Indicadores de la RM durante el procesado y almacenamiento de los alimentos

I-4.3.1

Reports / stakeholders show that new laws and regulations have been issued and are enforced

I-4.3.2

Reports / stakeholders show that required institutions have been created or developed and are operational

I-4.3.3

Evidence exists of Commission role in strengthening of institutional and regulatory frameworks

I-4.3.4

Stakeholders consider that Commission interventions have maximised local government commitment by ensuring they are in line with the government’s own agenda, consulting with relevant stakeholders and proposing reforms at the local or sub-national level.

Findings at JC level - Tunisia Evaluation

The report presents a table which outlines the GBSs’ contributions to socio- economic achievements in country over the period evaluated. It mentions, specifically for the institutional and regulatory frameworks that, the direct contribution was in fact limited. “Contribution des programmes d’AB aux améliorations susmentionnées (CJ363) [réglementation en matière de droit des entreprises : renforcement de la liberté d’entreprise, droit des sociétés, gouvernance d’entreprises, propriété intellectuelle et industrielle, modes de résolution des conflits] : « À part leur contribution au système de partenariat en tant que tel, les programmes d’AB ont apporté une contribution directe limitée à ces

thématiques, visant certaines des mesures concrètes de ce processus de modernisation. […]. Les FAS III et IV portaient un accent spécifique sur l’amélioration du droit de l’entreprise et plus en général de la transparence du marché et des mécanismes de contrôle relatifs ». p. 55. The evaluation gives evidence of the effects of the GBSs, namely in terms of improvements of the business environment and its lawfulness as well as the liberalisation of the internal market: « Les ABG ont contribué à la forte dynamisation du secteur privé sur la période 1996-2008, bien que des éléments de faiblesse persistent par rapport à la réforme de l’environnement des affaires et à la libéralisation du marché

intérieur (C3.2) […]. Les ABG ont contribué spécifiquement à l’amélioration de la gouvernance économique, et de la légalité dans le monde des affaires, qui ont enregistré des progrès, bien que les standards atteints restent insuffisants

(C3.5).», p. xi.

Findings at JC

level – Moldova

Evaluation

The evaluation reports evidence that the institutional and regulatory frameworks have been strengthened: “EC TA and policy advice has contributed to a substantial and tangible improvement in the legal and regulatory environment for SMEs. Over the evaluation period, new laws were enacted and administrative red tape was reduced” p. 46.

The evaluation reports a number of significant institutional and regulatory changes supported by the Commission, notably institutional-building within the Ministry of Economy and Trade, to the elaboration of an SME strategy and the elaboration of a piece of legislation: “EC co-operation, largely in the form of TA to the Division of Small Business Development (DSBD) within the Ministry of Economy and Trade, has contributed to the GoM’s increasing attention to the need to alleviate barriers to SME development. The Tacis SME Development Project prepared policy papers, built capacity via study tours and training, and raised local officials’ awareness of the potential of the SME sector to provide growth and employment. The GoM’s Strategy for Support to Development of SMEs for 2006-2008 was developed with EU Tacis support

from the SME Development project (under an “Extended Scope” revision to the ToRs, a good sign of flexibility). This document is broadly recognised to be a strong guiding document for the GoM and has attracted the attention of donors and enabled the GoM to attract additional financial resources for development of the sector (mainly from World Bank and EBRD). The main points of the Strategy found their outlet in the Law on Support of SMEs approved by Parliament on 7th of July 2006. The law puts the small business classification criteria into compliance with EC recommendations, introducing at the same time the notion of the medium enterprise. The law establishes a new procedure for qualifying an entity as an SME on the basis of the declaration on its own liability. It defines the institutional framework supporting SMEs and eliminates the legislative gap by which local enterprises with foreign investments were not previously able to benefit from the facilities offered by the State to SMEs. », p. 43-44.

Findings at JC level – El Salvador

Evaluation

The evaluation gives evidence of the following achievements, adding caveats however: “EC contribution through FOMYPE to the national policy and legal framework on MSEs has helped design the national policy but has been scarcely efficient as far as norms and legal framework are concerned

(see I-4.1.1 in Annexe 9 formore details):

 FOMYPE supported the drafting of the national policy in favor of MSMEs, which the MINEC made public in 2007 (known as the “libro azul”);

 Regarding norms for MSMEs, FOMYPE contributed to the design of a National Innovation System; and it supported the creation of the National Quality and Productivity System, which will not bring any results while the 4 institutions (Metrology, Technical Regulation, Normalisation and Registration) on which the system is based are not working effectively.

 Regarding laws for MSMEs, FOMYPE failed to take advantage of FEDECACES’ experience and knowledge about remittances to help analyse and adapt the financial and legal framework so as to improve the use of remittances at national and local level. And the “Ley de Calidad”-much expected as a result of the recent EC’s cooperation strategic change from programme support to budget support- was still pending approval in September 2009, impeding the EC from launching its budget support programme PROCALIDAD as planned in the 2007-2013 CSP.” (p. 37).

Findings at JC level

Burkina Faso (1999-2008)

Evidence that this was the case and that it has had positive impacts on the functioning of enterprises:

« Bien que le PRCE n’avait pas pour vocation d’apporter un appui à l’ensemble du secteur privé, les améliorations constatées en matière législatives ont été notamment liées à la création des CGA et ont concernés essentiellement l’amélioration du cadre incitatif légal et une meilleure application de celui-ci.

En effet, la création des CGA a donné à de nombreuses entreprises une alternative formelle, légale à la continuation de leurs activités dans le cadre strictement informel. Les mécanismes incitatifs mis en place (incitants fiscaux, accès au financement, appui pour la conquête de nouveaux marchés, etc.) ont été suffisamment efficaces pour permettre aux entreprises de travailler dans un cadre légal et de formaliser leur statut et leur activités. L’impact fiscal à moyen et long terme pour le gouvernement est non négligeable. » p.73

Findings at JC

level - Microfinance

Through its support of the CGAP Work Programme 2008-2013, the EU/ACP Microfinance Programme assisted the formation of new microfinance regulation in West Africa, in dialogue with BCEAO (the Banque Centrale des Etats African de l’Ouest), as well as further policy dialogue with Nigeria and DRC.

Source: EC, EU/ACP Microfinance Programme Final Evaluation

Findings at JC

Although there is no evidence that they were mainstreamed, where applicable, in the PRSPs, stakeholders acknowledged that BizClim interventions, in most cases, led to theadoption of either policies or regulatory frameworks aimed at improving theirnational business environments. »

Source: EC, Final Evaluation Private Sector Enabling Environmnet Facility,p.28

Findings at JC level

MEDA II

Few specific information found.

As BS has been used to promote, encourage and support systemic macro- economic and sector reforms, their monitoring by the Commission has been focused on accompanying the reform process undertaken by the partner and verifying the adoption of its successive steps. This was done by negotiating with the partner and in coordination with the other donors involved, in advance of the provision of the Budget support, a matrix of conditions. Among these conditions some are regarded as conditions for disbursement. For example, in the case of the macroeconomic support FAS IV in Tunisia a condition of disbursement of the first tranche was to create markets open to competition. (p61)

BS interventions favoured continuous involvement of both donors and partners and induced a policy dialogue on the reforms supported. They reinforced the capacity of the institutions supported, thereby allowing them to use and benefit from the management and evaluation tools introduced.

However, the sustainability of the policies supported by BS interventions will depend on their acceptability by the population. The elements of fragility of specific MPC economies threaten the political acceptability of the government development model if welfare conditions cannot be maintained (e.g. Tunisia). (p71)

Commission interventions generally faced significant difficulties at all stages of the project cycle on the politically sensitive reforms to be addressed. Core reforms concern many aspects of liberalisation, utility tariffs, subsidies, reform of the judiciary systems, and banking regulations (p95)

Some tariff reforms have been accompanied by non-tariff measures that reduced their effectiveness as shown by the slow progress in the reduction of total trade restrictions (tariff and non-tariff measures) compared to that achieved with tariff measures alone. (p45)