training Security Criteria:
9 Train station agents, operators, and all staff for hostile events
9 Enact simulation exercises
9 Define special procedures for assistance to seniors, disabled, and children
9 Develop reporting forms and procedures
Case Studies: Paris
• Extensive training for each employee
• Regular exercises undertaken in conjunction with Paris Fire Brigade
• 10 to 12 exercises held each year involving all management and staff
• One "major exercise" held every year simulating fire, explosion, or collision at a station or in a tunnel
NYC
• Emergency exercises varying from desktop, organized and regularly planned drills, to “no-notice” response simulations conducted
Atlanta
• SORT officers trained in biological weapons handling and hazardous materials response
• Numerous bus and train assault scenarios and simulations held
Amtrak
• Table-top exercises
Design and Planning (Pre-Incident)
Emergency Response (Planning and Arrangements) Security Criteria:
9 Arrange for alerts to public officials 9 Coordinated by police and security units
Case Studies: Paris
• Three Plans of Action:
a) Emergency Control Plan, applicable to serious accidents in the RER and Metro
Plan Rouge when the number of victims exceed 10 Plan Blanc which mobilizes emergency medical services
b) Crisis Communications Plan, applicable to management, for setting up a crisis center
c) A third plan covers measures to be taken in the event of a terrorist attack. It is primarily concerned with security, the details of which are classified.
NYC
• Periodic evaluation of emergency response plans in conjunction with the mayor’s Office of Emergency Management (OEM) and outside consultants
• Task Forces to examine emergency response plans after major incidents affecting other organizations
Atlanta
• Emergency response plan and “Go Team”
• Fully equipped Mobile Emergency Control Center
• Augmented support from state and federal authorities
Amtrak
• Table-top exercises
Design and Planning (Pre-Incident)
Augmented Security (Prior to special events) Security Criteria:
9 Additional security agents
9 Incentives for community vigilance 9 Bring in canine units
9 Aerial surveillance
9 Enact simulation exercises with outside agencies
Case Studies: Paris
• Heightened awareness since 1986 when Middle Eastern terrorists detonated 12 bombs in Paris and the surrounding area
NYC
• NYPD City Police
• OEM can muster additional State and Federal Resources
Atlanta
• Assistance from NYC Transit Security and MTA Metro-North Police in planning critique
Amtrak
• Amtrak depends on local, state and federal law enforcement authorities as well as freight contractors for augmented security support
Design and Planning (Pre-Incident)
Media and multi-lingual activity Security Criteria:
9 Place large notices in vehicles and stations to warn against unusual occurrences
9 Encourage passenger awareness
9 Ensure outreach to schools, youth, and community groups 9 Arrange general public and community meetings
9 Publish multi-lingual brochures
9 Maintain public relations and marketing departments
Case Studies: Paris
• Planning arrangements for crisis communications and media center
NYC
• Emergency plans identify responsibility for public and media communications
Atlanta
• Contingency planning included provisions for concerted efforts to keep public informed of service schedules and changes
Amtrak
• Standard media policy whereby all media statements are coordinated through the Public Affairs office in Washington D.C.
Design and Planning (Pre-Incident)
Availability of “Public Outreach” material Security Criteria:
9 Visible security personnel
9 Aggressive outreach to community 9 All staff participate in public relations 9 In-house and purchased materials 9 Promote zero tolerance
Case Studies: Paris
• Information unavailable
NYC
• Public awareness of general safety issues
Atlanta
• Local media
Amtrak